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The descriptions below provide a simplified overview of Kubernetes components. For more details, refer to the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">official documentation on Kubernetes components.</a></p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="about-docker">About Docker<a href="#about-docker" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to About Docker" title="Direct link to About Docker"></a></h2><p>Docker is the container packaging and runtime standard. Developers build container images from Dockerfiles and distribute container images from Docker registries. <a href="https://hub.docker.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Docker Hub</a> is the most popular public registry. Many organizations also set up private Docker registries. Docker is primarily used to manage containers on individual nodes.</p><div class="theme-admonition theme-admonition-note alert alert--secondary admonition_LlT9"><div class="admonitionHeading_tbUL"><span class="admonitionIcon_kALy"><svg viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.3 5.69a.942.942 0 0 1-.28-.7c0-.28.09-.52.28-.7.19-.18.42-.28.7-.28.28 0 .52.09.7.28.18.19.28.42.28.7 0 .28-.09.52-.28.7a1 1 0 0 1-.7.3c-.28 0-.52-.11-.7-.3zM8 7.99c-.02-.25-.11-.48-.31-.69-.2-.19-.42-.3-.69-.31H6c-.27.02-.48.13-.69.31-.2.2-.3.44-.31.69h1v3c.02.27.11.5.31.69.2.2.42.31.69.31h1c.27 0 .48-.11.69-.31.2-.19.3-.42.31-.69H8V7.98v.01zM7 2.3c-3.14 0-5.7 2.54-5.7 5.68 0 3.14 2.56 5.7 5.7 5.7s5.7-2.55 5.7-5.7c0-3.15-2.56-5.69-5.7-5.69v.01zM7 .98c3.86 0 7 3.14 7 7s-3.14 7-7 7-7-3.12-7-7 3.14-7 7-7z"></path></svg></span>note</div><div class="admonitionContent_S0QG"><p>Although Rancher 1.6 supported Docker Swarm clustering technology, it is no longer supported in Rancher 2.x due to the success of Kubernetes.</p></div></div><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="about-kubernetes">About Kubernetes<a href="#about-kubernetes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to About Kubernetes" title="Direct link to About Kubernetes"></a></h2><p>Kubernetes is the container cluster management standard. YAML files specify containers and other resources that form an application. Kubernetes performs functions such as scheduling, scaling, service discovery, health check, secret management, and configuration management.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster">What is a Kubernetes Cluster?<a href="#what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to What is a Kubernetes Cluster?" title="Direct link to What is a Kubernetes Cluster?"></a></h2><p>A cluster is a group of computers that work together as a single system.</p><p>A <em>Kubernetes Cluster</em> is a cluster that uses the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kubernetes container-orchestration system</a> to deploy, maintain, and scale Docker containers, allowing your organization to automate application operations.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="roles-for-nodes-in-kubernetes-clusters">Roles for Nodes in Kubernetes Clusters<a href="#roles-for-nodes-in-kubernetes-clusters" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Roles for Nodes in Kubernetes Clusters" title="Direct link to Roles for Nodes in Kubernetes Clusters"></a></h2><p>Each computing resource in a Kubernetes cluster is called a <em>node</em>. Nodes can be either bare-metal servers or virtual machines. Kubernetes classifies nodes into three types: <em>etcd</em> nodes, <em>control plane</em> nodes, and <em>worker</em> nodes.</p><p>A Kubernetes cluster consists of at least one etcd, controlplane, and worker node.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="etcd-nodes">etcd Nodes<a href="#etcd-nodes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to etcd Nodes" title="Direct link to etcd Nodes"></a></h3><p>Rancher uses etcd as a data store in both single node and high-availability installations. In Kubernetes, etcd is also a role for nodes that store the cluster state.</p><p>The state of a Kubernetes cluster is maintained in <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/components/#etcd" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">etcd.</a> The etcd nodes run the etcd database.</p><p>The etcd database component is a distributed key-value store used as Kubernetes storage for all cluster data, such as cluster coordination and state management. It is recommended to run etcd on multiple nodes so that there's always a backup available for failover.</p><p>Although you can run etcd on just one node, etcd requires a majority of nodes, a quorum, to agree on updates to the cluster state. The cluster should always contain enough healthy etcd nodes to form a quorum. For a cluster with n members, a quorum is (n/2)+1. For any odd-sized cluster, adding one node will always increase the number of nodes necessary for a quorum.</p><p>Three etcd nodes is generally sufficient for smaller clusters and five etcd nodes for large clusters.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="controlplane-nodes">Controlplane Nodes<a href="#controlplane-nodes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Controlplane Nodes" title="Direct link to Controlplane Nodes"></a></h3><p>Controlplane nodes run the Kubernetes API server, scheduler, and controller manager. These nodes take care of routine tasks to ensure that your cluster maintains your configuration. Because all cluster data is stored on your etcd nodes, control plane nodes are stateless. You can run control plane on a single node, although three or more nodes are recommended for redundancy. Additionally, a single node can share the control plane and etcd roles.</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="worker-nodes">Worker Nodes<a href="#worker-nodes" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Worker Nodes" title="Direct link to Worker Nodes"></a></h3><p>Each <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">worker node</a> runs the following:</p><ul><li><strong>Kubelets:</strong> An agent that monitors the state of the node, ensuring your containers are healthy.</li><li><strong>Workloads:</strong> The containers and pods that hold your apps, as well as other types of deployments.</li></ul><p>Worker nodes also run storage and networking drivers, and ingress controllers when required. You create as many worker nodes as necessary to run your <a href="/v2.6/how-to-guides/new-user-guides/kubernetes-resources-setup/workloads-and-pods">workloads</a>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="about-helm">About Helm<a href="#about-helm" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to About Helm" title="Direct link to About Helm"></a></h2><p>For high-availability installations of Rancher, Helm is the tool used to install Rancher on a Kubernetes cluster.</p><p>Helm is the package management tool of choice for Kubernetes. Helm charts provide templating syntax for Kubernetes YAML manifest documents. With Helm we can create configurable deployments instead of just using static files. For more information about creating your own catalog of deployments, check out the docs at <a href="https://helm.sh" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://helm.sh/</a>.</p><p>For more information on service accounts and cluster role binding, refer to the <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kubernetes documentation.</a></p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/rancher/rancher-docs/edit/main/versioned_docs/version-2.6/reference-guides/kubernetes-concepts.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2024-01-11T23:39:11.000Z">Jan 11, 2024</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/v2.6/reference-guides/backup-restore-configuration/examples"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Backup and Restore Examples</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/v2.6/reference-guides/monitoring-v2-configuration"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Monitoring Configuration Reference</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#about-docker" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">About Docker</a></li><li><a href="#about-kubernetes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">About Kubernetes</a></li><li><a href="#what-is-a-kubernetes-cluster" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">What is a Kubernetes Cluster?</a></li><li><a href="#roles-for-nodes-in-kubernetes-clusters" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Roles for Nodes in Kubernetes Clusters</a><ul><li><a href="#etcd-nodes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">etcd Nodes</a></li><li><a href="#controlplane-nodes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Controlplane Nodes</a></li><li><a href="#worker-nodes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Worker Nodes</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#about-helm" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">About Helm</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2024 SUSE Rancher. 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