Alerting: rule backtesting API (#57318)

* Implement backtesting engine that can process regular rule specification (with queries to datasource) as well as special kind of rules that have data frame instead of query.
* declare a new API endpoint and model
* add feature toggle `alertingBacktesting`

pkg/services/ngalert/api/tooling/post.json

@@ -289,6 +289,60 @@
    "title": "Authorization contains HTTP authorization credentials.",
    "type": "object"
   },
+  "BacktestConfig": {
+   "properties": {
+    "annotations": {
+     "additionalProperties": {
+      "type": "string"
+     },
+     "type": "object"
+    },
+    "condition": {
+     "type": "string"
+    },
+    "data": {
+     "items": {
+      "$ref": "#/definitions/AlertQuery"
+     },
+     "type": "array"
+    },
+    "for": {
+     "$ref": "#/definitions/Duration"
+    },
+    "from": {
+     "format": "date-time",
+     "type": "string"
+    },
+    "interval": {
+     "$ref": "#/definitions/Duration"
+    },
+    "labels": {
+     "additionalProperties": {
+      "type": "string"
+     },
+     "type": "object"
+    },
+    "no_data_state": {
+     "enum": [
+      "Alerting",
+      "NoData",
+      "OK"
+     ],
+     "type": "string"
+    },
+    "title": {
+     "type": "string"
+    },
+    "to": {
+     "format": "date-time",
+     "type": "string"
+    }
+   },
+   "type": "object"
+  },
+  "BacktestResult": {
+   "$ref": "#/definitions/Frame"
+  },
   "BasicAuth": {
    "properties": {
     "password": {
@@ -6162,6 +6216,29 @@
     ]
    }
   },
+  "/api/v1/rule/backtest": {
+   "post": {
+    "consumes": [
+     "application/json"
+    ],
+    "description": "Test rule",
+    "operationId": "BacktestConfig",
+    "produces": [
+     "application/json"
+    ],
+    "responses": {
+     "200": {
+      "description": "BacktestResult",
+      "schema": {
+       "$ref": "#/definitions/BacktestResult"
+      }
+     }
+    },
+    "tags": [
+     "testing"
+    ]
+   }
+  },
   "/api/v1/rule/test/grafana": {
    "post": {
     "consumes": [