Dependencies: Bump Go to v1.24.5

Resolves enterprise build failures caused by dependency cascade requiring Go 1.24.5.
Updates all workspace modules and build configuration for consistency.

- Update go.work, go.mod, and 29 workspace modules from Go 1.24.4 to Go 1.24.5
- Update Dockerfile: golang:1.24.4-alpine → golang:1.24.5-alpine
- Update Makefile and drone variables to Go 1.24.5
- Aligns with main branch (commit 52f6104230)
- Prevents GOTOOLCHAIN=local build failures in CI environments
- Tested: go mod tidy, workspace sync, and enterprise builds all work

Fixes issue where enterprise drone builds failed with:
'go: go.work requires go >= 1.24.5 (running go 1.24.4; GOTOOLCHAIN=local)'

Related to release-12.0.3 tagging requirements.

pkg/aggregator/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/aggregator
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0

pkg/apimachinery/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/apimachinery
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/grafana/authlib v0.0.0-20250325095148-d6da9c164a7d // @grafana/identity-access-team

pkg/apis/secret/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/apis/secret
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/apimachinery v0.0.0-20250314071911-14e2784e6979

pkg/apiserver/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/apiserver
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0

pkg/build/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/build
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 // Override docker/docker to avoid:
 // go: github.com/drone-runners/drone-runner-docker@v1.8.2 requires

pkg/build/wire/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/build/wire
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0

pkg/codegen/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/codegen
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	cuelang.org/go v0.11.1

pkg/plugins/codegen/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/plugins/codegen
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 replace github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/codegen => ../../codegen
 

pkg/promlib/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/promlib
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	github.com/grafana/dskit v0.0.0-20241105154643-a6b453a88040

pkg/semconv/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/semconv
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.36.0
 

pkg/storage/unified/apistore/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/storage/unified/apistore
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 replace (
 	github.com/grafana/grafana => ../../../..

pkg/storage/unified/resource/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/storage/unified/resource
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 replace (
 	github.com/grafana/grafana/apps/folder => ../../../../apps/folder

pkg/util/xorm/go.mod

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/util/xorm
 
-go 1.24.4
+go 1.24.5
 
 require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/spanner v1.76.1