From 798b32138dfc3aa6d2a905be7764dfcd4b3cfd04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sonia Aguilar <33540275+soniaAguilarPeiron@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2025 19:06:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Alerting: Use useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration for
 notification policies (#98615)

Co-authored-by: Gilles De Mey <gilles.de.mey@gmail.com>
---
 .../unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi.ts    |  11 -
 .../notification-policies/Modals.tsx          |  49 ++--
 .../NotificationPoliciesList.tsx              | 135 +++++-----
 .../useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx.snap  |  35 +++
 .../useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx       | 117 +++++++++
 .../useNotificationPolicyRoute.ts             | 245 +++++++++++++-----
 .../hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig.ts  |   4 +-
 .../notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts.snap     | 182 +++++++++++++
 .../notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts          | 144 ++++++++++
 .../alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.ts  |  82 ++++++
 .../alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.test.ts   |  21 +-
 .../alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.ts        |  20 +-
 .../alerting/unified/utils/matchers.ts        |   1 +
 .../alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.test.ts  |  93 ++++++-
 .../alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.ts       | 100 ++++++-
 .../alerting/unified/utils/rule-id.ts         |   2 +-
 .../plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types.ts  |   5 +-
 17 files changed, 1039 insertions(+), 207 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi.ts
 create mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/__snapshots__/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx.snap
 create mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx
 create mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/__snapshots__/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts.snap
 create mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts
 create mode 100644 public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.ts

diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 9fdc57356e1..00000000000
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-import { generatedRoutesApi } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/openapi/routesApi.gen';
-
-export const routingTreeApi = generatedRoutesApi.enhanceEndpoints({
-  endpoints: {
-    replaceNamespacedRoutingTree: {
-      // Stop a failed mutation from invalidating the cache, as otherwise the notification policies
-      // components will re-attach IDs to the routes, and then the user can't update the route anyway
-      invalidatesTags: (_, error) => (error ? [] : ['RoutingTree']),
-    },
-  },
-});
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/Modals.tsx b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/Modals.tsx
index ff961b83ffb..fb76f6cadb2 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/Modals.tsx
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/Modals.tsx
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { AlertState, AlertmanagerGroup, ObjectMatcher, RouteWithID } from 'app/p
 
 import { FormAmRoute } from '../../types/amroutes';
 import { MatcherFormatter } from '../../utils/matchers';
-import { stringifyErrorLike } from '../../utils/misc';
 import { InsertPosition } from '../../utils/routeTree';
 import { AlertGroup } from '../alert-groups/AlertGroup';
 
@@ -20,9 +19,8 @@ import { NotificationPoliciesErrorAlert } from './PolicyUpdateErrorAlert';
 type ModalHook<T = undefined> = [JSX.Element, (item: T) => void, () => void];
 type AddModalHook<T = undefined> = [JSX.Element, (item: T, position: InsertPosition) => void, () => void];
 type EditModalHook = [JSX.Element, (item: RouteWithID, isDefaultRoute?: boolean) => void, () => void];
-
 const useAddPolicyModal = (
-  handleAdd: (route: Partial<FormAmRoute>, referenceRoute: RouteWithID, position: InsertPosition) => void,
+  handleAdd: (route: Partial<FormAmRoute>, referenceRoute: RouteWithID, position: InsertPosition) => Promise<void>,
   loading: boolean
 ): AddModalHook<RouteWithID> => {
   const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState(false);
@@ -32,6 +30,7 @@ const useAddPolicyModal = (
   const handleDismiss = useCallback(() => {
     setReferenceRoute(undefined);
     setInsertPosition(undefined);
+    setError(undefined);
     setShowModal(false);
   }, []);
 
@@ -41,6 +40,8 @@ const useAddPolicyModal = (
     setShowModal(true);
   }, []);
 
+  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | undefined>(undefined);
+
   const modalElement = useMemo(
     () =>
       loading ? (
@@ -53,13 +54,14 @@ const useAddPolicyModal = (
           closeOnEscape={true}
           title="Add notification policy"
         >
+          {error && <NotificationPoliciesErrorAlert error={error} />}
           <AmRoutesExpandedForm
             defaults={{
               groupBy: referenceRoute?.group_by,
             }}
             onSubmit={(newRoute) => {
               if (referenceRoute && insertPosition) {
-                handleAdd(newRoute, referenceRoute, insertPosition);
+                handleAdd(newRoute, referenceRoute, insertPosition).catch(setError);
               }
             }}
             actionButtons={
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ const useAddPolicyModal = (
           />
         </Modal>
       ),
-    [handleAdd, handleDismiss, insertPosition, loading, referenceRoute, showModal]
+    [error, handleAdd, handleDismiss, insertPosition, loading, referenceRoute, showModal, setError]
   );
 
   return [modalElement, handleShow, handleDismiss];
@@ -83,17 +85,19 @@ const useAddPolicyModal = (
 
 const useEditPolicyModal = (
   alertManagerSourceName: string,
-  handleSave: (route: Partial<FormAmRoute>) => void,
-  loading: boolean,
-  error?: Error
+  handleUpdate: (route: Partial<FormAmRoute>) => Promise<void>,
+  loading: boolean
 ): EditModalHook => {
   const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState(false);
   const [isDefaultPolicy, setIsDefaultPolicy] = useState(false);
   const [route, setRoute] = useState<RouteWithID>();
 
+  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | undefined>(undefined);
+
   const handleDismiss = useCallback(() => {
     setRoute(undefined);
     setShowModal(false);
+    setError(undefined);
   }, []);
 
   const handleShow = useCallback((route: RouteWithID, isDefaultPolicy?: boolean) => {
@@ -114,13 +118,13 @@ const useEditPolicyModal = (
           closeOnEscape={true}
           title="Edit notification policy"
         >
-          {error && <NotificationPoliciesErrorAlert error={stringifyErrorLike(error)} />}
+          {error && <NotificationPoliciesErrorAlert error={error} />}
           {isDefaultPolicy && route && (
             <AmRootRouteForm
               // TODO *sigh* this alertmanagersourcename should come from context or something
               // passing it down all the way here is a code smell
               alertManagerSourceName={alertManagerSourceName}
-              onSubmit={handleSave}
+              onSubmit={(values) => handleUpdate(values).catch(setError)}
               route={route}
               actionButtons={
                 <Modal.ButtonRow>
@@ -137,7 +141,7 @@ const useEditPolicyModal = (
           {!isDefaultPolicy && (
             <AmRoutesExpandedForm
               route={route}
-              onSubmit={handleSave}
+              onSubmit={(values) => handleUpdate(values).catch(setError)}
               actionButtons={
                 <Modal.ButtonRow>
                   <Button type="button" variant="secondary" onClick={handleDismiss} fill="outline">
@@ -152,19 +156,24 @@ const useEditPolicyModal = (
           )}
         </Modal>
       ),
-    [alertManagerSourceName, error, handleDismiss, handleSave, isDefaultPolicy, loading, route, showModal]
+    [loading, showModal, handleDismiss, error, isDefaultPolicy, route, alertManagerSourceName, handleUpdate, setError]
   );
 
   return [modalElement, handleShow, handleDismiss];
 };
 
-const useDeletePolicyModal = (handleDelete: (route: RouteWithID) => void, loading: boolean): ModalHook<RouteWithID> => {
+const useDeletePolicyModal = (
+  handleDelete: (route: RouteWithID) => Promise<void>,
+  loading: boolean
+): ModalHook<RouteWithID> => {
   const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState(false);
   const [route, setRoute] = useState<RouteWithID>();
+  const [error, setError] = useState<Error | undefined>(undefined);
 
   const handleDismiss = useCallback(() => {
     setRoute(undefined);
     setShowModal(false);
+    setError(undefined);
   }, [setRoute]);
 
   const handleShow = useCallback((route: RouteWithID) => {
@@ -172,12 +181,6 @@ const useDeletePolicyModal = (handleDelete: (route: RouteWithID) => void, loadin
     setShowModal(true);
   }, []);
 
-  const handleSubmit = useCallback(() => {
-    if (route) {
-      handleDelete(route);
-    }
-  }, [handleDelete, route]);
-
   const modalElement = useMemo(
     () =>
       loading ? (
@@ -190,13 +193,13 @@ const useDeletePolicyModal = (handleDelete: (route: RouteWithID) => void, loadin
           closeOnEscape={true}
           title="Delete notification policy"
         >
+          {error && <NotificationPoliciesErrorAlert error={error} />}
           <Trans i18nKey="alerting.policies.delete.warning-1">
             Deleting this notification policy will permanently remove it.
-          </Trans>
+          </Trans>{' '}
           <Trans i18nKey="alerting.policies.delete.warning-2">Are you sure you want to delete this policy?</Trans>
-
           <Modal.ButtonRow>
-            <Button type="button" variant="destructive" onClick={handleSubmit}>
+            <Button type="button" variant="destructive" onClick={() => route && handleDelete(route).catch(setError)}>
               <Trans i18nKey="alerting.policies.delete.confirm">Yes, delete policy</Trans>
             </Button>
             <Button type="button" variant="secondary" onClick={handleDismiss}>
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ const useDeletePolicyModal = (handleDelete: (route: RouteWithID) => void, loadin
           </Modal.ButtonRow>
         </Modal>
       ),
-    [handleDismiss, handleSubmit, loading, showModal]
+    [handleDismiss, loading, showModal, error, route, handleDelete]
   );
 
   return [modalElement, handleShow, handleDismiss];
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/NotificationPoliciesList.tsx b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/NotificationPoliciesList.tsx
index 7e6d6c893bc..2e3e8d3bebd 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/NotificationPoliciesList.tsx
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/NotificationPoliciesList.tsx
@@ -8,28 +8,27 @@ import { useContactPointsWithStatus } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/compon
 import { AlertmanagerAction, useAlertmanagerAbility } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/hooks/useAbilities';
 import { FormAmRoute } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/types/amroutes';
 import { addUniqueIdentifierToRoute } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes';
-import { ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/utils/k8s/errors';
-import { isErrorMatchingCode, stringifyErrorLike } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/utils/misc';
+import { getErrorCode, stringifyErrorLike } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/utils/misc';
 import { computeInheritedTree } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/utils/notification-policies';
-import { ObjectMatcher, Route, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+import { ObjectMatcher, ROUTES_META_SYMBOL, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
+import { anyOfRequestState, isError } from '../../hooks/useAsync';
 import { useAlertmanager } from '../../state/AlertmanagerContext';
+import { ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION } from '../../utils/k8s/errors';
 
 import { alertmanagerApi } from './../../api/alertmanagerApi';
 import { useGetContactPointsState } from './../../api/receiversApi';
-import { isLoading as isPending, useAsync } from './../../hooks/useAsync';
 import { useRouteGroupsMatcher } from './../../useRouteGroupsMatcher';
-import {
-  InsertPosition,
-  addRouteToReferenceRoute,
-  cleanRouteIDs,
-  mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree,
-  omitRouteFromRouteTree,
-} from './../../utils/routeTree';
+import { InsertPosition } from './../../utils/routeTree';
 import { NotificationPoliciesFilter, findRoutesByMatchers, findRoutesMatchingPredicate } from './Filters';
 import { useAddPolicyModal, useAlertGroupsModal, useDeletePolicyModal, useEditPolicyModal } from './Modals';
 import { Policy } from './Policy';
-import { useNotificationPolicyRoute, useUpdateNotificationPolicyRoute } from './useNotificationPolicyRoute';
+import {
+  useAddNotificationPolicy,
+  useDeleteNotificationPolicy,
+  useNotificationPolicyRoute,
+  useUpdateExistingNotificationPolicy,
+} from './useNotificationPolicyRoute';
 
 export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
   const appNotification = useAppNotification();
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
   const {
     currentData,
     isLoading,
-    error: resultError,
+    error: fetchPoliciesError,
     refetch: refetchNotificationPolicyRoute,
   } = useNotificationPolicyRoute({ alertmanager: selectedAlertmanager ?? '' });
 
@@ -62,7 +61,22 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
   // TODO in the future: Generalise the component to support any number of "root" policies
   const [defaultPolicy] = currentData ?? [];
 
-  const updateNotificationPolicyRoute = useUpdateNotificationPolicyRoute(selectedAlertmanager ?? '');
+  // deleting policies
+  const [deleteNotificationPolicy, deleteNotificationPolicyState] = useDeleteNotificationPolicy({
+    alertmanager: selectedAlertmanager ?? '',
+  });
+
+  // updating policies
+  const [updateExistingNotificationPolicy, updateExistingNotificationPolicyState] = useUpdateExistingNotificationPolicy(
+    {
+      alertmanager: selectedAlertmanager ?? '',
+    }
+  );
+
+  // adding new policies
+  const [addNotificationPolicy, addNotificationPolicyState] = useAddNotificationPolicy({
+    alertmanager: selectedAlertmanager ?? '',
+  });
 
   const { currentData: alertGroups, refetch: refetchAlertGroups } = useGetAlertmanagerAlertGroupsQuery(
     { amSourceName: selectedAlertmanager ?? '' },
@@ -112,56 +126,38 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
 
   const refetchPolicies = () => {
     refetchNotificationPolicyRoute();
-    updateRouteTree.reset();
+    updateExistingNotificationPolicy.reset();
+    deleteNotificationPolicy.reset();
+    addNotificationPolicy.reset();
   };
 
-  function handleSave(partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>) {
-    if (!rootRoute) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const newRouteTree = mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree(selectedAlertmanager ?? '', partialRoute, rootRoute);
-    updateRouteTree.execute(newRouteTree);
+  async function handleUpdate(partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>) {
+    await updateExistingNotificationPolicy.execute(partialRoute);
+    handleActionResult({ error: updateExistingNotificationPolicyState.error });
   }
 
-  function handleDelete(route: RouteWithID) {
-    if (!rootRoute) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const newRouteTree = omitRouteFromRouteTree(route, rootRoute);
-    updateRouteTree.execute(newRouteTree);
+  async function handleDelete(route: RouteWithID) {
+    await deleteNotificationPolicy.execute(route.id);
+    handleActionResult({ error: deleteNotificationPolicyState.error });
   }
 
-  function handleAdd(partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>, referenceRoute: RouteWithID, insertPosition: InsertPosition) {
-    if (!rootRoute) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    const newRouteTree = addRouteToReferenceRoute(
-      selectedAlertmanager ?? '',
+  async function handleAdd(
+    partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>,
+    referenceRoute: RouteWithID,
+    insertPosition: InsertPosition
+  ) {
+    await addNotificationPolicy.execute({
       partialRoute,
-      referenceRoute,
-      rootRoute,
-      insertPosition
-    );
-    updateRouteTree.execute(newRouteTree);
+      referenceRouteIdentifier: referenceRoute.id,
+      insertPosition,
+    });
+    handleActionResult({ error: addNotificationPolicyState.error });
   }
 
-  // this function will make the HTTP request and tracks the state of the request
-  const [updateRouteTree, updateRouteTreeState] = useAsync(async (routeTree: Route | RouteWithID) => {
-    if (!rootRoute) {
-      return;
+  function handleActionResult({ error }: { error?: Error }) {
+    if (!error) {
+      appNotification.success('Updated notification policies');
     }
-
-    // make sure we omit all IDs from our routes
-    const newRouteTree = cleanRouteIDs(routeTree);
-
-    const newTree = await updateNotificationPolicyRoute({
-      newRoute: newRouteTree,
-      oldRoute: defaultPolicy,
-    });
-
-    appNotification.success('Updated notification policies');
     if (selectedAlertmanager) {
       refetchAlertGroups();
     }
@@ -170,20 +166,20 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
     closeEditModal();
     closeAddModal();
     closeDeleteModal();
+  }
 
-    return newTree;
-  });
-
-  const updatingTree = isPending(updateRouteTreeState);
-  const updateError = updateRouteTreeState.error;
+  const updatingTree = anyOfRequestState(
+    updateExistingNotificationPolicyState,
+    deleteNotificationPolicyState,
+    addNotificationPolicyState
+  ).loading;
 
   // edit, add, delete modals
   const [addModal, openAddModal, closeAddModal] = useAddPolicyModal(handleAdd, updatingTree);
   const [editModal, openEditModal, closeEditModal] = useEditPolicyModal(
     selectedAlertmanager ?? '',
-    handleSave,
-    updatingTree,
-    updateError
+    handleUpdate,
+    updatingTree
   );
   const [deleteModal, openDeleteModal, closeDeleteModal] = useDeletePolicyModal(handleDelete, updatingTree);
   const [alertInstancesModal, showAlertGroupsModal] = useAlertGroupsModal(selectedAlertmanager ?? '');
@@ -192,18 +188,23 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
     return null;
   }
 
-  const hasPoliciesData = rootRoute && !resultError && !isLoading;
-  const hasPoliciesError = !!resultError && !isLoading;
+  const hasPoliciesData = rootRoute && !fetchPoliciesError && !isLoading;
+  const hasPoliciesError = Boolean(fetchPoliciesError) && !isLoading;
+  const hasConflictError = [
+    addNotificationPolicyState,
+    updateExistingNotificationPolicyState,
+    deleteNotificationPolicyState,
+  ].some((state) => isError(state) && getErrorCode(state.error) === ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION);
 
   return (
     <>
       {hasPoliciesError && (
         <Alert severity="error" title="Error loading Alertmanager config">
-          {stringifyErrorLike(resultError) || 'Unknown error.'}
+          {stringifyErrorLike(fetchPoliciesError) || 'Unknown error.'}
         </Alert>
       )}
       {/* show when there is an update error */}
-      {isErrorMatchingCode(updateError, ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION) && (
+      {hasConflictError && (
         <Alert severity="info" title="Notification policies have changed">
           <Stack direction="row" justifyContent="space-between" alignItems="center">
             <Trans i18nKey="alerting.policies.update-errors.conflict">
@@ -230,7 +231,7 @@ export const NotificationPoliciesList = () => {
               currentRoute={rootRoute}
               contactPointsState={contactPointsState.receivers}
               readOnly={!hasConfigurationAPI}
-              provisioned={rootRoute._metadata?.provisioned}
+              provisioned={rootRoute[ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]?.provisioned}
               alertManagerSourceName={selectedAlertmanager}
               onAddPolicy={openAddModal}
               onEditPolicy={openEditModal}
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/__snapshots__/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx.snap b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/__snapshots__/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cfd5f04b6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/__snapshots__/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec 1`] = `
+{
+  "metadata": {
+    "name": "user-defined",
+    "resourceVersion": "abc123",
+  },
+  "spec": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "group_by": [
+        "alertname",
+      ],
+      "receiver": "default-receiver",
+      "repeat_interval": "4h",
+    },
+    "routes": [
+      {
+        "continue": false,
+        "group_interval": "5m",
+        "group_wait": "30s",
+        "matchers": [
+          {
+            "label": "team",
+            "type": "=",
+            "value": "frontend",
+          },
+        ],
+        "receiver": "nested-receiver",
+        "routes": undefined,
+      },
+    ],
+  },
+}
+`;
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..512f8f2ac66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { MatcherOperator, ROUTES_META_SYMBOL, Route } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+
+import { ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route } from '../../openapi/routesApi.gen';
+import { ROOT_ROUTE_NAME } from '../../utils/k8s/constants';
+
+import { createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec, k8sSubRouteToRoute, routeToK8sSubRoute } from './useNotificationPolicyRoute';
+
+test('k8sSubRouteToRoute', () => {
+  const input: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route = {
+    continue: false,
+    group_by: ['label1'],
+    group_interval: '5m',
+    group_wait: '30s',
+    matchers: [{ label: 'label1', type: '=', value: 'value1' }],
+    mute_time_intervals: ['mt-1'],
+    receiver: 'my-receiver',
+    repeat_interval: '4h',
+    routes: [
+      {
+        receiver: 'receiver2',
+        matchers: [{ label: 'label2', type: '!=', value: 'value2' }],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+
+  const expected: Route = {
+    continue: false,
+    group_by: ['label1'],
+    group_interval: '5m',
+    group_wait: '30s',
+    matchers: undefined, // matchers -> object_matchers
+    object_matchers: [['label1', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value1']],
+    mute_time_intervals: ['mt-1'],
+    receiver: 'my-receiver',
+    repeat_interval: '4h',
+    routes: [
+      {
+        receiver: 'receiver2',
+        matchers: undefined,
+        object_matchers: [['label2', MatcherOperator.notEqual, 'value2']],
+        routes: undefined,
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+
+  expect(k8sSubRouteToRoute(input)).toStrictEqual(expected);
+});
+
+test('routeToK8sSubRoute', () => {
+  const input: Route = {
+    continue: false,
+    group_by: ['label1'],
+    group_interval: '5m',
+    group_wait: '30s',
+    matchers: undefined, // matchers -> object_matchers
+    object_matchers: [['label1', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value1']],
+    mute_time_intervals: ['mt-1'],
+    receiver: 'my-receiver',
+    repeat_interval: '4h',
+    routes: [
+      {
+        receiver: 'receiver2',
+        matchers: undefined,
+        object_matchers: [['label2', MatcherOperator.notEqual, 'value2']],
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+
+  const expected: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route = {
+    continue: false,
+    group_by: ['label1'],
+    group_interval: '5m',
+    group_wait: '30s',
+    matchers: [{ label: 'label1', type: '=', value: 'value1' }],
+    mute_time_intervals: ['mt-1'],
+    receiver: 'my-receiver',
+    repeat_interval: '4h',
+    routes: [
+      {
+        receiver: 'receiver2',
+        matchers: [{ label: 'label2', type: '!=', value: 'value2' }],
+        routes: undefined,
+      },
+    ],
+  };
+
+  expect(routeToK8sSubRoute(input)).toStrictEqual(expected);
+});
+
+test('createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec', () => {
+  const route: Route = {
+    continue: true,
+    group_by: ['alertname'],
+    matchers: undefined,
+    object_matchers: [['severity', MatcherOperator.equal, 'critical']],
+    mute_time_intervals: ['interval-1'],
+    receiver: 'default-receiver',
+    repeat_interval: '4h',
+    routes: [
+      {
+        continue: false,
+        receiver: 'nested-receiver',
+        object_matchers: [['team', MatcherOperator.equal, 'frontend']],
+        group_wait: '30s',
+        group_interval: '5m',
+      },
+    ],
+    [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]: {
+      resourceVersion: 'abc123',
+    },
+  };
+
+  const tree = createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec(route);
+
+  expect(tree.metadata.name).toBe(ROOT_ROUTE_NAME);
+  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();
+});
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.ts
index 6bcc33a9af1..4b1e2243c8e 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/components/notification-policies/useNotificationPolicyRoute.ts
@@ -1,27 +1,45 @@
+import { pick } from 'lodash';
 import memoize from 'micro-memoize';
 
-import { routingTreeApi } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/api/notificationPoliciesApi';
 import { BaseAlertmanagerArgs, Skippable } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/types/hooks';
-import { MatcherOperator, Route } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+import { MatcherOperator, ROUTES_META_SYMBOL, Route } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
 import { alertmanagerApi } from '../../api/alertmanagerApi';
+import { useAsync } from '../../hooks/useAsync';
+import { useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration } from '../../hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig';
 import {
   ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route,
+  ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RouteDefaults,
   ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree,
-  ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTreeSpec,
+  generatedRoutesApi as routingTreeApi,
 } from '../../openapi/routesApi.gen';
+import {
+  addRouteAction,
+  deleteRouteAction,
+  updateRouteAction,
+} from '../../reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes';
+import { FormAmRoute } from '../../types/amroutes';
+import { addUniqueIdentifierToRoute } from '../../utils/amroutes';
 import { PROVENANCE_NONE, ROOT_ROUTE_NAME } from '../../utils/k8s/constants';
-import { ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION } from '../../utils/k8s/errors';
 import { getK8sNamespace, isK8sEntityProvisioned, shouldUseK8sApi } from '../../utils/k8s/utils';
+import { INHERITABLE_KEYS, InheritableProperties } from '../../utils/notification-policies';
+import {
+  InsertPosition,
+  addRouteToReferenceRoute,
+  cleanKubernetesRouteIDs,
+  mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree,
+  omitRouteFromRouteTree,
+} from '../../utils/routeTree';
+
 const k8sRoutesToRoutesMemoized = memoize(k8sRoutesToRoutes, { maxSize: 1 });
 
-const { useListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery, useReplaceNamespacedRoutingTreeMutation } = routingTreeApi;
-
 const {
-  useUpdateAlertmanagerConfigurationMutation,
-  useLazyGetAlertmanagerConfigurationQuery,
-  useGetAlertmanagerConfigurationQuery,
-} = alertmanagerApi;
+  useListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery,
+  useReplaceNamespacedRoutingTreeMutation,
+  useLazyListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery,
+} = routingTreeApi;
+
+const { useGetAlertmanagerConfigurationQuery } = alertmanagerApi;
 
 export const useNotificationPolicyRoute = ({ alertmanager }: BaseAlertmanagerArgs, { skip }: Skippable = {}) => {
   const k8sApiSupported = shouldUseK8sApi(alertmanager);
@@ -61,73 +79,149 @@ export const useNotificationPolicyRoute = ({ alertmanager }: BaseAlertmanagerArg
 const parseAmConfigRoute = memoize((route: Route): Route => {
   return {
     ...route,
-    _metadata: { provisioned: Boolean(route.provenance && route.provenance !== PROVENANCE_NONE) },
+    [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]: {
+      provisioned: Boolean(route.provenance && route.provenance !== PROVENANCE_NONE),
+    },
   };
 });
 
-export function useUpdateNotificationPolicyRoute(selectedAlertmanager: string) {
-  const [getAlertmanagerConfiguration] = useLazyGetAlertmanagerConfigurationQuery();
-  const [updateAlertmanagerConfiguration] = useUpdateAlertmanagerConfigurationMutation();
-
+export function useUpdateExistingNotificationPolicy({ alertmanager }: BaseAlertmanagerArgs) {
+  const k8sApiSupported = shouldUseK8sApi(alertmanager);
   const [updatedNamespacedRoute] = useReplaceNamespacedRoutingTreeMutation();
+  const [produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration] = useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration();
+  const [listNamespacedRoutingTree] = useLazyListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery();
 
-  const k8sApiSupported = shouldUseK8sApi(selectedAlertmanager);
-
-  async function updateUsingK8sApi({ newRoute }: { newRoute: Route }) {
+  const updateUsingK8sApi = useAsync(async (update: Partial<FormAmRoute>) => {
     const namespace = getK8sNamespace();
-    const { routes, _metadata, ...defaults } = newRoute;
-    // Remove provenance so we don't send it to API
-    // Convert Route to K8s compatible format
-    const k8sRoute: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTreeSpec = {
-      defaults: {
-        ...defaults,
-        // TODO: Fix types in k8s API? Fix our types to not allow empty receiver? TBC
-        receiver: defaults.receiver || '',
-      },
-      routes: newRoute.routes?.map(routeToK8sSubRoute) || [],
-    };
+    const result = await listNamespacedRoutingTree({ namespace });
+
+    const [rootTree] = result.data ? k8sRoutesToRoutesMemoized(result.data.items) : [];
+    if (!rootTree) {
+      throw new Error(`no root route found for namespace ${namespace}`);
+    }
+
+    const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(rootTree);
+    const newRouteTree = mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree(alertmanager, update, rootRouteWithIdentifiers);
 
     // Create the K8s route object
-    const routeObject: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree = {
-      spec: k8sRoute,
-      metadata: { name: ROOT_ROUTE_NAME, resourceVersion: _metadata?.resourceVersion },
-    };
+    const routeObject = createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec(newRouteTree);
+
+    return updatedNamespacedRoute({
+      name: ROOT_ROUTE_NAME,
+      namespace,
+      comGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree: cleanKubernetesRouteIDs(routeObject),
+    }).unwrap();
+  });
+
+  const updateFromAlertmanagerConfiguration = useAsync(async (update: Partial<FormAmRoute>) => {
+    const action = updateRouteAction({ update, alertmanager });
+    return produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration(action);
+  });
+
+  return k8sApiSupported ? updateUsingK8sApi : updateFromAlertmanagerConfiguration;
+}
+
+export function useDeleteNotificationPolicy({ alertmanager }: BaseAlertmanagerArgs) {
+  const k8sApiSupported = shouldUseK8sApi(alertmanager);
+  const [produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration] = useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration();
+  const [listNamespacedRoutingTree] = useLazyListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery();
+  const [updatedNamespacedRoute] = useReplaceNamespacedRoutingTreeMutation();
+
+  const deleteFromK8sApi = useAsync(async (id: string) => {
+    const namespace = getK8sNamespace();
+    const result = await listNamespacedRoutingTree({ namespace });
+
+    const [rootTree] = result.data ? k8sRoutesToRoutesMemoized(result.data.items) : [];
+    if (!rootTree) {
+      throw new Error(`no root route found for namespace ${namespace}`);
+    }
+
+    const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(rootTree);
+    const newRouteTree = omitRouteFromRouteTree(id, rootRouteWithIdentifiers);
+
+    // Create the K8s route object
+    const routeObject = createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec(newRouteTree);
 
     return updatedNamespacedRoute({
       name: ROOT_ROUTE_NAME,
       namespace,
       comGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree: routeObject,
     }).unwrap();
-  }
+  });
 
-  async function updateUsingConfigFileApi({ newRoute, oldRoute }: { newRoute: Route; oldRoute: Route }) {
-    const { _metadata, ...oldRouteStripped } = oldRoute;
-    const { _metadata: newMetadata, ...newRouteStripped } = newRoute;
-    const lastConfig = await getAlertmanagerConfiguration(selectedAlertmanager).unwrap();
-    const latestRouteFromConfig = lastConfig.alertmanager_config.route;
+  const deleteFromAlertmanagerConfiguration = useAsync(async (id: string) => {
+    const action = deleteRouteAction({ id });
+    return produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration(action);
+  });
 
-    const configChangedInMeantime = JSON.stringify(oldRouteStripped) !== JSON.stringify(latestRouteFromConfig);
+  return k8sApiSupported ? deleteFromK8sApi : deleteFromAlertmanagerConfiguration;
+}
 
-    if (configChangedInMeantime) {
-      throw new Error('configuration modification conflict', { cause: ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION });
+export function useAddNotificationPolicy({ alertmanager }: BaseAlertmanagerArgs) {
+  const k8sApiSupported = shouldUseK8sApi(alertmanager);
+  const [produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration] = useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration();
+  const [listNamespacedRoutingTree] = useLazyListNamespacedRoutingTreeQuery();
+  const [updatedNamespacedRoute] = useReplaceNamespacedRoutingTreeMutation();
+
+  const addToK8sApi = useAsync(
+    async ({
+      partialRoute,
+      referenceRouteIdentifier,
+      insertPosition,
+    }: {
+      partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>;
+      referenceRouteIdentifier: string;
+      insertPosition: InsertPosition;
+    }) => {
+      const namespace = getK8sNamespace();
+      const result = await listNamespacedRoutingTree({ namespace });
+
+      const [rootTree] = result.data ? k8sRoutesToRoutesMemoized(result.data.items) : [];
+      if (!rootTree) {
+        throw new Error(`no root route found for namespace ${namespace}`);
+      }
+
+      const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(rootTree);
+      const newRouteTree = addRouteToReferenceRoute(
+        alertmanager ?? '',
+        partialRoute,
+        referenceRouteIdentifier,
+        rootRouteWithIdentifiers,
+        insertPosition
+      );
+
+      // Create the K8s route object
+      const routeObject = createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec(newRouteTree);
+
+      return updatedNamespacedRoute({
+        name: ROOT_ROUTE_NAME,
+        namespace,
+        comGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree: cleanKubernetesRouteIDs(routeObject),
+      }).unwrap();
     }
+  );
 
-    const newConfig = {
-      ...lastConfig,
-      alertmanager_config: {
-        ...lastConfig.alertmanager_config,
-        route: newRouteStripped,
-      },
-    };
+  const addToAlertmanagerConfiguration = useAsync(
+    async ({
+      partialRoute,
+      referenceRouteIdentifier,
+      insertPosition,
+    }: {
+      partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>;
+      referenceRouteIdentifier: string;
+      insertPosition: InsertPosition;
+    }) => {
+      const action = addRouteAction({
+        partialRoute,
+        referenceRouteIdentifier,
+        insertPosition,
+        alertmanager,
+      });
+      return produceNewAlertmanagerConfiguration(action);
+    }
+  );
 
-    // TODO This needs to properly handle lazy AM initialization
-    return updateAlertmanagerConfiguration({
-      selectedAlertmanager,
-      config: newConfig,
-    }).unwrap();
-  }
-
-  return k8sApiSupported ? updateUsingK8sApi : updateUsingConfigFileApi;
+  return k8sApiSupported ? addToK8sApi : addToAlertmanagerConfiguration;
 }
 
 function k8sRoutesToRoutes(routes: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree[]): Route[] {
@@ -135,7 +229,7 @@ function k8sRoutesToRoutes(routes: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotific
     return {
       ...route.spec.defaults,
       routes: route.spec.routes?.map(k8sSubRouteToRoute),
-      _metadata: {
+      [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]: {
         provisioned: isK8sEntityProvisioned(route),
         resourceVersion: route.metadata.resourceVersion,
         name: route.metadata.name,
@@ -149,7 +243,7 @@ function isValidMatcherOperator(type: string): type is MatcherOperator {
   return Object.values<string>(MatcherOperator).includes(type);
 }
 
-function k8sSubRouteToRoute(route: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route): Route {
+export function k8sSubRouteToRoute(route: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route): Route {
   return {
     ...route,
     routes: route.routes?.map(k8sSubRouteToRoute),
@@ -163,7 +257,7 @@ function k8sSubRouteToRoute(route: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotific
   };
 }
 
-function routeToK8sSubRoute(route: Route): ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route {
+export function routeToK8sSubRoute(route: Route): ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route {
   const { object_matchers, ...rest } = route;
   return {
     ...rest,
@@ -176,3 +270,34 @@ function routeToK8sSubRoute(route: Route): ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertin
     routes: route.routes?.map(routeToK8sSubRoute),
   };
 }
+
+/**
+ * Convert Route to K8s compatible format. Make sure we aren't sending any additional properties the API doesn't recognize
+ * because it will reply with excess properties in the HTTP headers
+ */
+export function createKubernetesRoutingTreeSpec(
+  rootRoute: Route
+): ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree {
+  const inheritableDefaultProperties: InheritableProperties = pick(rootRoute, INHERITABLE_KEYS);
+
+  const defaults: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RouteDefaults = {
+    ...inheritableDefaultProperties,
+    // TODO: Fix types in k8s API? Fix our types to not allow empty receiver? TBC
+    receiver: rootRoute.receiver ?? '',
+  };
+
+  const routes = rootRoute.routes?.map(routeToK8sSubRoute) ?? [];
+
+  const spec = {
+    defaults,
+    routes,
+  };
+
+  return {
+    spec: spec,
+    metadata: {
+      name: ROOT_ROUTE_NAME,
+      resourceVersion: rootRoute[ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]?.resourceVersion,
+    },
+  };
+}
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig.ts
index b91e809b512..8218e8a6b44 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/hooks/useProduceNewAlertmanagerConfig.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { AlertManagerCortexConfig } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/ty
 
 import { alertmanagerApi } from '../api/alertmanagerApi';
 import { muteTimingsReducer } from '../reducers/alertmanager/muteTimings';
+import { routesReducer } from '../reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes';
 import { notificationTemplatesReducer } from '../reducers/alertmanager/notificationTemplates';
 import { receiversReducer } from '../reducers/alertmanager/receivers';
 import { useAlertmanager } from '../state/AlertmanagerContext';
@@ -31,7 +32,8 @@ const configurationReducer = reduceReducers(
   initialAlertmanagerConfiguration,
   muteTimingsReducer,
   receiversReducer,
-  notificationTemplatesReducer
+  notificationTemplatesReducer,
+  routesReducer
 );
 
 /**
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/__snapshots__/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts.snap b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/__snapshots__/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0232cd562d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/__snapshots__/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`routes Should add a new route with receiver E as a child of default route 1`] = `
+{
+  "alertmanager_config": {
+    "mute_time_intervals": [],
+    "route": {
+      "group_by": [
+        "grafana_folder",
+      ],
+      "group_interval": "1m",
+      "group_wait": "10s",
+      "object_matchers": [],
+      "receiver": "ROOT",
+      "routes": [
+        {
+          "object_matchers": [
+            [
+              "team",
+              "=",
+              "operations",
+            ],
+          ],
+          "receiver": "A",
+          "routes": [
+            {
+              "object_matchers": [
+                [
+                  "region",
+                  "=",
+                  "europe",
+                ],
+              ],
+              "receiver": "B1",
+              "routes": [],
+            },
+            {
+              "object_matchers": [
+                [
+                  "region",
+                  "=",
+                  "nasa",
+                ],
+              ],
+              "receiver": "B2",
+              "routes": [],
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          "object_matchers": [
+            [
+              "foo",
+              "=",
+              "bar",
+            ],
+          ],
+          "receiver": "C",
+          "routes": [],
+        },
+        {
+          "continue": undefined,
+          "group_by": undefined,
+          "group_interval": undefined,
+          "group_wait": undefined,
+          "match": undefined,
+          "match_re": undefined,
+          "matchers": undefined,
+          "mute_time_intervals": undefined,
+          "object_matchers": undefined,
+          "receiver": "E",
+          "repeat_interval": undefined,
+          "routes": undefined,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    "time_intervals": [],
+  },
+  "template_files": {},
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`routes Should delete route 1`] = `
+{
+  "alertmanager_config": {
+    "mute_time_intervals": [],
+    "route": {
+      "group_by": [
+        "grafana_folder",
+      ],
+      "group_interval": "1m",
+      "group_wait": "10s",
+      "object_matchers": [],
+      "receiver": "ROOT",
+      "routes": [
+        {
+          "object_matchers": [
+            [
+              "foo",
+              "=",
+              "bar",
+            ],
+          ],
+          "receiver": "C",
+          "routes": [],
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    "time_intervals": [],
+  },
+  "template_files": {},
+}
+`;
+
+exports[`routes Should update an existing route A with receiver B 1`] = `
+{
+  "alertmanager_config": {
+    "mute_time_intervals": [],
+    "route": {
+      "group_by": [
+        "grafana_folder",
+      ],
+      "group_interval": "1m",
+      "group_wait": "10s",
+      "object_matchers": [],
+      "receiver": "ROOT",
+      "routes": [
+        {
+          "continue": undefined,
+          "group_by": undefined,
+          "group_interval": undefined,
+          "group_wait": undefined,
+          "match": undefined,
+          "match_re": undefined,
+          "matchers": undefined,
+          "mute_time_intervals": undefined,
+          "object_matchers": undefined,
+          "receiver": "B",
+          "repeat_interval": undefined,
+          "routes": [
+            {
+              "object_matchers": [
+                [
+                  "region",
+                  "=",
+                  "europe",
+                ],
+              ],
+              "receiver": "B1",
+              "routes": [],
+            },
+            {
+              "object_matchers": [
+                [
+                  "region",
+                  "=",
+                  "nasa",
+                ],
+              ],
+              "receiver": "B2",
+              "routes": [],
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+        {
+          "object_matchers": [
+            [
+              "foo",
+              "=",
+              "bar",
+            ],
+          ],
+          "receiver": "C",
+          "routes": [],
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    "time_intervals": [],
+  },
+  "template_files": {},
+}
+`;
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3598c14cc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import { produce } from 'immer';
+
+import { AlertManagerCortexConfig, MatcherOperator, Route } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+
+import { FormAmRoute } from '../../types/amroutes';
+import { addUniqueIdentifierToRoute } from '../../utils/amroutes';
+
+import { addRouteAction, deleteRouteAction, routesReducer, updateRouteAction } from './notificationPolicyRoutes';
+
+describe('routes', () => {
+  const defaultRoute: Route = {
+    receiver: 'ROOT',
+    group_by: ['grafana_folder'],
+    object_matchers: [],
+
+    routes: [
+      {
+        receiver: 'A',
+
+        object_matchers: [['team', MatcherOperator.equal, 'operations']],
+        routes: [
+          {
+            receiver: 'B1',
+            object_matchers: [['region', MatcherOperator.equal, 'europe']],
+          },
+          {
+            receiver: 'B2',
+            object_matchers: [['region', MatcherOperator.equal, 'nasa']],
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        receiver: 'C',
+        object_matchers: [['foo', MatcherOperator.equal, 'bar']],
+      },
+    ],
+    group_wait: '10s',
+    group_interval: '1m',
+  };
+  const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(defaultRoute);
+  const ROOT_identifier = rootRouteWithIdentifiers.id;
+  const A_identifier = rootRouteWithIdentifiers.routes![0].id;
+
+  const initialConfig: AlertManagerCortexConfig = {
+    alertmanager_config: {
+      time_intervals: [],
+      mute_time_intervals: [],
+      route: defaultRoute,
+    },
+    template_files: {},
+  };
+  it('Should add a new route with receiver E as a child of default route', () => {
+    const routeWithID = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute({
+      receiver: 'E',
+    });
+    const newFormRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {
+      receiver: 'E',
+      id: routeWithID.id,
+    };
+    const action = addRouteAction({
+      alertmanager: 'alertmanager',
+      partialRoute: newFormRoute,
+      referenceRouteIdentifier: ROOT_identifier,
+      insertPosition: 'child',
+    });
+
+    const result = routesReducer(initialConfig, action);
+
+    expect(result.alertmanager_config.route?.routes).toHaveLength(
+      (initialConfig.alertmanager_config.route?.routes?.length ?? 0) + 1
+    );
+
+    // the last route if the root route should have receiver E
+    expect(result.alertmanager_config.route?.routes?.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+      receiver: 'E',
+    });
+
+    // assert the rest of the configuration
+    expect(result).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('Should not add a new route with receiver E as a child of route with receiver A, if data has been updated by another user', () => {
+    const routeWithID = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute({
+      receiver: 'E',
+    });
+    const newFormRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {
+      receiver: 'E',
+      id: routeWithID.id,
+    };
+    const action = addRouteAction({
+      alertmanager: 'alertmanager',
+      partialRoute: newFormRoute,
+      referenceRouteIdentifier: A_identifier,
+      insertPosition: 'child',
+    });
+    const modifiedConfig = produce(initialConfig, (draft) => {
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route!.routes = [];
+    });
+    const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(modifiedConfig.alertmanager_config.route!);
+    const modifiedConfigWithIdentifiers = produce(modifiedConfig, (draft) => {
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route = rootRouteWithIdentifiers;
+    });
+    expect(() => routesReducer(modifiedConfigWithIdentifiers, action)).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('Should update an existing route A with receiver B', () => {
+    const newRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {
+      receiver: 'B',
+      id: A_identifier,
+    };
+    const action = updateRouteAction({
+      alertmanager: 'alertmanager',
+      update: newRoute,
+    });
+
+    expect(routesReducer(initialConfig, action)).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+
+  it('Should not update route if config has been updated by another user', () => {
+    const newRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {
+      receiver: 'B',
+      id: A_identifier,
+    };
+    const action = updateRouteAction({
+      alertmanager: 'alertmanager',
+      update: newRoute,
+    });
+    const modifiedConfig = produce(initialConfig, (draft) => {
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route!.routes = [];
+    });
+    const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(modifiedConfig.alertmanager_config.route!);
+    const modifiedConfigWithIdentifiers = produce(modifiedConfig, (draft) => {
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route = rootRouteWithIdentifiers;
+    });
+    expect(() => routesReducer(modifiedConfigWithIdentifiers, action)).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('Should delete route', () => {
+    const action = deleteRouteAction({
+      id: A_identifier,
+    });
+    expect(routesReducer(initialConfig, action)).toMatchSnapshot();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d2f726eeba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/reducers/alertmanager/notificationPolicyRoutes.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+import { createAction, createReducer } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
+
+import { AlertManagerCortexConfig } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+
+import { FormAmRoute } from '../../types/amroutes';
+import { addUniqueIdentifierToRoute } from '../../utils/amroutes';
+import {
+  InsertPosition,
+  addRouteToReferenceRoute,
+  cleanRouteIDs,
+  mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree,
+  omitRouteFromRouteTree,
+} from '../../utils/routeTree';
+
+export const updateRouteAction = createAction<{ update: Partial<FormAmRoute>; alertmanager: string }>('routes/update');
+export const deleteRouteAction = createAction<{ id: string }>('routes/delete');
+export const addRouteAction = createAction<{
+  alertmanager: string;
+  partialRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>;
+  referenceRouteIdentifier: string;
+  insertPosition: InsertPosition;
+}>('routes/add');
+
+const initialState: AlertManagerCortexConfig = {
+  alertmanager_config: {},
+  template_files: {},
+};
+
+/**
+ * This reducer will manage action related to routes and make sure all operations on the alertmanager
+ * configuration happen immutably and only mutate what they need.
+ */
+export const routesReducer = createReducer(initialState, (builder) => {
+  builder
+    // update an existing route
+    .addCase(updateRouteAction, (draft, { payload }) => {
+      const { update, alertmanager } = payload;
+      const { alertmanager_config } = draft;
+
+      if (!alertmanager_config.route) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(alertmanager_config.route);
+      const newRouteTree = mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree(alertmanager, update, rootRouteWithIdentifiers);
+      alertmanager_config.route = cleanRouteIDs(newRouteTree);
+    })
+    // delete a route
+    .addCase(deleteRouteAction, (draft, { payload }) => {
+      const { id } = payload;
+      const { alertmanager_config } = draft;
+
+      // if we don't even have a root route, we bail
+      if (!alertmanager_config.route) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(alertmanager_config.route);
+      const updatedPolicyTree = omitRouteFromRouteTree(id, rootRouteWithIdentifiers);
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route = cleanRouteIDs(updatedPolicyTree);
+    })
+    // add a new route to given position
+    .addCase(addRouteAction, (draft, { payload }) => {
+      const { partialRoute, referenceRouteIdentifier, insertPosition, alertmanager } = payload;
+      const { alertmanager_config } = draft;
+
+      if (!alertmanager_config.route) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const rootRouteWithIdentifiers = addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(alertmanager_config.route);
+      const updatedPolicyTree = addRouteToReferenceRoute(
+        alertmanager,
+        partialRoute,
+        referenceRouteIdentifier,
+        rootRouteWithIdentifiers,
+        insertPosition
+      );
+
+      draft.alertmanager_config.route = cleanRouteIDs(updatedPolicyTree);
+    });
+});
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.test.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.test.ts
index 40441e890cc..fda04310963 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.test.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-import { MatcherOperator, Route } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+import { uniqueId } from 'lodash';
+
+import { MatcherOperator, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
 import { FormAmRoute } from '../types/amroutes';
 
 import { amRouteToFormAmRoute, emptyRoute, formAmRouteToAmRoute } from './amroutes';
 import { GRAFANA_RULES_SOURCE_NAME } from './datasource';
 
-const emptyAmRoute: Route = {
+const emptyAmRoute: RouteWithID = {
+  id: uniqueId(),
   receiver: '',
   group_by: [],
   continue: false,
@@ -20,8 +23,8 @@ const emptyAmRoute: Route = {
   mute_time_intervals: [],
 };
 
-const buildAmRoute = (override: Partial<Route> = {}): Route => {
-  return { ...emptyAmRoute, ...override };
+const buildAmRouteWithID = (override: Partial<RouteWithID> = {}): RouteWithID => {
+  return { ...emptyAmRoute, ...override, id: uniqueId() };
 };
 
 const buildFormAmRoute = (override: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {}): FormAmRoute => {
@@ -138,7 +141,7 @@ describe('amRouteToFormAmRoute', () => {
   describe('when called with empty group_by array', () => {
     it('should set overrideGrouping true and groupBy empty', () => {
       // Arrange
-      const amRoute = buildAmRoute({ group_by: [] });
+      const amRoute = buildAmRouteWithID({ group_by: [] });
 
       // Act
       const formRoute = amRouteToFormAmRoute(amRoute);
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ describe('amRouteToFormAmRoute', () => {
       ${undefined}
     `("when group_by is '$group_by', should set overrideGrouping false", ({ group_by }) => {
       // Arrange
-      const amRoute = buildAmRoute({ group_by: group_by });
+      const amRoute = buildAmRouteWithID({ group_by: group_by });
 
       // Act
       const formRoute = amRouteToFormAmRoute(amRoute);
@@ -170,7 +173,7 @@ describe('amRouteToFormAmRoute', () => {
   describe('when called with non-empty group_by', () => {
     it('Should set overrideGrouping true and groupBy', () => {
       // Arrange
-      const amRoute = buildAmRoute({ group_by: ['SHOULD BE SET'] });
+      const amRoute = buildAmRouteWithID({ group_by: ['SHOULD BE SET'] });
 
       // Act
       const formRoute = amRouteToFormAmRoute(amRoute);
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ describe('amRouteToFormAmRoute', () => {
 
   it('should unquote and unescape matchers values', () => {
     // Arrange
-    const amRoute = buildAmRoute({
+    const amRoute = buildAmRouteWithID({
       matchers: ['foo=bar', 'foo="bar"', 'foo="bar"baz"', 'foo="bar\\\\baz"', 'foo="\\\\bar\\\\baz"\\\\"'],
     });
 
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ describe('amRouteToFormAmRoute', () => {
 
   it('should unquote and unescape matcher names', () => {
     // Arrange
-    const amRoute = buildAmRoute({
+    const amRoute = buildAmRouteWithID({
       matchers: ['"foo"=bar', '"foo with spaces"=bar', '"foo\\\\slash"=bar', '"foo"quote"=bar', '"fo\\\\o"="ba\\\\r"'],
     });
 
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.ts
index 35081004758..60353d80bcf 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/amroutes.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import { uniqueId } from 'lodash';
-
 import { SelectableValue } from '@grafana/data';
 import { MatcherOperator, ObjectMatcher, Route, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
@@ -9,7 +7,7 @@ import { MatcherFieldValue } from '../types/silence-form';
 import { matcherToMatcherField } from './alertmanager';
 import { GRAFANA_RULES_SOURCE_NAME } from './datasource';
 import { encodeMatcher, normalizeMatchers, parseMatcherToArray, unquoteWithUnescape } from './matchers';
-import { findExistingRoute } from './routeTree';
+import { findExistingRoute, hashRoute } from './routeTree';
 import { isValidPrometheusDuration, safeParsePrometheusDuration } from './time';
 
 const matchersToArrayFieldMatchers = (
@@ -65,21 +63,25 @@ export const emptyRoute: FormAmRoute = {
 };
 
 // add unique identifiers to each route in the route tree, that way we can figure out what route we've edited / deleted
-export function addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(route: Route): RouteWithID {
+// ⚠️ make sure this function uses _stable_ identifiers!
+export function addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(route: Route, position = '0'): RouteWithID {
+  const routeHash = hashRoute(route);
+  const routes = route.routes ?? [];
+
   return {
-    id: uniqueId('route-'),
+    id: `${position}-${routeHash}`,
     ...route,
-    routes: (route.routes ?? []).map(addUniqueIdentifierToRoute),
+    routes: routes.map((route, index) => addUniqueIdentifierToRoute(route, `${position}-${index}`)),
   };
 }
 
-//returns route, and a record mapping id to existing route
-export const amRouteToFormAmRoute = (route: RouteWithID | Route | undefined): FormAmRoute => {
+// returns route, and a record mapping id to existing route
+export const amRouteToFormAmRoute = (route: RouteWithID | undefined): FormAmRoute => {
   if (!route) {
     return emptyRoute;
   }
 
-  const id = 'id' in route ? route.id : uniqueId('route-');
+  const id = route.id;
 
   if (Object.keys(route).length === 0) {
     const formAmRoute = { ...emptyRoute, id };
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/matchers.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/matchers.ts
index 17e60b2915a..f5f5476e208 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/matchers.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/matchers.ts
@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ export function unquoteIfRequired(input: string) {
 
 export const encodeMatcher = ({ name, operator, value }: MatcherFieldValue) => {
   const encodedLabelName = quoteWithEscapeIfRequired(name);
+  // @TODO why not use quoteWithEscapeIfRequired?
   const encodedLabelValue = quoteWithEscape(value);
 
   return `${encodedLabelName}${operator}${encodedLabelValue}`;
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.test.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.test.ts
index 19fd6016d2c..c83f24be8a6 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.test.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
-import { RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+import { MatcherOperator, ROUTES_META_SYMBOL, Route, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
 import { FormAmRoute } from '../types/amroutes';
 
 import { GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME } from './datasource';
-import { addRouteToReferenceRoute, cleanRouteIDs, findRouteInTree, omitRouteFromRouteTree } from './routeTree';
+import {
+  addRouteToReferenceRoute,
+  cleanRouteIDs,
+  findRouteInTree,
+  hashRoute,
+  omitRouteFromRouteTree,
+  stabilizeRoute,
+} from './routeTree';
 
 describe('findRouteInTree', () => {
   it('should find the correct route', () => {
@@ -14,7 +21,7 @@ describe('findRouteInTree', () => {
       routes: [{ id: 'route-1' }, needle, { id: 'route-3', routes: [{ id: 'route-4' }] }],
     };
 
-    expect(findRouteInTree(root, { id: 'route-2' })).toStrictEqual([needle, root, 1]);
+    expect(findRouteInTree(root, 'route-2')).toStrictEqual([needle, root, 1]);
   });
 
   it('should return undefined for unknown route', () => {
@@ -23,15 +30,15 @@ describe('findRouteInTree', () => {
       routes: [{ id: 'route-1' }],
     };
 
-    expect(findRouteInTree(root, { id: 'none' })).toStrictEqual([undefined, undefined, undefined]);
+    expect(findRouteInTree(root, 'none')).toStrictEqual([undefined, undefined, undefined]);
   });
 });
 
 describe('addRouteToReferenceRoute', () => {
-  const targetRoute = { id: 'route-3' };
+  const targetRouteIdentifier = 'route-3';
   const root: RouteWithID = {
     id: 'route-1',
-    routes: [{ id: 'route-2' }, targetRoute],
+    routes: [{ id: 'route-2' }, { id: targetRouteIdentifier }],
   };
 
   const newRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute> = {
@@ -40,21 +47,25 @@ describe('addRouteToReferenceRoute', () => {
   };
 
   it('should be able to add above', () => {
-    expect(addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRoute, root, 'above')).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(
+      addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRouteIdentifier, root, 'above')
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 
   it('should be able to add below', () => {
-    expect(addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRoute, root, 'below')).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(
+      addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRouteIdentifier, root, 'below')
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 
   it('should be able to add as child', () => {
-    expect(addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRoute, root, 'child')).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(
+      addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, targetRouteIdentifier, root, 'child')
+    ).toMatchSnapshot();
   });
 
   it('should throw if target route does not exist', () => {
-    expect(() =>
-      addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, { id: 'unknown' }, root, 'child')
-    ).toThrow();
+    expect(() => addRouteToReferenceRoute(GRAFANA_DATASOURCE_NAME, newRoute, 'unknown', root, 'child')).toThrow();
   });
 });
 
@@ -69,7 +80,7 @@ describe('omitRouteFromRouteTree', () => {
       ],
     };
 
-    expect(omitRouteFromRouteTree({ id: 'route-4' }, tree)).toEqual({
+    expect(omitRouteFromRouteTree('route-4', tree)).toEqual({
       id: 'route-1',
       receiver: 'root',
       routes: [
@@ -85,7 +96,7 @@ describe('omitRouteFromRouteTree', () => {
     };
 
     expect(() => {
-      omitRouteFromRouteTree(tree, { id: 'route-1' });
+      omitRouteFromRouteTree(tree.id, { id: 'route-1' });
     }).toThrow();
   });
 });
@@ -108,3 +119,57 @@ describe('cleanRouteIDs', () => {
     expect(cleanRouteIDs({ receiver: 'test' })).toEqual({ receiver: 'test' });
   });
 });
+
+describe('hashRoute and stabilizeRoute', () => {
+  it('should sort the correct route properties', () => {
+    const route: Route = {
+      receiver: 'foo',
+      group_by: ['g2', 'g1'],
+      object_matchers: [
+        ['name2', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value2'],
+        ['name1', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value1'],
+      ],
+      routes: [{ receiver: 'b' }, { receiver: 'a' }],
+      match: {
+        b: 'b',
+        a: 'a',
+      },
+    };
+
+    const expected: Route = {
+      active_time_intervals: [],
+      continue: false,
+      group_interval: '',
+      group_wait: '',
+      group_by: ['g1', 'g2'],
+      match: {
+        a: 'a',
+        b: 'b',
+      },
+      match_re: {},
+      matchers: [],
+      mute_time_intervals: [],
+      object_matchers: [
+        ['name1', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value1'],
+        ['name2', MatcherOperator.equal, 'value2'],
+      ],
+      provenance: '',
+      receiver: 'foo',
+      repeat_interval: '',
+      routes: [{ receiver: 'b' }, { receiver: 'a' }],
+      [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]: {},
+    };
+
+    // the stabilizedRoute should match what we expect
+    expect(stabilizeRoute(route)).toEqual(expected);
+
+    // the hash of the route should be stable (so we assert is twice)
+    expect(hashRoute(route)).toBe('-1tfmmx');
+    expect(hashRoute(route)).toBe('-1tfmmx');
+    expect(hashRoute(expected)).toBe('-1tfmmx');
+
+    // the hash of the unstabilized route should be the same as the stabilized route
+    // because the hash function will stabilize the inputs
+    expect(hashRoute(route)).toBe(hashRoute(expected));
+  });
+});
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.ts
index 4cad4826887..6aa80dcb030 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/routeTree.ts
@@ -6,11 +6,16 @@ import { produce } from 'immer';
 import { omit } from 'lodash';
 
 import { insertAfterImmutably, insertBeforeImmutably } from '@grafana/data/src/utils/arrayUtils';
-import { Route, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
+import { ROUTES_META_SYMBOL, Route, RouteWithID } from 'app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types';
 
+import {
+  ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route,
+  ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree,
+} from '../openapi/routesApi.gen';
 import { FormAmRoute } from '../types/amroutes';
 
 import { formAmRouteToAmRoute } from './amroutes';
+import { ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION } from './k8s/errors';
 
 // add a form submission to the route tree
 export const mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree = (
@@ -20,7 +25,12 @@ export const mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree = (
 ): Route => {
   const existing = findExistingRoute(partialFormRoute.id ?? '', routeTree);
   if (!existing) {
-    throw new Error(`No such route with ID '${partialFormRoute.id}'`);
+    throw new Error(`No such route with ID '${partialFormRoute.id}'`, {
+      // this allows any error handling (when using stringifyErrorLike) to identify and translate this exception
+      // we do, however, make the assumption that this exception is the result of the policy tree having been updating by the user
+      // and this not being a programmer error.
+      cause: ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION,
+    });
   }
 
   function findAndReplace(currentRoute: RouteWithID): Route {
@@ -45,8 +55,8 @@ export const mergePartialAmRouteWithRouteTree = (
 
 // remove a route from the policy tree, returns a new tree
 // make sure to omit the "id" because Prometheus / Loki / Mimir will reject the payload
-export const omitRouteFromRouteTree = (findRoute: RouteWithID, routeTree: RouteWithID): RouteWithID => {
-  if (findRoute.id === routeTree.id) {
+export const omitRouteFromRouteTree = (id: string, routeTree: RouteWithID): RouteWithID => {
+  if (id === routeTree.id) {
     throw new Error('You cant remove the root policy');
   }
 
@@ -54,7 +64,7 @@ export const omitRouteFromRouteTree = (findRoute: RouteWithID, routeTree: RouteW
     return {
       ...currentRoute,
       routes: currentRoute.routes?.reduce((acc: RouteWithID[] = [], route) => {
-        if (route.id === findRoute.id) {
+        if (route.id === id) {
           return acc;
         }
 
@@ -73,17 +83,19 @@ export type InsertPosition = 'above' | 'below' | 'child';
 export const addRouteToReferenceRoute = (
   alertManagerSourceName: string,
   partialFormRoute: Partial<FormAmRoute>,
-  referenceRoute: RouteWithID,
+  referenceRouteIdentifier: string,
   routeTree: RouteWithID,
   position: InsertPosition
 ): RouteWithID => {
   const newRoute = formAmRouteToAmRoute(alertManagerSourceName, partialFormRoute, routeTree);
 
   return produce(routeTree, (draftTree) => {
-    const [routeInTree, parentRoute, positionInParent] = findRouteInTree(draftTree, referenceRoute);
+    const [routeInTree, parentRoute, positionInParent] = findRouteInTree(draftTree, referenceRouteIdentifier);
 
     if (routeInTree === undefined || parentRoute === undefined || positionInParent === undefined) {
-      throw new Error(`could not find reference route "${referenceRoute.id}" in tree`);
+      throw new Error(`could not find reference route "${referenceRouteIdentifier}" in tree`, {
+        cause: ERROR_NEWER_CONFIGURATION,
+      });
     }
 
     // if user wants to insert new child policy, append to the bottom of children
@@ -111,7 +123,7 @@ type RouteMatch = Route | undefined;
 
 export function findRouteInTree(
   routeTree: RouteWithID,
-  referenceRoute: RouteWithID
+  referenceRouteIdentifier: string
 ): [matchingRoute: RouteMatch, parentRoute: RouteMatch, positionInParent: number | undefined] {
   let matchingRoute: RouteMatch;
   let matchingRouteParent: RouteMatch;
@@ -123,7 +135,7 @@ export function findRouteInTree(
       return;
     }
 
-    if (currentRoute.id === referenceRoute.id) {
+    if (currentRoute.id === referenceRouteIdentifier) {
       matchingRoute = currentRoute;
       matchingRouteParent = parentRoute;
       matchingRoutePositionInParent = index;
@@ -139,7 +151,9 @@ export function findRouteInTree(
   return [matchingRoute, matchingRouteParent, matchingRoutePositionInParent];
 }
 
-export function cleanRouteIDs(route: Route | RouteWithID): Route {
+export function cleanRouteIDs<
+  T extends RouteWithID | Route | ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1Route,
+>(route: T): Omit<T, 'id'> {
   return omit(
     {
       ...route,
@@ -149,6 +163,70 @@ export function cleanRouteIDs(route: Route | RouteWithID): Route {
   );
 }
 
+// remove IDs from the Kubernetes routes
+export function cleanKubernetesRouteIDs(
+  routingTree: ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree
+): ComGithubGrafanaGrafanaPkgApisAlertingNotificationsV0Alpha1RoutingTree {
+  return produce(routingTree, (draft) => {
+    draft.spec.routes = draft.spec.routes.map(cleanRouteIDs);
+  });
+}
+
 export function findExistingRoute(id: string, routeTree: RouteWithID): RouteWithID | undefined {
   return routeTree.id === id ? routeTree : routeTree.routes?.find((route) => findExistingRoute(id, route));
 }
+
+/**
+ * This function converts an object into a unique hash by sorting the keys and applying a simple integer hash
+ */
+export function hashRoute(route: Route): string {
+  const jsonString = JSON.stringify(stabilizeRoute(route));
+
+  // Simple hash function - convert to a number-based hash
+  let hash = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < jsonString.length; i++) {
+    const char = jsonString.charCodeAt(i);
+    hash = (hash << 5) - hash + char;
+    hash = hash & hash; // Convert to 32-bit integer
+  }
+
+  return hash.toString(36);
+}
+
+/**
+ * This function will sort the route's values and set the keys in a deterministic order
+ */
+export function stabilizeRoute(route: Route): Required<Route> {
+  const result: Required<Route> = {
+    receiver: route.receiver ?? '',
+    group_by: route.group_by ? [...route.group_by].sort() : [],
+    continue: route.continue ?? false,
+    object_matchers: route.object_matchers ? [...route.object_matchers].sort() : [],
+    matchers: route.matchers ? [...route.matchers].sort() : [],
+    match: route.match ? sortRecord(route.match) : {},
+    match_re: route.match_re ? sortRecord(route.match_re) : {},
+    group_wait: route.group_wait ?? '',
+    group_interval: route.group_interval ?? '',
+    repeat_interval: route.repeat_interval ?? '',
+    routes: route.routes ?? [], // routes are not sorted as if the order of the routes has changed, the hash should be different
+    mute_time_intervals: route.mute_time_intervals ? [...route.mute_time_intervals].sort() : [],
+    active_time_intervals: route.active_time_intervals ? [...route.active_time_intervals].sort() : [],
+    provenance: route.provenance ?? '',
+    [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]: {},
+  };
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+// function to sort the keys of a record
+function sortRecord(record: Record<string, string>): Record<string, string> {
+  const sorted: Record<string, string> = {};
+
+  Object.keys(record)
+    .sort()
+    .forEach((key) => {
+      sorted[key] = record[key];
+    });
+
+  return sorted;
+}
diff --git a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/rule-id.ts b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/rule-id.ts
index 1c184ec6da1..747cf852db2 100644
--- a/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/rule-id.ts
+++ b/public/app/features/alerting/unified/utils/rule-id.ts
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ export function stringifyIdentifier(identifier: RuleIdentifier): string {
     .join('$');
 }
 
-function hash(value: string): number {
+export function hash(value: string): number {
   let hash = 0;
   if (value.length === 0) {
     return hash;
diff --git a/public/app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types.ts b/public/app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types.ts
index 1dc2b39960c..e942163877d 100644
--- a/public/app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types.ts
+++ b/public/app/plugins/datasource/alertmanager/types.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 import { DataSourceJsonData, WithAccessControlMetadata } from '@grafana/data';
 import { IoK8SApimachineryPkgApisMetaV1ObjectMeta } from 'app/features/alerting/unified/openapi/receiversApi.gen';
 
+export const ROUTES_META_SYMBOL = Symbol('routes_metadata');
+
 export type AlertManagerCortexConfig = {
   template_files: Record<string, string>;
   alertmanager_config: AlertmanagerConfig;
@@ -133,7 +135,8 @@ export type Route = {
   active_time_intervals?: string[];
   /** only the root policy might have a provenance field defined */
   provenance?: string;
-  _metadata?: {
+  /** this is used to add additional metadata to the routes without interfering with original route definition (symbols aren't iterable)  */
+  [ROUTES_META_SYMBOL]?: {
     provisioned?: boolean;
     resourceVersion?: string;
     name?: string;