Alerting: Persist annotations from multidimensional rules in batches (#56575)

* Reduce piecemeal state fields

* Read data directly off state instead of rule

* Unify state and context into single struct

* Expose contextual information to layer above setNextState

* Work in terms of ContextualState and call historian in batches

* Call annotations service in batches

* Export format state and reason and remove workaround in unrelated test package

* Add new method to annotation service for batch inserting

* Fix loop variable aliasing bug caught by linter, didn't change behavior

* Incl timerange on annotation tests

* Insert one at a time if tags are present

* Point to rule from ContextualState rather than copy fields

* Build annotations and copy data prior to starting goroutine

* Rename to StateTransition

* Use new bulk-insert utility

* Remove rule from StateTransition and pass in directly to historian

* Simplify annotations logic since we have only one rule

* Fix logs and context, nilcheck, simplify method name

* Regenerate mock

pkg/services/annotations/annotations_repository_mock.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Code generated by mockery v2.12.1. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Code generated by mockery v2.12.0. DO NOT EDIT.
 
 package annotations
 
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ func (_m *FakeAnnotationsRepo) Save(ctx context.Context, item *Item) error {
 	return r0
 }
 
+// SaveMany provides a mock function with given fields: ctx, items
+func (_m *FakeAnnotationsRepo) SaveMany(ctx context.Context, items []Item) error {
+	ret := _m.Called(ctx, items)
+
+	var r0 error
+	if rf, ok := ret.Get(0).(func(context.Context, []Item) error); ok {
+		r0 = rf(ctx, items)
+	} else {
+		r0 = ret.Error(0)
+	}
+
+	return r0
+}
+
 // Update provides a mock function with given fields: ctx, item
 func (_m *FakeAnnotationsRepo) Update(ctx context.Context, item *Item) error {
 	ret := _m.Called(ctx, item)