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<title data-rh="true">Tips for Setting Up Containers | Rancher</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="2.0-2.4"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-2.0-2.4"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="2.0-2.4"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-2.0-2.4"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Tips for Setting Up Containers | Rancher"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Running well-built containers can greatly impact the overall performance and security of your environment."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Running well-built containers can greatly impact the overall performance and security of your environment."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.png"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/zh/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers" hreflang="zh"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://ranchermanager.docs.rancher.com/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://30NEY6C9UY-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com">
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alert--warning margin-bottom--md" role="alert"><div>This is documentation for <!-- -->Rancher<!-- --> <b>v2.0-v2.4</b>, which is no longer actively maintained.</div><div class="margin-top--md">For up-to-date documentation, see the <b><a href="/">latest version</a></b> (<!-- -->Latest<!-- -->).</div></div><div class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides"><span itemprop="name">Reference Guides</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices"><span itemprop="name">Best Practice Guides</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Tips for Setting Up Containers</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">Version: v2.0-v2.4</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Tips for Setting Up Containers</h1></header><p>Running well-built containers can greatly impact the overall performance and security of your environment.</p><p>Below are a few tips for setting up your containers.</p><p>For a more detailed discussion of security for containers, you can also refer to Rancher's <a href="https://rancher.com/complete-guide-container-security" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Guide to Container Security.</a></p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="use-a-common-container-os">Use a Common Container OS<a href="#use-a-common-container-os" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Use a Common Container OS" title="Direct link to Use a Common Container OS"></a></h3><p>When possible, you should try to standardize on a common container base OS.</p><p>Smaller distributions such as Alpine and BusyBox reduce container image size and generally have a smaller attack/vulnerability surface.</p><p>Popular distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and CentOS are more field-tested and offer more functionality.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="start-with-a-from-scratch-container">Start with a FROM scratch container<a href="#start-with-a-from-scratch-container" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Start with a FROM scratch container" title="Direct link to Start with a FROM scratch container"></a></h3><p>If your microservice is a standalone static binary, you should use a FROM scratch container.</p><p>The FROM scratch container is an <a href="https://hub.docker.com/_/scratch" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">official Docker image</a> that is empty so that you can use it to design minimal images.</p><p>This will have the smallest attack surface and smallest image size.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="run-container-processes-as-unprivileged">Run Container Processes as Unprivileged<a href="#run-container-processes-as-unprivileged" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Run Container Processes as Unprivileged" title="Direct link to Run Container Processes as Unprivileged"></a></h3><p>When possible, use a non-privileged user when running processes within your container. While container runtimes provide isolation, vulnerabilities and attacks are still possible. Inadvertent or accidental host mounts can also be impacted if the container is running as root. For details on configuring a security context for a pod or container, refer to the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/security-context/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kubernetes docs</a>.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="define-resource-limits">Define Resource Limits<a href="#define-resource-limits" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Define Resource Limits" title="Direct link to Define Resource Limits"></a></h3><p>Apply CPU and memory limits to your pods. This can help manage the resources on your worker nodes and avoid a malfunctioning microservice from impacting other microservices.</p><p>In standard Kubernetes, you can set resource limits on the namespace level. In Rancher, you can set resource limits on the project level and they will propagate to all the namespaces within the project. For details, refer to the Rancher docs.</p><p>When setting resource quotas, if you set anything related to CPU or Memory (i.e. limits or reservations) on a project or namespace, all containers will require a respective CPU or Memory field set during creation. To avoid setting these limits on each and every container during workload creation, a default container resource limit can be specified on the namespace.</p><p>The Kubernetes docs have more information on how resource limits can be set at the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-compute-resources-container/#resource-requests-and-limits-of-pod-and-container" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">container level</a> and the namespace level.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="define-resource-requirements">Define Resource Requirements<a href="#define-resource-requirements" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Define Resource Requirements" title="Direct link to Define Resource Requirements"></a></h3><p>You should apply CPU and memory requirements to your pods. This is crucial for informing the scheduler which type of compute node your pod needs to be placed on, and ensuring it does not over-provision that node. In Kubernetes, you can set a resource requirement by defining <code>resources.requests</code> in the resource requests field in a pod's container spec. For details, refer to the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-compute-resources-container/#resource-requests-and-limits-of-pod-and-container" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kubernetes docs</a>.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Note:</strong> If you set a resource limit for the namespace that the pod is deployed in, and the container doesn't have a specific resource request, the pod will not be allowed to start. To avoid setting these fields on each and every container during workload creation, a default container resource limit can be specified on the namespace.</p></blockquote><p>It is recommended to define resource requirements on the container level because otherwise, the scheduler makes assumptions that will likely not be helpful to your application when the cluster experiences load.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="liveness-and-readiness-probes">Liveness and Readiness Probes<a href="#liveness-and-readiness-probes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Liveness and Readiness Probes" title="Direct link to Liveness and Readiness Probes"></a></h3><p>Set up liveness and readiness probes for your container. Unless your container completely crashes, Kubernetes will not know it's unhealthy unless you create an endpoint or mechanism that can report container status. Alternatively, make sure your container halts and crashes if unhealthy.</p><p>The Kubernetes docs show how to <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-liveness-readiness-probes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">configure liveness and readiness probes for containers.</a></p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/rancher/rancher-docs/edit/main/versioned_docs/version-2.0-2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/containers.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2022-09-23T17:11:24.000Z">Sep 23, 2022</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Best Practice Guides</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/v2.0-v2.4/reference-guides/best-practices/deployment-strategies"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Rancher Deployment Strategies</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#use-a-common-container-os" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Use a Common Container OS</a></li><li><a href="#start-with-a-from-scratch-container" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Start with a FROM scratch container</a></li><li><a href="#run-container-processes-as-unprivileged" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Run Container Processes as Unprivileged</a></li><li><a href="#define-resource-limits" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Define Resource Limits</a></li><li><a href="#define-resource-requirements" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Define Resource Requirements</a></li><li><a href="#liveness-and-readiness-probes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Liveness and Readiness Probes</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2024 SUSE Rancher. 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