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itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="主页面" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/zh/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">开始使用</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">安装和升级</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><span class="theme-doc-version-badge badge badge--secondary">版本：Latest</span><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">本页总览</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>安装/升级 Rancher</h1></header><p>本节介绍了 Rancher 各种安装方式以及每个安装方式的优点。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="名词解释">名词解释<a href="#名词解释" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h2><p>本章节涉及以下名词：</p><ul><li><strong>Rancher Server</strong>：用于管理和配置 Kubernetes 集群。你可以通过 Rancher Server 的 UI 与下游 Kubernetes 集群进行交互。Rancher Management Server 可以安装到任意 Kubernetes 集群上，包括托管的集群，如 Amazon EKS 集群。</li><li><strong>RKE（Rancher Kubernetes Engine）</strong>：是经过认证的 Kubernetes 发行版，也是用于创建和管理 Kubernetes 集群的 CLI 工具和库。</li><li><strong>K3s（轻量级 Kubernetes）</strong>：也是经过认证的 Kubernetes 发行版。它比 RKE 更新，更易用且更轻量，其所有组件都在一个小于 100 MB 的二进制文件中。</li><li><strong>RKE2</strong>：一个完全合规的 Kubernetes 发行版，专注于安全和合规性。</li></ul><p><code>restrictedAdmin</code> Helm Chart 选项在 <strong>Rancher Server</strong> 可用。如果该选项设置为 true，初始的 Rancher 用户访问本地 Kubernetes 集群会受到限制，以避免权限升级。详情请参见 <a href="/zh/how-to-guides/new-user-guides/authentication-permissions-and-global-configuration/manage-role-based-access-control-rbac/global-permissions#%E5%8F%97%E9%99%90%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98">restricted-admin 角色</a>。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="安装方式概述">安装方式概述<a href="#安装方式概述" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h2><p>Rancher 可以安装在以下主要架构上：</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="使用-helm-cli-安装的高可用-kubernetes">使用 Helm CLI 安装的高可用 Kubernetes<a href="#使用-helm-cli-安装的高可用-kubernetes" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>我们建议使用 Kubernetes 包管理器 Helm 在专用的 Kubernetes 集群上安装 Rancher。在 RKE 集群中，需要使用三个节点才能实现高可用集群。在 K3s 集群中，只需要两个节点即可。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="通过-aws-marketplace-在-eks-上安装-rancher">通过 AWS Marketplace 在 EKS 上安装 Rancher<a href="#通过-aws-marketplace-在-eks-上安装-rancher" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>你可以<a href="/zh/getting-started/quick-start-guides/deploy-rancher-manager/aws-marketplace">通过 AWS Marketplace</a> 将 Rancher 安装到 Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) 上。部署的 EKS 集群已生产就绪，并遵循 AWS 最佳实践。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="单节点-kubernetes-安装">单节点 Kubernetes 安装<a href="#单节点-kubernetes-安装" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>Rancher 可以安装在单节点 Kubernetes 集群上。但是，在单节点安装的情况下，Rancher Server 没有高可用性。而高可用性对在生产环境中运行 Rancher 非常重要。</p><p>但是，如果你想要短期内使用单节点节省资源，同时又保留高可用性迁移路径，那么单节点 Kubernetes 安装也是合适的。你也可以之后向集群中添加节点，获得高可用的 Rancher Server。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="docker-安装">Docker 安装<a href="#docker-安装" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>如果你的目的是测试或演示，你可以使用 Docker 把 Rancher 安装到单个节点中。本地 Kubernetes 集群是安装到单个 Docker 容器中的，而 Rancher 是安装到本地集群中的。</p><p>Rancher backup operator 可将 Rancher 从单个 Docker 容器迁移到高可用 Kubernetes 集群上。详情请参见<a href="/zh/how-to-guides/new-user-guides/backup-restore-and-disaster-recovery/migrate-rancher-to-new-cluster">把 Rancher 迁移到新集群</a>。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="其他方式">其他方式<a href="#其他方式" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>如果你需要在离线环境中或使用 HTTP 代理安装 Rancher，请参见以下独立的说明文档：</p><table><thead><tr><th>网络访问方式</th><th>基于 Kubernetes 安装（推荐）</th><th>基于 Docker 安装</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>可直接访问互联网</td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/install-upgrade-on-a-kubernetes-cluster">文档</a></td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/rancher-on-a-single-node-with-docker">文档</a></td></tr><tr><td>使用 HTTP 代理</td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/rancher-behind-an-http-proxy">文档</a></td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/rancher-on-a-single-node-with-docker">文档</a>及<a href="/zh/reference-guides/single-node-rancher-in-docker/http-proxy-configuration">配置</a></td></tr><tr><td>离线环境</td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/air-gapped-helm-cli-install">文档</a></td><td><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/air-gapped-helm-cli-install">文档</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>我们建议在 Kubernetes 集群上安装 Rancher，因为在多节点集群中，Rancher Server 可以实现高可用。高可用配置可以提升 Rancher 访问其管理的下游 Kubernetes 集群的稳定性。</p><p>因此，我们建议在生产级别的架构中，设置一个高可用的 Kubernetes 集群，然后在这个集群上安装 Rancher。安装 Rancher 后，你可以使用 Rancher 部署和管理 Kubernetes 集群。</p><p>如果你的目的是测试或演示，你可以将 Rancher 安装到单个 Docker 容器中。Docker 安装可以让你实现开箱即用，以使用 Rancher 设置 Kubernetes 集群。Docker 安装主要是用于探索 Rancher Server 的功能，只适用于开发和测试。</p><p><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/install-upgrade-on-a-kubernetes-cluster">在 Kubernetes 上安装 Rancher 的说明</a>介绍了如何首先使用 K3s 或 RKE 创建和管理 Kubernetes 集群，然后再将 Rancher 安装到该集群上。</p><p>如果 Kubernetes 集群中的节点正在运行且满足<a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-requirements">节点要求</a>，你可以使用 Helm 将 Rancher 部署到 Kubernetes 上。Helm 使用 Rancher 的 Helm Chart 在 Kubernetes 集群的每个节点上安装 Rancher 的副本。我们建议使用负载均衡器将流量定向到集群中的每个 Rancher 副本上。</p><p>如需进一步了解 Rancher 架构，请参见<a href="/zh/reference-guides/rancher-manager-architecture">架构概述</a>，<a href="/zh/reference-guides/rancher-manager-architecture/architecture-recommendations">生产级别架构推荐</a>或<a href="/zh/reference-guides/best-practices/rancher-server/tips-for-running-rancher">最佳实践指南</a>。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="先决条件">先决条件<a href="#先决条件" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h2><p>安装 Rancher 之前，请确保你的节点满足所有<a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-requirements">安装要求</a>。</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="架构建议">架构建议<a href="#架构建议" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h2><p>为了达到最佳性能和安全性，我们建议你为 Rancher Management Server 使用单独的专用 Kubernetes 集群。不建议在此集群上运行用户工作负载。部署 Rancher 后，你可以<a href="/zh/how-to-guides/new-user-guides/kubernetes-clusters-in-rancher-setup">创建或导入集群</a>来运行你的工作负载。</p><p>详情请参见<a href="/zh/reference-guides/rancher-manager-architecture/architecture-recommendations">架构推荐</a>。</p><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="在-kubernetes-上安装-rancher-的更多选项">在 Kubernetes 上安装 Rancher 的更多选项<a href="#在-kubernetes-上安装-rancher-的更多选项" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>参见 <a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-references/helm-chart-options">Helm Chart 选项</a>以了解在 Kubernetes 集群上安装 Rancher 的其他配置，包括：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-references/helm-chart-options#api-%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97">开启 API 审计日志来记录所有事务</a></li><li><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-references/helm-chart-options#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8-tls-%E7%BB%88%E6%AD%A2">负载均衡器上的 TLS 终止</a></li><li><a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-references/helm-chart-options#%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89-ingress">自定义 Ingress</a></li></ul><p>在 Rancher 的安装指南中，我们推荐使用 K3s 或 RKE 来配置 Kubernetes 集群，然后再在这个集群中安装 Rancher。K3s 和 RKE 均提供许多配置选项，用于为你的具体环境自定义 Kubernetes 集群。有关选项和功能的完整列表，请参见：</p><ul><li><a href="https://rancher.com/docs/rke/latest/en/config-options/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RKE 配置选项</a></li><li><a href="https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/installation/install-options/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">K3s 配置选项</a></li></ul><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="在-docker-上安装-rancher-的更多选项">在 Docker 上安装 Rancher 的更多选项<a href="#在-docker-上安装-rancher-的更多选项" class="hash-link" aria-label="标题的直接链接" title="标题的直接链接"></a></h3><p>参见 <a href="/zh/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/other-installation-methods/rancher-on-a-single-node-with-docker">Docker 安装选项</a>了解其他配置，包括：</p><ul><li><a href="/zh/reference-guides/single-node-rancher-in-docker/advanced-options#api-%E5%AE%A1%E8%AE%A1%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97">开启 API 审计日志来记录所有事务</a></li><li><a href="/zh/how-to-guides/advanced-user-guides/configure-layer-7-nginx-load-balancer">外部负载均衡器</a></li><li><a href="/zh/reference-guides/single-node-rancher-in-docker/advanced-options#%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE">持久化数据存储</a></li></ul></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/rancher/rancher-docs/edit/main/docs/getting-started/installation-and-upgrade/installation-and-upgrade.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 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class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">名词解释</a></li><li><a href="#安装方式概述" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">安装方式概述</a><ul><li><a href="#使用-helm-cli-安装的高可用-kubernetes" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">使用 Helm CLI 安装的高可用 Kubernetes</a></li><li><a href="#通过-aws-marketplace-在-eks-上安装-rancher" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">通过 AWS Marketplace 在 EKS 上安装 Rancher</a></li><li><a href="#单节点-kubernetes-安装" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">单节点 Kubernetes 安装</a></li><li><a href="#docker-安装" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Docker 安装</a></li><li><a href="#其他方式" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">其他方式</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#先决条件" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">先决条件</a></li><li><a href="#架构建议" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">架构建议</a><ul><li><a href="#在-kubernetes-上安装-rancher-的更多选项" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">在 Kubernetes 上安装 Rancher 的更多选项</a></li><li><a href="#在-docker-上安装-rancher-的更多选项" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">在 Docker 上安装 Rancher 的更多选项</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2024 SUSE Rancher. 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