Alerting: Persist annotations from multidimensional rules in batches (#56575)

* Reduce piecemeal state fields

* Read data directly off state instead of rule

* Unify state and context into single struct

* Expose contextual information to layer above setNextState

* Work in terms of ContextualState and call historian in batches

* Call annotations service in batches

* Export format state and reason and remove workaround in unrelated test package

* Add new method to annotation service for batch inserting

* Fix loop variable aliasing bug caught by linter, didn't change behavior

* Incl timerange on annotation tests

* Insert one at a time if tags are present

* Point to rule from ContextualState rather than copy fields

* Build annotations and copy data prior to starting goroutine

* Rename to StateTransition

* Use new bulk-insert utility

* Remove rule from StateTransition and pass in directly to historian

* Simplify annotations logic since we have only one rule

* Fix logs and context, nilcheck, simplify method name

* Regenerate mock

pkg/services/annotations/annotationsimpl/xorm_store_test.go

@@ -163,6 +163,47 @@ func TestIntegrationAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Error(t, err)
 		require.ErrorIs(t, err, annotations.ErrBaseTagLimitExceeded)
 
+		t.Run("Can batch-insert annotations", func(t *testing.T) {
+			count := 10
+			items := make([]annotations.Item, count)
+			for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+				items[i] = annotations.Item{
+					OrgId: 100,
+					Type:  "batch",
+					Epoch: 12,
+				}
+			}
+
+			err := repo.AddMany(context.Background(), items)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			query := &annotations.ItemQuery{OrgId: 100, SignedInUser: testUser}
+			inserted, err := repo.Get(context.Background(), query)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Len(t, inserted, count)
+		})
+
+		t.Run("Can batch-insert annotations with tags", func(t *testing.T) {
+			count := 10
+			items := make([]annotations.Item, count)
+			for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+				items[i] = annotations.Item{
+					OrgId: 101,
+					Type:  "batch",
+					Epoch: 12,
+				}
+			}
+			items[0].Tags = []string{"type:test"}
+
+			err := repo.AddMany(context.Background(), items)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			query := &annotations.ItemQuery{OrgId: 101, SignedInUser: testUser}
+			inserted, err := repo.Get(context.Background(), query)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Len(t, inserted, count)
+		})
+
 		t.Run("Can query for annotation by id", func(t *testing.T) {
 			items, err := repo.Get(context.Background(), &annotations.ItemQuery{
 				OrgId:        1,
@@ -448,6 +489,7 @@ func TestIntegrationAnnotationListingWithRBAC(t *testing.T) {
 		OrgId:       1,
 		DashboardId: 2,
 		Epoch:       10,
+		Tags:        []string{"foo:bar"},
 	}
 	err = repo.Add(context.Background(), dash2Annotation)
 	require.NoError(t, err)