build(): updated build version

Merge branch 'master' of github.com:grafana/grafana
fix(): fixed panel resize and fullscreen panel height issue
2016-03-30 22:30:41 -07:00 · 2016-03-30 21:27:08 -07:00 · 2016-03-30 21:26:54 -07:00 · 2016-03-30 23:33:30 +02:00 · 2016-03-30 13:20:48 -07:00 · 2016-03-30 12:41:16 -07:00
2680 changed files with 329433 additions and 50030 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "directory": "public/vendor/"
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [run]
 init_cmds = [
-  ["go", "build", "-o", "./bin/grafana-server"],
+  ["go", "build", "-o", "./bin/grafana-server", "./pkg/cmd/grafana-server"],
 	["./bin/grafana-server"]
 ]
 watch_all = true
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ watch_dirs = [
 	"$WORKDIR/public/views",
 	"$WORKDIR/conf",
 ]
-watch_exts = [".go", ".ini"]
+watch_exts = [".go", ".ini", ".toml", ".html"]
 build_delay = 1500
 cmds = [
-  ["go", "build", "-o", "./bin/grafana-server"],
+  ["go", "build", "-o", "./bin/grafana-server", "./pkg/cmd/grafana-server"],
 	["./bin/grafana-server"]
 ]
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# http://editorconfig.org
+root = true
+
+[*.go]
+indent_style = tabs
+indent_size = 2
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 2
+charset = utf-8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Follow the setup guide in README.md
+
+### Rebuild frontend assets on source change
+```
+grunt && grunt watch
+```
+
+### Rerun tests on source change
+```
+grunt karma:dev
+```
+
+### Run tests for backend assets before commit
+```
+test -z "$(gofmt -s -l . | grep -v Godeps/_workspace/src/ | tee /dev/stderr)"
+```
+
+### Run tests for frontend assets before commit
+```
+grunt test
+godep go test -v ./pkg/...
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Thank you! For helping us make Grafana even better.
+
+To help us respond to your issues faster, please make sure to add as much information as possible.
+
+If this issue is about a plugin, please open the issue in that repository.
+
+Start your issues title with [Feature Request] / [Bug] / [Question] or no tag if your unsure.
+
+Ex
+* What grafana version are you using?
+* What datasource are you using?
+* What OS are you running grafana on?
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+* Link the PR to an issue for new features
+* Rebase your PR if it gets out of sync with master
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 node_modules
+npm-debug.log
 coverage/
 .aws-config.json
 awsconfig
 /dist
+/emails/dist
+/public_gen
+/public/vendor/npm
 /tmp
+vendor/phantomjs/phantomjs

 docs/AWS_S3_BUCKET
 docs/GIT_BRANCH
@@ -26,4 +31,10 @@ public/css/*.min.css

 conf/custom.ini
 fig.yml
-
+docker-compose.yml
+profile.cov
+/grafana
+.notouch
+/pkg/cmd/grafana-cli/grafana-cli
+/pkg/cmd/grafana-server/grafana-server
+/examples/*/dist
@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then
    echo "Some files aren't formatted, please run 'go fmt ./pkg/...' to format your source code before committing"
    exit 1
 fi
+
+
+grunt test
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  "bitwise":false,
  "curly": true,
  "eqnull": true,
-  "globalstrict": true,
+  "strict": true,
  "devel": true,
  "eqeqeq": true,
  "forin": false,
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  "supernew": true,
  "expr": true,
  "indent": 2,
-  "latedef": true,
+  "latedef": false,
  "newcap": true,
  "noarg": true,
  "noempty": true,
@@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
  "laxcomma": true,
  "sub": true,
  "unused": true,
-  "maxdepth": 5,
+  "maxdepth": 6,
  "maxlen": 140,

  "globals": {
+    "System": true,
+    "Promise": true,
    "define": true,
    "require": true,
    "Chromath": false,
    "setImmediate": true
  }
-}
+}
@@ -1,4 +1,231 @@
-# 2.0.0 (2015-04-20)
+# 3.0.0 (unrelased master branch)
+
+### New Features
+* **Playlists**: Playlists can now be persisted and started from urls, closes [#3655](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3655)
+* **Metadata**: Settings panel now shows dashboard metadata, closes [#3304](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3304)
+* **InfluxDB**: Support for policy selection in query editor, closes [#2018](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2018)
+* **Snapshots UI**: Dashboard snapshots list can be managed through UI, closes[#1984](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1984)
+* **Prometheus**: Prometheus annotation support, closes[#2883](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/2883)
+* **Cli**: New cli tool for downloading and updating plugins
+* **Annotations**: Annotations can now contain links that can be clicked (you can navigate on to annotation popovers), closes [#1588](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1588)
+* **Opentsdb**: Opentsdb 2.2 filters support, closes[#3077](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3077)
+
+### Breaking changes
+* **Plugin API**: Both datasource and panel plugin api (and plugin.json schema) have been updated, requiring an update to plugins. See [plugin api](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/blob/master/public/app/plugins/plugin_api.md) for more info.
+* **InfluxDB 0.8.x** The data source for the old version of influxdb (0.8.x) is no longer included in default builds, but can easily be installed via improved plugin system, closes [#3523](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3523)
+* **KairosDB** The data source is no longer included in default builds, but can easily be installed via improved plugin system, closes [#3524](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3524)
+* **Templating**: Templating value formats (glob/regex/pipe etc) are now handled automatically and not specified by the user, this makes variable values possible to reuse in many contexts. It can in some edge cases break existing dashboards that have template variables that do not reload on dashboard load. To fix any issue just go into template variable options and update the variable (so it's values are reloaded.).
+
+### Enhancements
+* **LDAP**: Support for nested LDAP Groups, closes [#4401](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/4401), [#3808](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3808)
+* **Sessions**: Support for memcached as session storage, closes [#3458](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3458)
+* **mysql**: Grafana now supports ssl for mysql, closes [#3584](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3584)
+* **snapshot**: Annotations are now included in snapshots, closes [#3635](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3635)
+* **Admin**: Admin can now have global overview of Grafana setup, closes [#3812](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3812)
+* **graph**: Right side legend height is now fixed at row height, closes [#1277](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1277)
+* **Table**: All content in table panel is now html escaped, closes [#3673](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3673)
+* **graph**: Template variables can now be used in TimeShift and TimeFrom, closes[#1960](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1960)
+* **Tooltip**: Optionally add milliseconds to timestamp in tool tip, closes[#2248](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2248)
+* **Opentsdb**: Support milliseconds when using openTSDB datasource, closes [#2865](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2865)
+* **Opentsdb**: Add support for annotations, closes[#664](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/664)
+
+### Bug fixes
+* **Playlist**: Fix for memory leak when running a playlist, closes [#3794](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/3794)
+* **InfluxDB**: Fix for InfluxDB and table panel when using Format As Table and having group by time, fixes [#3928](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3928)
+* **Panel Time shift**: Fix for panel time range and using dashboard times liek `Today` and `This Week`, fixes [#3941](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3941)
+* **Row repeat**: Repeated rows will now appear next to each other and not by the bottom of the dashboard, fixes [#3942](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3942)
+* **Png renderer**: Fix for phantomjs path on windows, fixes [#3657](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3657)
+
+# 2.6.1 (unrelased, 2.6.x branch)
+
+### New Features
+* **Elasticsearch**: Support for derivative unit option, closes [#3512](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3512)
+
+### Bug fixes
+* **Graph Panel**: Fixed typehead when adding series style override, closes [#3554](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3554)
+
+# 2.6.0 (2015-12-14)
+
+### New Features
+* **Elasticsearch**: Support for pipeline aggregations Moving average and derivative, closes [#2715](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2715)
+* **Elasticsearch**: Support for inline script and missing options for metrics, closes [#3500](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3500)
+* **Syslog**: Support for syslog logging, closes [#3161](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/3161)
+* **Timepicker**: Always show refresh button even with refresh rate, closes [#3498](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/3498)
+* **Login**: Make it possible to change the login hint on the login page, closes [#2571](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/2571)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+* **metric editors**: Fix for clicking typeahead auto dropdown option, fixes [#3428](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3428)
+* **influxdb**: Fixed issue showing Group By label only on first query, fixes [#3453](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3453)
+* **logging**: Add more verbose info logging for http reqeusts, closes [#3405](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/3405)
+
+# 2.6.0-Beta1 (2015-12-04)
+
+### New Table Panel
+* **table**:  New powerful and flexible table panel, closes [#215](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/215)
+
+### Enhancements
+* **CloudWatch**: Support for multiple AWS Credentials, closes [#3053](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3053), [#3080](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3080)
+* **Elasticsearch**: Support for dynamic daily indices for annotations, closes [#3061](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3061)
+* **Elasticsearch**: Support for setting min_doc_count for date histogram, closes [#3416](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3416)
+* **Graph Panel**: Option to hide series with all zeroes from legend and tooltip, closes [#1381](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1381), [#3336](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3336)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+* **cloudwatch**: fix for handling of period for long time ranges, fixes [#3086](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3086)
+* **dashboard**: fix for collapse row by clicking on row title, fixes [#3065](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3065)
+* **influxdb**: fix for relative time ranges `last x months` and `last x years`, fixes [#3067](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3067)
+* **graph**: layout fix for color picker when right side legend was enabled, fixes [#3093](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3093)
+* **elasticsearch**: disabling elastic query (via eye) caused error, fixes [#3300](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/3300)
+
+### Breaking changes
+* **elasticsearch**: Manual json edited queries are not supported any more (They very barely worked in 2.5)
+
+# 2.5 (2015-10-28)
+
+**New Feature: Mix data sources**
+- A built in data source is now available named `-- Mixed --`, When picked in the metrics tab,
+it allows you to add queries of differnet data source types & instances to the same graph/panel!
+[Issue #436](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/436)
+
+**New Feature: Elasticsearch Metrics Query Editor and Viz Support**
+- Feature rich query editor and processing features enables you to issues all kind of metric queries to Elasticsearch
+- See [Issue #1034](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1034) for more info.
+
+**New Feature: New and much improved time picker**
+- Support for quick ranges like `Today`, `This day last week`, `This week`, `The day so far`, etc.
+- Improved UI and improved support for UTC, [Issue #2761](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2761) for more info.
+
+**User Onboarding**
+- Org admin can now send email invites (or invite links) to people who are not yet Grafana users
+- Sign up flow now supports email verification (if enabled)
+- See [Issue #2353](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2353) for more info.
+
+**Other new Features && Enhancements**
+- [Pull  #2720](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/pull/2720). Admin: Initial basic quota support (per Org)
+- [Issue #2577](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2577). Panel: Resize handles in panel bottom right corners for easy width and height change
+- [Issue #2457](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2457). Admin: admin page for all grafana organizations (list / edit view)
+- [Issue #1186](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1186). Time Picker: New option `today`, will set time range from midnight to now
+- [Issue #2647](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2647). InfluxDB: You can now set group by time interval on each query
+- [Issue #2599](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2599). InfluxDB: Improved alias support, you can now use the `AS` clause for each select statement
+- [Issue #2708](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2708). InfluxDB: You can now set math expression for select clauses.
+- [Issue #1575](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1575). Drilldown link: now you can click on the external link icon in the panel header to access drilldown links!
+- [Issue #1646](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1646). OpenTSDB: Fetch list of aggregators from OpenTSDB
+- [Issue #2955](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2955). Graph: More axis units (Length, Volume, Temperature, Pressure, etc), thanks @greglook
+- [Issue #2928](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2928). LDAP: Support for searching for groups memberships, i.e. POSIX (no memberOf) schemas, also multiple ldap servers, and root ca cert, thanks @abligh
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #2413](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2413). InfluxDB 0.9: Fix for handling empty series object in response from influxdb
+- [Issue #2574](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2574). Snapshot: Fix for snapshot with expire 7 days option, 7 days option not correct, was 7 hours
+- [Issue #2568](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2568). AuthProxy: Fix for server side rendering of panel when using auth proxy
+- [Issue #2490](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2490). Graphite: Dashboard import was broken in 2.1 and 2.1.1, working now
+- [Issue #2565](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2565). TimePicker: Fix for when you applied custom time range it did not refreh dashboard
+- [Issue #2563](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2563). Annotations: Fixed issue when html sanitizer failes for title to annotation body, now fallbacks to html escaping title and text
+- [Issue #2564](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2564). Templating: Another atempt at fixing #2534 (Init multi value template var used in repeat panel from url)
+- [Issue #2620](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2620). Graph: multi series tooltip did no highlight correct point when stacking was enabled and series were of different resolution
+- [Issue #2636](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2636). InfluxDB: Do no show template vars in dropdown for tag keys and group by keys
+- [Issue #2604](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2604). InfluxDB: More alias options, can now use `$[0-9]` syntax to reference part of a measurement name (seperated by dots)
+
+**Breaking Changes**
+- Notice to makers/users of custom data sources, there is a minor breaking change in 2.2 that
+require an update to custom data sources for them to work in 2.2. [Read this doc](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/tree/master/docs/sources/datasources/plugin_api.md) for more on the
+data source api change.
+- Data source api changes, [PLUGIN_CHANGES.md](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/blob/master/public/app/plugins/PLUGIN_CHANGES.md)
+- The duplicate query function used in data source editors is changed, and moveMetricQuery function was renamed
+
+**Tech (Note for devs)**
+Started using Typescript (transpiled to ES5), uncompiled typescript files and less files are in public folder (in source tree)
+This folder is never modified by build steps. Compiled css and javascript files are put in public_gen, all other files
+that do not undergo transformation are just copied from public to public_gen, it is public_gen that is used by grafana-server
+if it is found.
+
+Grunt & Watch tasks:
+- `grunt` : default task, will remove public_gen, copy over all files from public, do less & typescript compilation
+- `grunt watch`: will watch for changes to less, and typescript files and compile them to public_gen, and for other files it will just copy them to public_gen
+
+
+# 2.1.3 (2015-08-24)
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #2580](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2580). Packaging: ldap.toml was not marked as config file and could be overwritten in upgrade
+- [Issue #2564](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2564). Templating: Another atempt at fixing #2534 (Init multi value template var used in repeat panel from url)
+
+# 2.1.2 (2015-08-20)
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #2558](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2558). DragDrop: Fix for broken drag drop behavior
+- [Issue #2534](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2534). Templating: fix for setting template variable value via url and having repeated panels or rows
+
+# 2.1.1 (2015-08-11)
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #2443](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2443). Templating: Fix for buggy repeat row behavior when combined with with repeat panel due to recent change before 2.1 release
+- [Issue #2442](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2442). Templating: Fix text panel when using template variables in text in in repeated panel
+- [Issue #2446](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2446). InfluxDB: Fix for using template vars inside alias field (InfluxDB 0.9)
+- [Issue #2460](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2460). SinglestatPanel: Fix to handle series with no data points
+- [Issue #2461](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2461). LDAP: Fix for ldap users with empty email address
+- [Issue #2484](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2484). Graphite: Fix bug when using series ref (#A-Z) and referenced series is hidden in query editor.
+- [Issue #1896](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1896). Postgres: Dashboard search is now case insensitive when using Postgres
+
+**Enhancements**
+- [Issue #2477](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2477). InfluxDB(0.9): Added more condition operators (`<`, `>`, `<>`, `!~`), thx @thuck
+- [Issue #2483](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2484). InfluxDB(0.9): Use $col as option in alias patterns, thx @thuck
+
+# 2.1.0 (2015-08-04)
+
+**Data sources**
+- [Issue #1525](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1525). InfluxDB: Full support for InfluxDB 0.9 with new adapted query editor
+- [Issue #2191](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2191). KariosDB: Grafana now ships with a KariosDB data source plugin, thx @masaori335
+- [Issue #1177](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1177). OpenTSDB: Limit tags by metric, OpenTSDB config option tsd.core.meta.enable_realtime_ts must enabled for OpenTSDB lookup api
+- [Issue #1250](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1250). OpenTSDB: Support for template variable values lookup queries
+
+**New dashboard features**
+- [Issue #1144](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1144). Templating: You can now select multiple template variables values at the same time.
+- [Issue #1922](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1922). Templating: Specify multiple variable values via URL params.
+- [Issue #1888](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1144). Templating: Repeat panel or row for each selected template variable value
+- [Issue #1888](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1944). Dashboard: Custom Navigation links & dynamic links to related dashboards
+- [Issue #590](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/590).   Graph: Define series color using regex rule
+- [Issue #2162](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2162). Graph: New series style override, negative-y transform and stack groups
+- [Issue #2096](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2096). Dashboard list panel: Now supports search by multiple tags
+- [Issue #2203](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2203). Singlestat: Now support string values
+
+**User or Organization admin**
+- [Issue #1899](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1899). Organization: You can now update the organization user role directly (without removing and readding the organization user).
+- [Issue #2088](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2088). Roles: New user role `Read Only Editor` that replaces the old `Viewer` role behavior
+
+**Backend**
+- [Issue #2218](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2218). Auth: You can now authenicate against api with username / password using basic auth
+- [Issue #2095](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2095). Search: Search now supports filtering by multiple dashboard tags
+- [Issue #1905](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1905). Github OAuth: You can now configure a Github team membership requirement, thx @dewski
+- [Issue #2052](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2052). Github OAuth: You can now configure a Github organization requirement, thx @indrekj
+- [Issue #1891](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1891). Security: New config option to disable the use of gravatar for profile images
+- [Issue #1921](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1921). Auth: Support for user authentication via reverse proxy header (like X-Authenticated-User, or X-WEBAUTH-USER)
+- [Issue #960](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/960).   Search: Backend can now index a folder with json files, will be available in search (saving back to folder is not supported, this feature is meant for static generated json dashboards)
+
+**Breaking changes**
+- [Issue #1826](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1826). User role 'Viewer' are now prohibited from entering edit mode (and doing other transient dashboard edits). A new role `Read Only Editor` will replace the old Viewer behavior
+- [Issue #1928](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1928). HTTP API: GET /api/dashboards/db/:slug response changed property `model` to `dashboard` to match the POST request nameing
+- Backend render URL changed from `/render/dashboard/solo` `render/dashboard-solo/` (in order to have consistent dashboard url `/dashboard/:type/:slug`)
+- Search HTTP API response has changed (simplified), tags list moved to seperate HTTP resource URI
+- Datasource HTTP api breaking change, ADD datasource is now POST /api/datasources/, update is now PUT /api/datasources/:id
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #2185](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2185). Graph: fixed PNG rendering of panels with legend table to the right
+- [Issue #2163](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/2163). Backend: Load dashboards with capital letters in the dashboard url slug (url id)
+
+# 2.0.3 (unreleased - 2.0.x branch)
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #1872](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1872). Firefox/IE issue, invisible text in dashboard search fixed
+- [Issue #1857](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1857). /api/login/ping Fix for issue when behind reverse proxy and subpath
+- [Issue #1863](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1863). MySQL: Dashboard.data column type changed to mediumtext (sql migration added)
+
+# 2.0.2 (2015-04-22)
+
+**Fixes**
+- [Issue #1832](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1832). Graph Panel + Legend Table mode: Many series casued zero height graph, now legend will never reduce the height of the graph below 50% of row height.
+- [Issue #1846](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1846). Snapshots: Fixed issue with snapshoting dashboards with an interval template variable
+- [Issue #1848](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1848). Panel timeshift: You can now use panel timeshift without a relative time override
+
+# 2.0.1 (2015-04-20)

 **Fixes**
 - [Issue #1784](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1784). Data source proxy: Fixed issue with using data source proxy when grafana is behind nginx suburl
@@ -47,6 +274,10 @@

 # 2.0.0-Beta1 (2015-03-30)

+**Important Note**
+
+Grafana 2.x is fundamentally different from 1.x; it now ships with an integrated backend server. Please read the [Documentation](http://docs.grafana.org) for more detailed about this SIGNIFCANT change to Grafana
+
 **New features**
 - [Issue #1623](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1623). Share Dashboard: Dashboard snapshot sharing (dash and data snapshot), save to local or save to public snapshot dashboard snapshots.raintank.io site
 - [Issue #1622](https://github.com/grafana/grafana/issues/1622). Share Panel: The share modal now has an embed option, gives you an iframe that you can use to embedd a single graph on another web site
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-If you have any idea for an improvement or found a bug do not hesitate to open an issue.
-And if you have time clone this repo and submit a pull request and help me make Grafana the
-kickass metrics & devops dashboard we all dream about!
-
-Prerequisites:
- - Nodejs (for jshint & grunt & development server)
-
-Clone repository:
-
-    npm install
-    grunt server (starts development web server in src folder)
-    grunt (runs jshint and less -> css compilation)
-
-Please remember to run grunt before doing pull request to verify that your code passes all the jshint validations.
@@ -1,62 +1,312 @@
 {
 	"ImportPath": "github.com/grafana/grafana",
-	"GoVersion": "go1.4.2",
+	"GoVersion": "go1.5.1",
+	"GodepVersion": "v60",
 	"Packages": [
 		"./pkg/..."
 	],
 	"Deps": [
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/BurntSushi/toml",
+			"Comment": "v0.1.0-21-g056c9bc",
+			"Rev": "056c9bc7be7190eaa7715723883caffa5f8fa3e4"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/Unknwon/com",
 			"Rev": "d9bcf409c8a368d06c9b347705c381e7c12d54df"
 		},
 		{
-			"ImportPath": "github.com/Unknwon/macaron",
-			"Rev": "93de4f3fad97bf246b838f828e2348f46f21f20a"
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awsutil",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client/metadata",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/corehandlers",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials/ec2rolecreds",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/defaults",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/ec2metadata",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/endpoints",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/ec2query",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/query",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/query/queryutil",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/rest",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/protocol/xml/xmlutil",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/signer/v4",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/waiter",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/cloudwatch",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/ec2",
+			"Comment": "v1.0.0",
+			"Rev": "abb928e07c4108683d6b4d0b6ca08fe6bc0eee5f"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/bmizerany/assert",
+			"Comment": "release.r60-6-ge17e998",
+			"Rev": "e17e99893cb6509f428e1728281c2ad60a6b31e3"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/bradfitz/gomemcache/memcache",
+			"Comment": "release.r60-40-g72a6864",
+			"Rev": "72a68649ba712ee7c4b5b4a943a626bcd7d90eb8"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/codegangsta/cli",
+			"Comment": "1.2.0-187-gc31a797",
+			"Rev": "c31a7975863e7810c92e2e288a9ab074f9a88f29"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew",
+			"Rev": "2df174808ee097f90d259e432cc04442cf60be21"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/fatih/color",
+			"Comment": "v0.1-16-g4f7bcef",
+			"Rev": "4f7bcef27eec7925456d0c30c5e7b0408b3339be"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/franela/goreq",
+			"Rev": "3ddeded65be21dacb5a2e2d0b95af9ff6862a2b5"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-ini/ini",
+			"Comment": "v0-48-g060d7da",
+			"Rev": "060d7da055ba6ec5ea7a31f116332fe5efa04ce0"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-ldap/ldap",
+			"Comment": "v2.2.1",
+			"Rev": "07a7330929b9ee80495c88a4439657d89c7dbd87"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/binding",
+			"Rev": "2502aaf4bce3a4e6451b4610847bfb8dffdb6266"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/gzip",
+			"Rev": "4938e9be6b279d8426cb1c89a6bcf7af70b0c21d"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/inject",
+			"Rev": "c5ab7bf3a307593cd44cb272d1a5beea473dd072"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/session",
+			"Rev": "66031fcb37a0fff002a1f028eb0b3a815c78306b"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/session/memcache",
+			"Rev": "66031fcb37a0fff002a1f028eb0b3a815c78306b"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/session/mysql",
+			"Rev": "66031fcb37a0fff002a1f028eb0b3a815c78306b"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/session/postgres",
+			"Rev": "66031fcb37a0fff002a1f028eb0b3a815c78306b"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-macaron/session/redis",
+			"Rev": "66031fcb37a0fff002a1f028eb0b3a815c78306b"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql",
-			"Comment": "v1.2-26-g9543750",
-			"Rev": "9543750295406ef070f7de8ae9c43ccddd44e15e"
+			"Comment": "v1.2-171-g267b128",
+			"Rev": "267b128680c46286b9ca13475c3cca5de8f79bd7"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-xorm/core",
-			"Rev": "be6e7ac47dc57bd0ada25322fa526944f66ccaa6"
+			"Comment": "v0.4.4-7-g9e608f7",
+			"Rev": "9e608f7330b9d16fe2818cfe731128b3f156cb9a"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/go-xorm/xorm",
-			"Comment": "v0.4.2-58-ge2889e5",
-			"Rev": "e2889e5517600b82905f1d2ba8b70deb71823ffe"
+			"Comment": "v0.4.4-44-gf561133",
+			"Rev": "f56113384f2c63dfe4cd8e768e349f1c35122b58"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/gorilla/websocket",
+			"Rev": "c45a635370221f34fea2d5163fd156fcb4e38e8a"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/gosimple/slug",
-			"Rev": "a2392a4a87fa0366cbff131d3fd421f83f52492f"
+			"Rev": "8d258463b4459f161f51d6a357edacd3eef9d663"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/hashicorp/go-version",
+			"Rev": "7e3c02b30806fa5779d3bdfc152ce4c6f40e7b38"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath",
+			"Comment": "0.2.2",
+			"Rev": "3433f3ea46d9f8019119e7dd41274e112a2359a9"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/jtolds/gls",
 			"Rev": "f1ac7f4f24f50328e6bc838ca4437d1612a0243c"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/klauspost/compress/flate",
+			"Rev": "7b02889a2005228347aef0e76beeaee564d82f8c"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/klauspost/compress/gzip",
+			"Rev": "7b02889a2005228347aef0e76beeaee564d82f8c"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/klauspost/cpuid",
+			"Rev": "349c675778172472f5e8f3a3e0fe187e302e5a10"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/klauspost/crc32",
+			"Rev": "6834731faf32e62a2dd809d99fb24d1e4ae5a92d"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/kr/pretty",
+			"Comment": "go.weekly.2011-12-22-27-ge6ac2fc",
+			"Rev": "e6ac2fc51e89a3249e82157fa0bb7a18ef9dd5bb"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/kr/text",
+			"Rev": "bb797dc4fb8320488f47bf11de07a733d7233e1f"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/lib/pq",
 			"Comment": "go1.0-cutoff-13-g19eeca3",
 			"Rev": "19eeca3e30d2577b1761db471ec130810e67f532"
 		},
 		{
-			"ImportPath": "github.com/macaron-contrib/binding",
-			"Rev": "0fbe4b9707e6eb556ef843e5471592f55ce0a5e7"
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/lib/pq/oid",
+			"Comment": "go1.0-cutoff-13-g19eeca3",
+			"Rev": "19eeca3e30d2577b1761db471ec130810e67f532"
 		},
 		{
-			"ImportPath": "github.com/macaron-contrib/session",
-			"Rev": "31e841d95c7302b9ac456c830ea2d6dfcef4f84a"
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/mattn/go-colorable",
+			"Rev": "9cbef7c35391cca05f15f8181dc0b18bc9736dbb"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/mattn/go-isatty",
+			"Rev": "56b76bdf51f7708750eac80fa38b952bb9f32639"
 		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3",
 			"Rev": "e28cd440fabdd39b9520344bc26829f61db40ece"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/rainycape/unidecode",
+			"Rev": "836ef0a715aedf08a12d595ed73ec8ed5b288cac"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey",
 			"Comment": "1.5.0-356-gfbc0a1c",
 			"Rev": "fbc0a1c888f9f96263f9a559d1769905245f1123"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey/assertions",
+			"Comment": "1.5.0-356-gfbc0a1c",
+			"Rev": "fbc0a1c888f9f96263f9a559d1769905245f1123"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey/assertions/oglematchers",
+			"Comment": "1.5.0-356-gfbc0a1c",
+			"Rev": "fbc0a1c888f9f96263f9a559d1769905245f1123"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey/gotest",
+			"Comment": "1.5.0-356-gfbc0a1c",
+			"Rev": "fbc0a1c888f9f96263f9a559d1769905245f1123"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey/reporting",
+			"Comment": "1.5.0-356-gfbc0a1c",
+			"Rev": "fbc0a1c888f9f96263f9a559d1769905245f1123"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "github.com/streadway/amqp",
 			"Rev": "150b7f24d6ad507e6026c13d85ce1f1391ac7400"
@@ -69,6 +319,15 @@
 			"ImportPath": "golang.org/x/oauth2",
 			"Rev": "c58fcf0ffc1c772aa2e1ee4894bc19f2649263b2"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "golang.org/x/sys/unix",
+			"Rev": "7a56174f0086b32866ebd746a794417edbc678a1"
+		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/asn1-ber.v1",
+			"Comment": "v1",
+			"Rev": "9eae18c3681ae3d3c677ac2b80a8fe57de45fc09"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/bufio.v1",
 			"Comment": "v1",
@@ -79,18 +338,14 @@
 			"Comment": "v0-16-g1772191",
 			"Rev": "177219109c97e7920c933e21c9b25f874357b237"
 		},
+		{
+			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/macaron.v1",
+			"Rev": "1c6dd87797ae9319b4658cbd48d1d0420b279fd5"
+		},
 		{
 			"ImportPath": "gopkg.in/redis.v2",
 			"Comment": "v2.3.2",
 			"Rev": "e6179049628164864e6e84e973cfb56335748dea"
-		},
-		{
-			"ImportPath": "gopkgs.com/pool.v1",
-			"Rev": "c850f092aad1780cbffff25f471c5cc32097932a"
-		},
-		{
-			"ImportPath": "gopkgs.com/unidecode.v1",
-			"Rev": "4deae2c05236b41cc39f8144ac87a837ba974d40"
 		}
 	]
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+TAGS
+tags
+.*.swp
+tomlcheck/tomlcheck
+toml.test
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+language: go
+go:
+  - 1.1
+  - 1.2
+  - tip
+install:
+  - go install ./...
+  - go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test
+script:
+  - export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/gopath/bin"
+  - make test
+
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Compatible with TOML version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/mojombo/toml/blob/master/versions/toml-v0.2.0.md)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+                    Version 2, December 2004
+
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified
+ copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long
+ as the name is changed.
+
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+install:
+	go install ./...
+
+test: install
+	go test -v
+	toml-test toml-test-decoder
+	toml-test -encoder toml-test-encoder
+
+fmt:
+	gofmt -w *.go */*.go
+	colcheck *.go */*.go
+
+tags:
+	find ./ -name '*.go' -print0 | xargs -0 gotags > TAGS
+
+push:
+	git push origin master
+	git push github master
+
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+## TOML parser and encoder for Go with reflection
+
+TOML stands for Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language. This Go package provides a
+reflection interface similar to Go's standard library `json` and `xml` 
+packages. This package also supports the `encoding.TextUnmarshaler` and
+`encoding.TextMarshaler` interfaces so that you can define custom data 
+representations. (There is an example of this below.)
+
+Spec: https://github.com/mojombo/toml
+
+Compatible with TOML version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/blob/master/versions/en/toml-v0.2.0.md)
+
+Documentation: http://godoc.org/github.com/BurntSushi/toml
+
+Installation:
+
+```bash
+go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml
+```
+
+Try the toml validator:
+
+```bash
+go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml/cmd/tomlv
+tomlv some-toml-file.toml
+```
+
+[![Build status](https://api.travis-ci.org/BurntSushi/toml.png)](https://travis-ci.org/BurntSushi/toml)
+
+
+### Testing
+
+This package passes all tests in
+[toml-test](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test) for both the decoder
+and the encoder.
+
+### Examples
+
+This package works similarly to how the Go standard library handles `XML`
+and `JSON`. Namely, data is loaded into Go values via reflection.
+
+For the simplest example, consider some TOML file as just a list of keys
+and values:
+
+```toml
+Age = 25
+Cats = [ "Cauchy", "Plato" ]
+Pi = 3.14
+Perfection = [ 6, 28, 496, 8128 ]
+DOB = 1987-07-05T05:45:00Z
+```
+
+Which could be defined in Go as:
+
+```go
+type Config struct {
+  Age int
+  Cats []string
+  Pi float64
+  Perfection []int
+  DOB time.Time // requires `import time`
+}
+```
+
+And then decoded with:
+
+```go
+var conf Config
+if _, err := toml.Decode(tomlData, &conf); err != nil {
+  // handle error
+}
+```
+
+You can also use struct tags if your struct field name doesn't map to a TOML
+key value directly:
+
+```toml
+some_key_NAME = "wat"
+```
+
+```go
+type TOML struct {
+  ObscureKey string `toml:"some_key_NAME"`
+}
+```
+
+### Using the `encoding.TextUnmarshaler` interface
+
+Here's an example that automatically parses duration strings into 
+`time.Duration` values:
+
+```toml
+[[song]]
+name = "Thunder Road"
+duration = "4m49s"
+
+[[song]]
+name = "Stairway to Heaven"
+duration = "8m03s"
+```
+
+Which can be decoded with:
+
+```go
+type song struct {
+  Name     string
+  Duration duration
+}
+type songs struct {
+  Song []song
+}
+var favorites songs
+if _, err := toml.Decode(blob, &favorites); err != nil {
+  log.Fatal(err)
+}
+
+for _, s := range favorites.Song {
+  fmt.Printf("%s (%s)\n", s.Name, s.Duration)
+}
+```
+
+And you'll also need a `duration` type that satisfies the 
+`encoding.TextUnmarshaler` interface:
+
+```go
+type duration struct {
+	time.Duration
+}
+
+func (d *duration) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
+	var err error
+	d.Duration, err = time.ParseDuration(string(text))
+	return err
+}
+```
+
+### More complex usage
+
+Here's an example of how to load the example from the official spec page:
+
+```toml
+# This is a TOML document. Boom.
+
+title = "TOML Example"
+
+[owner]
+name = "Tom Preston-Werner"
+organization = "GitHub"
+bio = "GitHub Cofounder & CEO\nLikes tater tots and beer."
+dob = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z # First class dates? Why not?
+
+[database]
+server = "192.168.1.1"
+ports = [ 8001, 8001, 8002 ]
+connection_max = 5000
+enabled = true
+
+[servers]
+
+  # You can indent as you please. Tabs or spaces. TOML don't care.
+  [servers.alpha]
+  ip = "10.0.0.1"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+  [servers.beta]
+  ip = "10.0.0.2"
+  dc = "eqdc10"
+
+[clients]
+data = [ ["gamma", "delta"], [1, 2] ] # just an update to make sure parsers support it
+
+# Line breaks are OK when inside arrays
+hosts = [
+  "alpha",
+  "omega"
+]
+```
+
+And the corresponding Go types are:
+
+```go
+type tomlConfig struct {
+	Title string
+	Owner ownerInfo
+	DB database `toml:"database"`
+	Servers map[string]server
+	Clients clients
+}
+
+type ownerInfo struct {
+	Name string
+	Org string `toml:"organization"`
+	Bio string
+	DOB time.Time
+}
+
+type database struct {
+	Server string
+	Ports []int
+	ConnMax int `toml:"connection_max"`
+	Enabled bool
+}
+
+type server struct {
+	IP string
+	DC string
+}
+
+type clients struct {
+	Data [][]interface{}
+	Hosts []string
+}
+```
+
+Note that a case insensitive match will be tried if an exact match can't be
+found.
+
+A working example of the above can be found in `_examples/example.{go,toml}`.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+                    Version 2, December 2004
+
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified
+ copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long
+ as the name is changed.
+
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Implements the TOML test suite interface
+
+This is an implementation of the interface expected by
+[toml-test](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test) for my
+[toml parser written in Go](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml).
+In particular, it maps TOML data on `stdin` to a JSON format on `stdout`.
+
+
+Compatible with TOML version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/mojombo/toml/blob/master/versions/toml-v0.2.0.md)
+
+Compatible with `toml-test` version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test/tree/v0.2.0)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Command toml-test-decoder satisfies the toml-test interface for testing
+// TOML decoders. Namely, it accepts TOML on stdin and outputs JSON on stdout.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+}
+
+func usage() {
+	log.Printf("Usage: %s < toml-file\n", path.Base(os.Args[0]))
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if flag.NArg() != 0 {
+		flag.Usage()
+	}
+
+	var tmp interface{}
+	if _, err := toml.DecodeReader(os.Stdin, &tmp); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error decoding TOML: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	typedTmp := translate(tmp)
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout).Encode(typedTmp); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error encoding JSON: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func translate(tomlData interface{}) interface{} {
+	switch orig := tomlData.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		typed := make(map[string]interface{}, len(orig))
+		for k, v := range orig {
+			typed[k] = translate(v)
+		}
+		return typed
+	case []map[string]interface{}:
+		typed := make([]map[string]interface{}, len(orig))
+		for i, v := range orig {
+			typed[i] = translate(v).(map[string]interface{})
+		}
+		return typed
+	case []interface{}:
+		typed := make([]interface{}, len(orig))
+		for i, v := range orig {
+			typed[i] = translate(v)
+		}
+
+		// We don't really need to tag arrays, but let's be future proof.
+		// (If TOML ever supports tuples, we'll need this.)
+		return tag("array", typed)
+	case time.Time:
+		return tag("datetime", orig.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"))
+	case bool:
+		return tag("bool", fmt.Sprintf("%v", orig))
+	case int64:
+		return tag("integer", fmt.Sprintf("%d", orig))
+	case float64:
+		return tag("float", fmt.Sprintf("%v", orig))
+	case string:
+		return tag("string", orig)
+	}
+
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("Unknown type: %T", tomlData))
+}
+
+func tag(typeName string, data interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	return map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  typeName,
+		"value": data,
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+                    Version 2, December 2004
+
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified
+ copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long
+ as the name is changed.
+
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Implements the TOML test suite interface for TOML encoders
+
+This is an implementation of the interface expected by
+[toml-test](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test) for the
+[TOML encoder](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml).
+In particular, it maps JSON data on `stdin` to a TOML format on `stdout`.
+
+
+Compatible with TOML version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/mojombo/toml/blob/master/versions/toml-v0.2.0.md)
+
+Compatible with `toml-test` version
+[v0.2.0](https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test/tree/v0.2.0)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Command toml-test-encoder satisfies the toml-test interface for testing
+// TOML encoders. Namely, it accepts JSON on stdin and outputs TOML on stdout.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+}
+
+func usage() {
+	log.Printf("Usage: %s < json-file\n", path.Base(os.Args[0]))
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if flag.NArg() != 0 {
+		flag.Usage()
+	}
+
+	var tmp interface{}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(os.Stdin).Decode(&tmp); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error decoding JSON: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	tomlData := translate(tmp)
+	if err := toml.NewEncoder(os.Stdout).Encode(tomlData); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("Error encoding TOML: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func translate(typedJson interface{}) interface{} {
+	switch v := typedJson.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		if len(v) == 2 && in("type", v) && in("value", v) {
+			return untag(v)
+		}
+		m := make(map[string]interface{}, len(v))
+		for k, v2 := range v {
+			m[k] = translate(v2)
+		}
+		return m
+	case []interface{}:
+		tabArray := make([]map[string]interface{}, len(v))
+		for i := range v {
+			if m, ok := translate(v[i]).(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				tabArray[i] = m
+			} else {
+				log.Fatalf("JSON arrays may only contain objects. This " +
+					"corresponds to only tables being allowed in " +
+					"TOML table arrays.")
+			}
+		}
+		return tabArray
+	}
+	log.Fatalf("Unrecognized JSON format '%T'.", typedJson)
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+func untag(typed map[string]interface{}) interface{} {
+	t := typed["type"].(string)
+	v := typed["value"]
+	switch t {
+	case "string":
+		return v.(string)
+	case "integer":
+		v := v.(string)
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Could not parse '%s' as integer: %s", v, err)
+		}
+		return n
+	case "float":
+		v := v.(string)
+		f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(v, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Could not parse '%s' as float64: %s", v, err)
+		}
+		return f
+	case "datetime":
+		v := v.(string)
+		t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z", v)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Could not parse '%s' as a datetime: %s", v, err)
+		}
+		return t
+	case "bool":
+		v := v.(string)
+		switch v {
+		case "true":
+			return true
+		case "false":
+			return false
+		}
+		log.Fatalf("Could not parse '%s' as a boolean.", v)
+	case "array":
+		v := v.([]interface{})
+		array := make([]interface{}, len(v))
+		for i := range v {
+			if m, ok := v[i].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+				array[i] = untag(m)
+			} else {
+				log.Fatalf("Arrays may only contain other arrays or "+
+					"primitive values, but found a '%T'.", m)
+			}
+		}
+		return array
+	}
+	log.Fatalf("Unrecognized tag type '%s'.", t)
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+func in(key string, m map[string]interface{}) bool {
+	_, ok := m[key]
+	return ok
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+                    Version 2, December 2004
+
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Sam Hocevar <sam@hocevar.net>
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim or modified
+ copies of this license document, and changing it is allowed as long
+ as the name is changed.
+
+            DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO PUBLIC LICENSE
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+  0. You just DO WHAT THE FUCK YOU WANT TO.
+
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# TOML Validator
+
+If Go is installed, it's simple to try it out:
+
+```bash
+go get github.com/BurntSushi/toml/cmd/tomlv
+tomlv some-toml-file.toml
+```
+
+You can see the types of every key in a TOML file with:
+
+```bash
+tomlv -types some-toml-file.toml
+```
+
+At the moment, only one error message is reported at a time. Error messages
+include line numbers. No output means that the files given are valid TOML, or 
+there is a bug in `tomlv`.
+
+Compatible with TOML version
+[v0.1.0](https://github.com/mojombo/toml/blob/master/versions/toml-v0.1.0.md)
+
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Command tomlv validates TOML documents and prints each key's type.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+
+	"github.com/BurntSushi/toml"
+)
+
+var (
+	flagTypes = false
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+
+	flag.BoolVar(&flagTypes, "types", flagTypes,
+		"When set, the types of every defined key will be shown.")
+
+	flag.Usage = usage
+	flag.Parse()
+}
+
+func usage() {
+	log.Printf("Usage: %s toml-file [ toml-file ... ]\n",
+		path.Base(os.Args[0]))
+	flag.PrintDefaults()
+
+	os.Exit(1)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if flag.NArg() < 1 {
+		flag.Usage()
+	}
+	for _, f := range flag.Args() {
+		var tmp interface{}
+		md, err := toml.DecodeFile(f, &tmp)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("Error in '%s': %s", f, err)
+		}
+		if flagTypes {
+			printTypes(md)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func printTypes(md toml.MetaData) {
+	tabw := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	for _, key := range md.Keys() {
+		fmt.Fprintf(tabw, "%s%s\t%s\n",
+			strings.Repeat("    ", len(key)-1), key, md.Type(key...))
+	}
+	tabw.Flush()
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"math"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+var e = fmt.Errorf
+
+// Unmarshaler is the interface implemented by objects that can unmarshal a
+// TOML description of themselves.
+type Unmarshaler interface {
+	UnmarshalTOML(interface{}) error
+}
+
+// Unmarshal decodes the contents of `p` in TOML format into a pointer `v`.
+func Unmarshal(p []byte, v interface{}) error {
+	_, err := Decode(string(p), v)
+	return err
+}
+
+// Primitive is a TOML value that hasn't been decoded into a Go value.
+// When using the various `Decode*` functions, the type `Primitive` may
+// be given to any value, and its decoding will be delayed.
+//
+// A `Primitive` value can be decoded using the `PrimitiveDecode` function.
+//
+// The underlying representation of a `Primitive` value is subject to change.
+// Do not rely on it.
+//
+// N.B. Primitive values are still parsed, so using them will only avoid
+// the overhead of reflection. They can be useful when you don't know the
+// exact type of TOML data until run time.
+type Primitive struct {
+	undecoded interface{}
+	context   Key
+}
+
+// DEPRECATED!
+//
+// Use MetaData.PrimitiveDecode instead.
+func PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v interface{}) error {
+	md := MetaData{decoded: make(map[string]bool)}
+	return md.unify(primValue.undecoded, rvalue(v))
+}
+
+// PrimitiveDecode is just like the other `Decode*` functions, except it
+// decodes a TOML value that has already been parsed. Valid primitive values
+// can *only* be obtained from values filled by the decoder functions,
+// including this method. (i.e., `v` may contain more `Primitive`
+// values.)
+//
+// Meta data for primitive values is included in the meta data returned by
+// the `Decode*` functions with one exception: keys returned by the Undecoded
+// method will only reflect keys that were decoded. Namely, any keys hidden
+// behind a Primitive will be considered undecoded. Executing this method will
+// update the undecoded keys in the meta data. (See the example.)
+func (md *MetaData) PrimitiveDecode(primValue Primitive, v interface{}) error {
+	md.context = primValue.context
+	defer func() { md.context = nil }()
+	return md.unify(primValue.undecoded, rvalue(v))
+}
+
+// Decode will decode the contents of `data` in TOML format into a pointer
+// `v`.
+//
+// TOML hashes correspond to Go structs or maps. (Dealer's choice. They can be
+// used interchangeably.)
+//
+// TOML arrays of tables correspond to either a slice of structs or a slice
+// of maps.
+//
+// TOML datetimes correspond to Go `time.Time` values.
+//
+// All other TOML types (float, string, int, bool and array) correspond
+// to the obvious Go types.
+//
+// An exception to the above rules is if a type implements the
+// encoding.TextUnmarshaler interface. In this case, any primitive TOML value
+// (floats, strings, integers, booleans and datetimes) will be converted to
+// a byte string and given to the value's UnmarshalText method. See the
+// Unmarshaler example for a demonstration with time duration strings.
+//
+// Key mapping
+//
+// TOML keys can map to either keys in a Go map or field names in a Go
+// struct. The special `toml` struct tag may be used to map TOML keys to
+// struct fields that don't match the key name exactly. (See the example.)
+// A case insensitive match to struct names will be tried if an exact match
+// can't be found.
+//
+// The mapping between TOML values and Go values is loose. That is, there
+// may exist TOML values that cannot be placed into your representation, and
+// there may be parts of your representation that do not correspond to
+// TOML values. This loose mapping can be made stricter by using the IsDefined
+// and/or Undecoded methods on the MetaData returned.
+//
+// This decoder will not handle cyclic types. If a cyclic type is passed,
+// `Decode` will not terminate.
+func Decode(data string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+	p, err := parse(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return MetaData{}, err
+	}
+	md := MetaData{
+		p.mapping, p.types, p.ordered,
+		make(map[string]bool, len(p.ordered)), nil,
+	}
+	return md, md.unify(p.mapping, rvalue(v))
+}
+
+// DecodeFile is just like Decode, except it will automatically read the
+// contents of the file at `fpath` and decode it for you.
+func DecodeFile(fpath string, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+	bs, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fpath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return MetaData{}, err
+	}
+	return Decode(string(bs), v)
+}
+
+// DecodeReader is just like Decode, except it will consume all bytes
+// from the reader and decode it for you.
+func DecodeReader(r io.Reader, v interface{}) (MetaData, error) {
+	bs, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return MetaData{}, err
+	}
+	return Decode(string(bs), v)
+}
+
+// unify performs a sort of type unification based on the structure of `rv`,
+// which is the client representation.
+//
+// Any type mismatch produces an error. Finding a type that we don't know
+// how to handle produces an unsupported type error.
+func (md *MetaData) unify(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+
+	// Special case. Look for a `Primitive` value.
+	if rv.Type() == reflect.TypeOf((*Primitive)(nil)).Elem() {
+		// Save the undecoded data and the key context into the primitive
+		// value.
+		context := make(Key, len(md.context))
+		copy(context, md.context)
+		rv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(Primitive{
+			undecoded: data,
+			context:   context,
+		}))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Special case. Unmarshaler Interface support.
+	if rv.CanAddr() {
+		if v, ok := rv.Addr().Interface().(Unmarshaler); ok {
+			return v.UnmarshalTOML(data)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Special case. Handle time.Time values specifically.
+	// TODO: Remove this code when we decide to drop support for Go 1.1.
+	// This isn't necessary in Go 1.2 because time.Time satisfies the encoding
+	// interfaces.
+	if rv.Type().AssignableTo(rvalue(time.Time{}).Type()) {
+		return md.unifyDatetime(data, rv)
+	}
+
+	// Special case. Look for a value satisfying the TextUnmarshaler interface.
+	if v, ok := rv.Interface().(TextUnmarshaler); ok {
+		return md.unifyText(data, v)
+	}
+	// BUG(burntsushi)
+	// The behavior here is incorrect whenever a Go type satisfies the
+	// encoding.TextUnmarshaler interface but also corresponds to a TOML
+	// hash or array. In particular, the unmarshaler should only be applied
+	// to primitive TOML values. But at this point, it will be applied to
+	// all kinds of values and produce an incorrect error whenever those values
+	// are hashes or arrays (including arrays of tables).
+
+	k := rv.Kind()
+
+	// laziness
+	if k >= reflect.Int && k <= reflect.Uint64 {
+		return md.unifyInt(data, rv)
+	}
+	switch k {
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		elem := reflect.New(rv.Type().Elem())
+		err := md.unify(data, reflect.Indirect(elem))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		rv.Set(elem)
+		return nil
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		return md.unifyStruct(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Map:
+		return md.unifyMap(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Array:
+		return md.unifyArray(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		return md.unifySlice(data, rv)
+	case reflect.String:
+		return md.unifyString(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return md.unifyBool(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		// we only support empty interfaces.
+		if rv.NumMethod() > 0 {
+			return e("Unsupported type '%s'.", rv.Kind())
+		}
+		return md.unifyAnything(data, rv)
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		fallthrough
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		return md.unifyFloat64(data, rv)
+	}
+	return e("Unsupported type '%s'.", rv.Kind())
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyStruct(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return mismatch(rv, "map", mapping)
+	}
+
+	for key, datum := range tmap {
+		var f *field
+		fields := cachedTypeFields(rv.Type())
+		for i := range fields {
+			ff := &fields[i]
+			if ff.name == key {
+				f = ff
+				break
+			}
+			if f == nil && strings.EqualFold(ff.name, key) {
+				f = ff
+			}
+		}
+		if f != nil {
+			subv := rv
+			for _, i := range f.index {
+				subv = indirect(subv.Field(i))
+			}
+			if isUnifiable(subv) {
+				md.decoded[md.context.add(key).String()] = true
+				md.context = append(md.context, key)
+				if err := md.unify(datum, subv); err != nil {
+					return e("Type mismatch for '%s.%s': %s",
+						rv.Type().String(), f.name, err)
+				}
+				md.context = md.context[0 : len(md.context)-1]
+			} else if f.name != "" {
+				// Bad user! No soup for you!
+				return e("Field '%s.%s' is unexported, and therefore cannot "+
+					"be loaded with reflection.", rv.Type().String(), f.name)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyMap(mapping interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	tmap, ok := mapping.(map[string]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return badtype("map", mapping)
+	}
+	if rv.IsNil() {
+		rv.Set(reflect.MakeMap(rv.Type()))
+	}
+	for k, v := range tmap {
+		md.decoded[md.context.add(k).String()] = true
+		md.context = append(md.context, k)
+
+		rvkey := indirect(reflect.New(rv.Type().Key()))
+		rvval := reflect.Indirect(reflect.New(rv.Type().Elem()))
+		if err := md.unify(v, rvval); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		md.context = md.context[0 : len(md.context)-1]
+
+		rvkey.SetString(k)
+		rv.SetMapIndex(rvkey, rvval)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyArray(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	datav := reflect.ValueOf(data)
+	if datav.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+		return badtype("slice", data)
+	}
+	sliceLen := datav.Len()
+	if sliceLen != rv.Len() {
+		return e("expected array length %d; got TOML array of length %d",
+			rv.Len(), sliceLen)
+	}
+	return md.unifySliceArray(datav, rv)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifySlice(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	datav := reflect.ValueOf(data)
+	if datav.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+		return badtype("slice", data)
+	}
+	sliceLen := datav.Len()
+	if rv.IsNil() {
+		rv.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(rv.Type(), sliceLen, sliceLen))
+	}
+	return md.unifySliceArray(datav, rv)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifySliceArray(data, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	sliceLen := data.Len()
+	for i := 0; i < sliceLen; i++ {
+		v := data.Index(i).Interface()
+		sliceval := indirect(rv.Index(i))
+		if err := md.unify(v, sliceval); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyDatetime(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	if _, ok := data.(time.Time); ok {
+		rv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(data))
+		return nil
+	}
+	return badtype("time.Time", data)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyString(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	if s, ok := data.(string); ok {
+		rv.SetString(s)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return badtype("string", data)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyFloat64(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	if num, ok := data.(float64); ok {
+		switch rv.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Float32:
+			fallthrough
+		case reflect.Float64:
+			rv.SetFloat(num)
+		default:
+			panic("bug")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return badtype("float", data)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyInt(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	if num, ok := data.(int64); ok {
+		if rv.Kind() >= reflect.Int && rv.Kind() <= reflect.Int64 {
+			switch rv.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Int, reflect.Int64:
+				// No bounds checking necessary.
+			case reflect.Int8:
+				if num < math.MinInt8 || num > math.MaxInt8 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for int8.", num)
+				}
+			case reflect.Int16:
+				if num < math.MinInt16 || num > math.MaxInt16 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for int16.", num)
+				}
+			case reflect.Int32:
+				if num < math.MinInt32 || num > math.MaxInt32 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for int32.", num)
+				}
+			}
+			rv.SetInt(num)
+		} else if rv.Kind() >= reflect.Uint && rv.Kind() <= reflect.Uint64 {
+			unum := uint64(num)
+			switch rv.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint64:
+				// No bounds checking necessary.
+			case reflect.Uint8:
+				if num < 0 || unum > math.MaxUint8 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for uint8.", num)
+				}
+			case reflect.Uint16:
+				if num < 0 || unum > math.MaxUint16 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for uint16.", num)
+				}
+			case reflect.Uint32:
+				if num < 0 || unum > math.MaxUint32 {
+					return e("Value '%d' is out of range for uint32.", num)
+				}
+			}
+			rv.SetUint(unum)
+		} else {
+			panic("unreachable")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return badtype("integer", data)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyBool(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	if b, ok := data.(bool); ok {
+		rv.SetBool(b)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return badtype("boolean", data)
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyAnything(data interface{}, rv reflect.Value) error {
+	rv.Set(reflect.ValueOf(data))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (md *MetaData) unifyText(data interface{}, v TextUnmarshaler) error {
+	var s string
+	switch sdata := data.(type) {
+	case TextMarshaler:
+		text, err := sdata.MarshalText()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s = string(text)
+	case fmt.Stringer:
+		s = sdata.String()
+	case string:
+		s = sdata
+	case bool:
+		s = fmt.Sprintf("%v", sdata)
+	case int64:
+		s = fmt.Sprintf("%d", sdata)
+	case float64:
+		s = fmt.Sprintf("%f", sdata)
+	default:
+		return badtype("primitive (string-like)", data)
+	}
+	if err := v.UnmarshalText([]byte(s)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rvalue returns a reflect.Value of `v`. All pointers are resolved.
+func rvalue(v interface{}) reflect.Value {
+	return indirect(reflect.ValueOf(v))
+}
+
+// indirect returns the value pointed to by a pointer.
+// Pointers are followed until the value is not a pointer.
+// New values are allocated for each nil pointer.
+//
+// An exception to this rule is if the value satisfies an interface of
+// interest to us (like encoding.TextUnmarshaler).
+func indirect(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr {
+		if v.CanAddr() {
+			pv := v.Addr()
+			if _, ok := pv.Interface().(TextUnmarshaler); ok {
+				return pv
+			}
+		}
+		return v
+	}
+	if v.IsNil() {
+		v.Set(reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()))
+	}
+	return indirect(reflect.Indirect(v))
+}
+
+func isUnifiable(rv reflect.Value) bool {
+	if rv.CanSet() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := rv.Interface().(TextUnmarshaler); ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func badtype(expected string, data interface{}) error {
+	return e("Expected %s but found '%T'.", expected, data)
+}
+
+func mismatch(user reflect.Value, expected string, data interface{}) error {
+	return e("Type mismatch for %s. Expected %s but found '%T'.",
+		user.Type().String(), expected, data)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package toml
+
+import "strings"
+
+// MetaData allows access to meta information about TOML data that may not
+// be inferrable via reflection. In particular, whether a key has been defined
+// and the TOML type of a key.
+type MetaData struct {
+	mapping map[string]interface{}
+	types   map[string]tomlType
+	keys    []Key
+	decoded map[string]bool
+	context Key // Used only during decoding.
+}
+
+// IsDefined returns true if the key given exists in the TOML data. The key
+// should be specified hierarchially. e.g.,
+//
+//	// access the TOML key 'a.b.c'
+//	IsDefined("a", "b", "c")
+//
+// IsDefined will return false if an empty key given. Keys are case sensitive.
+func (md *MetaData) IsDefined(key ...string) bool {
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	var hash map[string]interface{}
+	var ok bool
+	var hashOrVal interface{} = md.mapping
+	for _, k := range key {
+		if hash, ok = hashOrVal.(map[string]interface{}); !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+		if hashOrVal, ok = hash[k]; !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Type returns a string representation of the type of the key specified.
+//
+// Type will return the empty string if given an empty key or a key that
+// does not exist. Keys are case sensitive.
+func (md *MetaData) Type(key ...string) string {
+	fullkey := strings.Join(key, ".")
+	if typ, ok := md.types[fullkey]; ok {
+		return typ.typeString()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// Key is the type of any TOML key, including key groups. Use (MetaData).Keys
+// to get values of this type.
+type Key []string
+
+func (k Key) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(k, ".")
+}
+
+func (k Key) maybeQuotedAll() string {
+	var ss []string
+	for i := range k {
+		ss = append(ss, k.maybeQuoted(i))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(ss, ".")
+}
+
+func (k Key) maybeQuoted(i int) string {
+	quote := false
+	for _, c := range k[i] {
+		if !isBareKeyChar(c) {
+			quote = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if quote {
+		return "\"" + strings.Replace(k[i], "\"", "\\\"", -1) + "\""
+	} else {
+		return k[i]
+	}
+}
+
+func (k Key) add(piece string) Key {
+	newKey := make(Key, len(k)+1)
+	copy(newKey, k)
+	newKey[len(k)] = piece
+	return newKey
+}
+
+// Keys returns a slice of every key in the TOML data, including key groups.
+// Each key is itself a slice, where the first element is the top of the
+// hierarchy and the last is the most specific.
+//
+// The list will have the same order as the keys appeared in the TOML data.
+//
+// All keys returned are non-empty.
+func (md *MetaData) Keys() []Key {
+	return md.keys
+}
+
+// Undecoded returns all keys that have not been decoded in the order in which
+// they appear in the original TOML document.
+//
+// This includes keys that haven't been decoded because of a Primitive value.
+// Once the Primitive value is decoded, the keys will be considered decoded.
+//
+// Also note that decoding into an empty interface will result in no decoding,
+// and so no keys will be considered decoded.
+//
+// In this sense, the Undecoded keys correspond to keys in the TOML document
+// that do not have a concrete type in your representation.
+func (md *MetaData) Undecoded() []Key {
+	undecoded := make([]Key, 0, len(md.keys))
+	for _, key := range md.keys {
+		if !md.decoded[key.String()] {
+			undecoded = append(undecoded, key)
+		}
+	}
+	return undecoded
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	log.SetFlags(0)
+}
+
+func TestDecodeSimple(t *testing.T) {
+	var testSimple = `
+age = 250
+andrew = "gallant"
+kait = "brady"
+now = 1987-07-05T05:45:00Z
+yesOrNo = true
+pi = 3.14
+colors = [
+	["red", "green", "blue"],
+	["cyan", "magenta", "yellow", "black"],
+]
+
+[My.Cats]
+plato = "cat 1"
+cauchy = "cat 2"
+`
+
+	type cats struct {
+		Plato  string
+		Cauchy string
+	}
+	type simple struct {
+		Age     int
+		Colors  [][]string
+		Pi      float64
+		YesOrNo bool
+		Now     time.Time
+		Andrew  string
+		Kait    string
+		My      map[string]cats
+	}
+
+	var val simple
+	_, err := Decode(testSimple, &val)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	now, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02T15:04:05", "1987-07-05T05:45:00")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	var answer = simple{
+		Age:     250,
+		Andrew:  "gallant",
+		Kait:    "brady",
+		Now:     now,
+		YesOrNo: true,
+		Pi:      3.14,
+		Colors: [][]string{
+			{"red", "green", "blue"},
+			{"cyan", "magenta", "yellow", "black"},
+		},
+		My: map[string]cats{
+			"Cats": cats{Plato: "cat 1", Cauchy: "cat 2"},
+		},
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(val, answer) {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected\n-----\n%#v\n-----\nbut got\n-----\n%#v\n",
+			answer, val)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeEmbedded(t *testing.T) {
+	type Dog struct{ Name string }
+	type Age int
+
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		input       string
+		decodeInto  interface{}
+		wantDecoded interface{}
+	}{
+		"embedded struct": {
+			input:       `Name = "milton"`,
+			decodeInto:  &struct{ Dog }{},
+			wantDecoded: &struct{ Dog }{Dog{"milton"}},
+		},
+		"embedded non-nil pointer to struct": {
+			input:       `Name = "milton"`,
+			decodeInto:  &struct{ *Dog }{},
+			wantDecoded: &struct{ *Dog }{&Dog{"milton"}},
+		},
+		"embedded nil pointer to struct": {
+			input:       ``,
+			decodeInto:  &struct{ *Dog }{},
+			wantDecoded: &struct{ *Dog }{nil},
+		},
+		"embedded int": {
+			input:       `Age = -5`,
+			decodeInto:  &struct{ Age }{},
+			wantDecoded: &struct{ Age }{-5},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for label, test := range tests {
+		_, err := Decode(test.input, test.decodeInto)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.wantDecoded, test.decodeInto) {
+			t.Errorf("%s: want decoded == %+v, got %+v",
+				label, test.wantDecoded, test.decodeInto)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTableArrays(t *testing.T) {
+	var tomlTableArrays = `
+[[albums]]
+name = "Born to Run"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+  name = "Jungleland"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+  name = "Meeting Across the River"
+
+[[albums]]
+name = "Born in the USA"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+  name = "Glory Days"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+  name = "Dancing in the Dark"
+`
+
+	type Song struct {
+		Name string
+	}
+
+	type Album struct {
+		Name  string
+		Songs []Song
+	}
+
+	type Music struct {
+		Albums []Album
+	}
+
+	expected := Music{[]Album{
+		{"Born to Run", []Song{{"Jungleland"}, {"Meeting Across the River"}}},
+		{"Born in the USA", []Song{{"Glory Days"}, {"Dancing in the Dark"}}},
+	}}
+	var got Music
+	if _, err := Decode(tomlTableArrays, &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
+		t.Fatalf("\n%#v\n!=\n%#v\n", expected, got)
+	}
+}
+
+// Case insensitive matching tests.
+// A bit more comprehensive than needed given the current implementation,
+// but implementations change.
+// Probably still missing demonstrations of some ugly corner cases regarding
+// case insensitive matching and multiple fields.
+func TestCase(t *testing.T) {
+	var caseToml = `
+tOpString = "string"
+tOpInt = 1
+tOpFloat = 1.1
+tOpBool = true
+tOpdate = 2006-01-02T15:04:05Z
+tOparray = [ "array" ]
+Match = "i should be in Match only"
+MatcH = "i should be in MatcH only"
+once = "just once"
+[nEst.eD]
+nEstedString = "another string"
+`
+
+	type InsensitiveEd struct {
+		NestedString string
+	}
+
+	type InsensitiveNest struct {
+		Ed InsensitiveEd
+	}
+
+	type Insensitive struct {
+		TopString string
+		TopInt    int
+		TopFloat  float64
+		TopBool   bool
+		TopDate   time.Time
+		TopArray  []string
+		Match     string
+		MatcH     string
+		Once      string
+		OncE      string
+		Nest      InsensitiveNest
+	}
+
+	tme, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, time.RFC3339[:len(time.RFC3339)-5])
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	expected := Insensitive{
+		TopString: "string",
+		TopInt:    1,
+		TopFloat:  1.1,
+		TopBool:   true,
+		TopDate:   tme,
+		TopArray:  []string{"array"},
+		MatcH:     "i should be in MatcH only",
+		Match:     "i should be in Match only",
+		Once:      "just once",
+		OncE:      "",
+		Nest: InsensitiveNest{
+			Ed: InsensitiveEd{NestedString: "another string"},
+		},
+	}
+	var got Insensitive
+	if _, err := Decode(caseToml, &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, got) {
+		t.Fatalf("\n%#v\n!=\n%#v\n", expected, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPointers(t *testing.T) {
+	type Object struct {
+		Type        string
+		Description string
+	}
+
+	type Dict struct {
+		NamedObject map[string]*Object
+		BaseObject  *Object
+		Strptr      *string
+		Strptrs     []*string
+	}
+	s1, s2, s3 := "blah", "abc", "def"
+	expected := &Dict{
+		Strptr:  &s1,
+		Strptrs: []*string{&s2, &s3},
+		NamedObject: map[string]*Object{
+			"foo": {"FOO", "fooooo!!!"},
+			"bar": {"BAR", "ba-ba-ba-ba-barrrr!!!"},
+		},
+		BaseObject: &Object{"BASE", "da base"},
+	}
+
+	ex1 := `
+Strptr = "blah"
+Strptrs = ["abc", "def"]
+
+[NamedObject.foo]
+Type = "FOO"
+Description = "fooooo!!!"
+
+[NamedObject.bar]
+Type = "BAR"
+Description = "ba-ba-ba-ba-barrrr!!!"
+
+[BaseObject]
+Type = "BASE"
+Description = "da base"
+`
+	dict := new(Dict)
+	_, err := Decode(ex1, dict)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Decode error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, dict) {
+		t.Fatalf("\n%#v\n!=\n%#v\n", expected, dict)
+	}
+}
+
+type sphere struct {
+	Center [3]float64
+	Radius float64
+}
+
+func TestDecodeSimpleArray(t *testing.T) {
+	var s1 sphere
+	if _, err := Decode(`center = [0.0, 1.5, 0.0]`, &s1); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeArrayWrongSize(t *testing.T) {
+	var s1 sphere
+	if _, err := Decode(`center = [0.1, 2.3]`, &s1); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected array type mismatch error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeLargeIntoSmallInt(t *testing.T) {
+	type table struct {
+		Value int8
+	}
+	var tab table
+	if _, err := Decode(`value = 500`, &tab); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected integer out-of-bounds error.")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeSizedInts(t *testing.T) {
+	type table struct {
+		U8  uint8
+		U16 uint16
+		U32 uint32
+		U64 uint64
+		U   uint
+		I8  int8
+		I16 int16
+		I32 int32
+		I64 int64
+		I   int
+	}
+	answer := table{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1}
+	toml := `
+	u8 = 1
+	u16 = 1
+	u32 = 1
+	u64 = 1
+	u = 1
+	i8 = -1
+	i16 = -1
+	i32 = -1
+	i64 = -1
+	i = -1
+	`
+	var tab table
+	if _, err := Decode(toml, &tab); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err.Error())
+	}
+	if answer != tab {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected %#v but got %#v", answer, tab)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUnmarshaler(t *testing.T) {
+
+	var tomlBlob = `
+[dishes.hamboogie]
+name = "Hamboogie with fries"
+price = 10.99
+
+[[dishes.hamboogie.ingredients]]
+name = "Bread Bun"
+
+[[dishes.hamboogie.ingredients]]
+name = "Lettuce"
+
+[[dishes.hamboogie.ingredients]]
+name = "Real Beef Patty"
+
+[[dishes.hamboogie.ingredients]]
+name = "Tomato"
+
+[dishes.eggsalad]
+name = "Egg Salad with rice"
+price = 3.99
+
+[[dishes.eggsalad.ingredients]]
+name = "Egg"
+
+[[dishes.eggsalad.ingredients]]
+name = "Mayo"
+
+[[dishes.eggsalad.ingredients]]
+name = "Rice"
+`
+	m := &menu{}
+	if _, err := Decode(tomlBlob, m); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if len(m.Dishes) != 2 {
+		t.Log("two dishes should be loaded with UnmarshalTOML()")
+		t.Errorf("expected %d but got %d", 2, len(m.Dishes))
+	}
+
+	eggSalad := m.Dishes["eggsalad"]
+	if _, ok := interface{}(eggSalad).(dish); !ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected a dish")
+	}
+
+	if eggSalad.Name != "Egg Salad with rice" {
+		t.Errorf("expected the dish to be named 'Egg Salad with rice'")
+	}
+
+	if len(eggSalad.Ingredients) != 3 {
+		t.Log("dish should be loaded with UnmarshalTOML()")
+		t.Errorf("expected %d but got %d", 3, len(eggSalad.Ingredients))
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, i := range eggSalad.Ingredients {
+		if i.Name == "Rice" {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Error("Rice was not loaded in UnmarshalTOML()")
+	}
+
+	// test on a value - must be passed as *
+	o := menu{}
+	if _, err := Decode(tomlBlob, &o); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+}
+
+type menu struct {
+	Dishes map[string]dish
+}
+
+func (m *menu) UnmarshalTOML(p interface{}) error {
+	m.Dishes = make(map[string]dish)
+	data, _ := p.(map[string]interface{})
+	dishes := data["dishes"].(map[string]interface{})
+	for n, v := range dishes {
+		if d, ok := v.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			nd := dish{}
+			nd.UnmarshalTOML(d)
+			m.Dishes[n] = nd
+		} else {
+			return fmt.Errorf("not a dish")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type dish struct {
+	Name        string
+	Price       float32
+	Ingredients []ingredient
+}
+
+func (d *dish) UnmarshalTOML(p interface{}) error {
+	data, _ := p.(map[string]interface{})
+	d.Name, _ = data["name"].(string)
+	d.Price, _ = data["price"].(float32)
+	ingredients, _ := data["ingredients"].([]map[string]interface{})
+	for _, e := range ingredients {
+		n, _ := interface{}(e).(map[string]interface{})
+		name, _ := n["name"].(string)
+		i := ingredient{name}
+		d.Ingredients = append(d.Ingredients, i)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type ingredient struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+func ExampleMetaData_PrimitiveDecode() {
+	var md MetaData
+	var err error
+
+	var tomlBlob = `
+ranking = ["Springsteen", "J Geils"]
+
+[bands.Springsteen]
+started = 1973
+albums = ["Greetings", "WIESS", "Born to Run", "Darkness"]
+
+[bands."J Geils"]
+started = 1970
+albums = ["The J. Geils Band", "Full House", "Blow Your Face Out"]
+`
+
+	type band struct {
+		Started int
+		Albums  []string
+	}
+	type classics struct {
+		Ranking []string
+		Bands   map[string]Primitive
+	}
+
+	// Do the initial decode. Reflection is delayed on Primitive values.
+	var music classics
+	if md, err = Decode(tomlBlob, &music); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// MetaData still includes information on Primitive values.
+	fmt.Printf("Is `bands.Springsteen` defined? %v\n",
+		md.IsDefined("bands", "Springsteen"))
+
+	// Decode primitive data into Go values.
+	for _, artist := range music.Ranking {
+		// A band is a primitive value, so we need to decode it to get a
+		// real `band` value.
+		primValue := music.Bands[artist]
+
+		var aBand band
+		if err = md.PrimitiveDecode(primValue, &aBand); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("%s started in %d.\n", artist, aBand.Started)
+	}
+	// Check to see if there were any fields left undecoded.
+	// Note that this won't be empty before decoding the Primitive value!
+	fmt.Printf("Undecoded: %q\n", md.Undecoded())
+
+	// Output:
+	// Is `bands.Springsteen` defined? true
+	// Springsteen started in 1973.
+	// J Geils started in 1970.
+	// Undecoded: []
+}
+
+func ExampleDecode() {
+	var tomlBlob = `
+# Some comments.
+[alpha]
+ip = "10.0.0.1"
+
+	[alpha.config]
+	Ports = [ 8001, 8002 ]
+	Location = "Toronto"
+	Created = 1987-07-05T05:45:00Z
+
+[beta]
+ip = "10.0.0.2"
+
+	[beta.config]
+	Ports = [ 9001, 9002 ]
+	Location = "New Jersey"
+	Created = 1887-01-05T05:55:00Z
+`
+
+	type serverConfig struct {
+		Ports    []int
+		Location string
+		Created  time.Time
+	}
+
+	type server struct {
+		IP     string       `toml:"ip"`
+		Config serverConfig `toml:"config"`
+	}
+
+	type servers map[string]server
+
+	var config servers
+	if _, err := Decode(tomlBlob, &config); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range []string{"alpha", "beta"} {
+		s := config[name]
+		fmt.Printf("Server: %s (ip: %s) in %s created on %s\n",
+			name, s.IP, s.Config.Location,
+			s.Config.Created.Format("2006-01-02"))
+		fmt.Printf("Ports: %v\n", s.Config.Ports)
+	}
+
+	// Output:
+	// Server: alpha (ip: 10.0.0.1) in Toronto created on 1987-07-05
+	// Ports: [8001 8002]
+	// Server: beta (ip: 10.0.0.2) in New Jersey created on 1887-01-05
+	// Ports: [9001 9002]
+}
+
+type duration struct {
+	time.Duration
+}
+
+func (d *duration) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
+	var err error
+	d.Duration, err = time.ParseDuration(string(text))
+	return err
+}
+
+// Example Unmarshaler shows how to decode TOML strings into your own
+// custom data type.
+func Example_unmarshaler() {
+	blob := `
+[[song]]
+name = "Thunder Road"
+duration = "4m49s"
+
+[[song]]
+name = "Stairway to Heaven"
+duration = "8m03s"
+`
+	type song struct {
+		Name     string
+		Duration duration
+	}
+	type songs struct {
+		Song []song
+	}
+	var favorites songs
+	if _, err := Decode(blob, &favorites); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Code to implement the TextUnmarshaler interface for `duration`:
+	//
+	// type duration struct {
+	// 	time.Duration
+	// }
+	//
+	// func (d *duration) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
+	// 	var err error
+	// 	d.Duration, err = time.ParseDuration(string(text))
+	// 	return err
+	// }
+
+	for _, s := range favorites.Song {
+		fmt.Printf("%s (%s)\n", s.Name, s.Duration)
+	}
+	// Output:
+	// Thunder Road (4m49s)
+	// Stairway to Heaven (8m3s)
+}
+
+// Example StrictDecoding shows how to detect whether there are keys in the
+// TOML document that weren't decoded into the value given. This is useful
+// for returning an error to the user if they've included extraneous fields
+// in their configuration.
+func Example_strictDecoding() {
+	var blob = `
+key1 = "value1"
+key2 = "value2"
+key3 = "value3"
+`
+	type config struct {
+		Key1 string
+		Key3 string
+	}
+
+	var conf config
+	md, err := Decode(blob, &conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Undecoded keys: %q\n", md.Undecoded())
+	// Output:
+	// Undecoded keys: ["key2"]
+}
+
+// Example UnmarshalTOML shows how to implement a struct type that knows how to
+// unmarshal itself. The struct must take full responsibility for mapping the
+// values passed into the struct. The method may be used with interfaces in a
+// struct in cases where the actual type is not known until the data is
+// examined.
+func Example_unmarshalTOML() {
+
+	var blob = `
+[[parts]]
+type = "valve"
+id = "valve-1"
+size = 1.2
+rating = 4
+
+[[parts]]
+type = "valve"
+id = "valve-2"
+size = 2.1
+rating = 5
+
+[[parts]]
+type = "pipe"
+id = "pipe-1"
+length = 2.1
+diameter = 12
+
+[[parts]]
+type = "cable"
+id = "cable-1"
+length = 12
+rating = 3.1
+`
+	o := &order{}
+	err := Unmarshal([]byte(blob), o)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(len(o.parts))
+
+	for _, part := range o.parts {
+		fmt.Println(part.Name())
+	}
+
+	// Code to implement UmarshalJSON.
+
+	// type order struct {
+	// 	// NOTE `order.parts` is a private slice of type `part` which is an
+	// 	// interface and may only be loaded from toml using the
+	// 	// UnmarshalTOML() method of the Umarshaler interface.
+	// 	parts parts
+	// }
+
+	// func (o *order) UnmarshalTOML(data interface{}) error {
+
+	// 	// NOTE the example below contains detailed type casting to show how
+	// 	// the 'data' is retrieved. In operational use, a type cast wrapper
+	// 	// may be prefered e.g.
+	// 	//
+	// 	// func AsMap(v interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	// 	// 		return v.(map[string]interface{})
+	// 	// }
+	// 	//
+	// 	// resulting in:
+	// 	// d, _ := AsMap(data)
+	// 	//
+
+	// 	d, _ := data.(map[string]interface{})
+	// 	parts, _ := d["parts"].([]map[string]interface{})
+
+	// 	for _, p := range parts {
+
+	// 		typ, _ := p["type"].(string)
+	// 		id, _ := p["id"].(string)
+
+	// 		// detect the type of part and handle each case
+	// 		switch p["type"] {
+	// 		case "valve":
+
+	// 			size := float32(p["size"].(float64))
+	// 			rating := int(p["rating"].(int64))
+
+	// 			valve := &valve{
+	// 				Type:   typ,
+	// 				ID:     id,
+	// 				Size:   size,
+	// 				Rating: rating,
+	// 			}
+
+	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, valve)
+
+	// 		case "pipe":
+
+	// 			length := float32(p["length"].(float64))
+	// 			diameter := int(p["diameter"].(int64))
+
+	// 			pipe := &pipe{
+	// 				Type:     typ,
+	// 				ID:       id,
+	// 				Length:   length,
+	// 				Diameter: diameter,
+	// 			}
+
+	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, pipe)
+
+	// 		case "cable":
+
+	// 			length := int(p["length"].(int64))
+	// 			rating := float32(p["rating"].(float64))
+
+	// 			cable := &cable{
+	// 				Type:   typ,
+	// 				ID:     id,
+	// 				Length: length,
+	// 				Rating: rating,
+	// 			}
+
+	// 			o.parts = append(o.parts, cable)
+
+	// 		}
+	// 	}
+
+	// 	return nil
+	// }
+
+	// type parts []part
+
+	// type part interface {
+	// 	Name() string
+	// }
+
+	// type valve struct {
+	// 	Type   string
+	// 	ID     string
+	// 	Size   float32
+	// 	Rating int
+	// }
+
+	// func (v *valve) Name() string {
+	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("VALVE: %s", v.ID)
+	// }
+
+	// type pipe struct {
+	// 	Type     string
+	// 	ID       string
+	// 	Length   float32
+	// 	Diameter int
+	// }
+
+	// func (p *pipe) Name() string {
+	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("PIPE: %s", p.ID)
+	// }
+
+	// type cable struct {
+	// 	Type   string
+	// 	ID     string
+	// 	Length int
+	// 	Rating float32
+	// }
+
+	// func (c *cable) Name() string {
+	// 	return fmt.Sprintf("CABLE: %s", c.ID)
+	// }
+
+	// Output:
+	// 4
+	// VALVE: valve-1
+	// VALVE: valve-2
+	// PIPE: pipe-1
+	// CABLE: cable-1
+
+}
+
+type order struct {
+	// NOTE `order.parts` is a private slice of type `part` which is an
+	// interface and may only be loaded from toml using the UnmarshalTOML()
+	// method of the Umarshaler interface.
+	parts parts
+}
+
+func (o *order) UnmarshalTOML(data interface{}) error {
+
+	// NOTE the example below contains detailed type casting to show how
+	// the 'data' is retrieved. In operational use, a type cast wrapper
+	// may be prefered e.g.
+	//
+	// func AsMap(v interface{}) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	// 		return v.(map[string]interface{})
+	// }
+	//
+	// resulting in:
+	// d, _ := AsMap(data)
+	//
+
+	d, _ := data.(map[string]interface{})
+	parts, _ := d["parts"].([]map[string]interface{})
+
+	for _, p := range parts {
+
+		typ, _ := p["type"].(string)
+		id, _ := p["id"].(string)
+
+		// detect the type of part and handle each case
+		switch p["type"] {
+		case "valve":
+
+			size := float32(p["size"].(float64))
+			rating := int(p["rating"].(int64))
+
+			valve := &valve{
+				Type:   typ,
+				ID:     id,
+				Size:   size,
+				Rating: rating,
+			}
+
+			o.parts = append(o.parts, valve)
+
+		case "pipe":
+
+			length := float32(p["length"].(float64))
+			diameter := int(p["diameter"].(int64))
+
+			pipe := &pipe{
+				Type:     typ,
+				ID:       id,
+				Length:   length,
+				Diameter: diameter,
+			}
+
+			o.parts = append(o.parts, pipe)
+
+		case "cable":
+
+			length := int(p["length"].(int64))
+			rating := float32(p["rating"].(float64))
+
+			cable := &cable{
+				Type:   typ,
+				ID:     id,
+				Length: length,
+				Rating: rating,
+			}
+
+			o.parts = append(o.parts, cable)
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+type parts []part
+
+type part interface {
+	Name() string
+}
+
+type valve struct {
+	Type   string
+	ID     string
+	Size   float32
+	Rating int
+}
+
+func (v *valve) Name() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("VALVE: %s", v.ID)
+}
+
+type pipe struct {
+	Type     string
+	ID       string
+	Length   float32
+	Diameter int
+}
+
+func (p *pipe) Name() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("PIPE: %s", p.ID)
+}
+
+type cable struct {
+	Type   string
+	ID     string
+	Length int
+	Rating float32
+}
+
+func (c *cable) Name() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("CABLE: %s", c.ID)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+Package toml provides facilities for decoding and encoding TOML configuration
+files via reflection. There is also support for delaying decoding with
+the Primitive type, and querying the set of keys in a TOML document with the
+MetaData type.
+
+The specification implemented: https://github.com/mojombo/toml
+
+The sub-command github.com/BurntSushi/toml/cmd/tomlv can be used to verify
+whether a file is a valid TOML document. It can also be used to print the
+type of each key in a TOML document.
+
+Testing
+
+There are two important types of tests used for this package. The first is
+contained inside '*_test.go' files and uses the standard Go unit testing
+framework. These tests are primarily devoted to holistically testing the
+decoder and encoder.
+
+The second type of testing is used to verify the implementation's adherence
+to the TOML specification. These tests have been factored into their own
+project: https://github.com/BurntSushi/toml-test
+
+The reason the tests are in a separate project is so that they can be used by
+any implementation of TOML. Namely, it is language agnostic.
+*/
+package toml
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type tomlEncodeError struct{ error }
+
+var (
+	errArrayMixedElementTypes = errors.New(
+		"can't encode array with mixed element types")
+	errArrayNilElement = errors.New(
+		"can't encode array with nil element")
+	errNonString = errors.New(
+		"can't encode a map with non-string key type")
+	errAnonNonStruct = errors.New(
+		"can't encode an anonymous field that is not a struct")
+	errArrayNoTable = errors.New(
+		"TOML array element can't contain a table")
+	errNoKey = errors.New(
+		"top-level values must be a Go map or struct")
+	errAnything = errors.New("") // used in testing
+)
+
+var quotedReplacer = strings.NewReplacer(
+	"\t", "\\t",
+	"\n", "\\n",
+	"\r", "\\r",
+	"\"", "\\\"",
+	"\\", "\\\\",
+)
+
+// Encoder controls the encoding of Go values to a TOML document to some
+// io.Writer.
+//
+// The indentation level can be controlled with the Indent field.
+type Encoder struct {
+	// A single indentation level. By default it is two spaces.
+	Indent string
+
+	// hasWritten is whether we have written any output to w yet.
+	hasWritten bool
+	w          *bufio.Writer
+}
+
+// NewEncoder returns a TOML encoder that encodes Go values to the io.Writer
+// given. By default, a single indentation level is 2 spaces.
+func NewEncoder(w io.Writer) *Encoder {
+	return &Encoder{
+		w:      bufio.NewWriter(w),
+		Indent: "  ",
+	}
+}
+
+// Encode writes a TOML representation of the Go value to the underlying
+// io.Writer. If the value given cannot be encoded to a valid TOML document,
+// then an error is returned.
+//
+// The mapping between Go values and TOML values should be precisely the same
+// as for the Decode* functions. Similarly, the TextMarshaler interface is
+// supported by encoding the resulting bytes as strings. (If you want to write
+// arbitrary binary data then you will need to use something like base64 since
+// TOML does not have any binary types.)
+//
+// When encoding TOML hashes (i.e., Go maps or structs), keys without any
+// sub-hashes are encoded first.
+//
+// If a Go map is encoded, then its keys are sorted alphabetically for
+// deterministic output. More control over this behavior may be provided if
+// there is demand for it.
+//
+// Encoding Go values without a corresponding TOML representation---like map
+// types with non-string keys---will cause an error to be returned. Similarly
+// for mixed arrays/slices, arrays/slices with nil elements, embedded
+// non-struct types and nested slices containing maps or structs.
+// (e.g., [][]map[string]string is not allowed but []map[string]string is OK
+// and so is []map[string][]string.)
+func (enc *Encoder) Encode(v interface{}) error {
+	rv := eindirect(reflect.ValueOf(v))
+	if err := enc.safeEncode(Key([]string{}), rv); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return enc.w.Flush()
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) safeEncode(key Key, rv reflect.Value) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			if terr, ok := r.(tomlEncodeError); ok {
+				err = terr.error
+				return
+			}
+			panic(r)
+		}
+	}()
+	enc.encode(key, rv)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) encode(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	// Special case. Time needs to be in ISO8601 format.
+	// Special case. If we can marshal the type to text, then we used that.
+	// Basically, this prevents the encoder for handling these types as
+	// generic structs (or whatever the underlying type of a TextMarshaler is).
+	switch rv.Interface().(type) {
+	case time.Time, TextMarshaler:
+		enc.keyEqElement(key, rv)
+		return
+	}
+
+	k := rv.Kind()
+	switch k {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32,
+		reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32,
+		reflect.Uint64,
+		reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.String, reflect.Bool:
+		enc.keyEqElement(key, rv)
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		if typeEqual(tomlArrayHash, tomlTypeOfGo(rv)) {
+			enc.eArrayOfTables(key, rv)
+		} else {
+			enc.keyEqElement(key, rv)
+		}
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		enc.encode(key, rv.Elem())
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		enc.eTable(key, rv)
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if rv.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		enc.encode(key, rv.Elem())
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		enc.eTable(key, rv)
+	default:
+		panic(e("Unsupported type for key '%s': %s", key, k))
+	}
+}
+
+// eElement encodes any value that can be an array element (primitives and
+// arrays).
+func (enc *Encoder) eElement(rv reflect.Value) {
+	switch v := rv.Interface().(type) {
+	case time.Time:
+		// Special case time.Time as a primitive. Has to come before
+		// TextMarshaler below because time.Time implements
+		// encoding.TextMarshaler, but we need to always use UTC.
+		enc.wf(v.In(time.FixedZone("UTC", 0)).Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"))
+		return
+	case TextMarshaler:
+		// Special case. Use text marshaler if it's available for this value.
+		if s, err := v.MarshalText(); err != nil {
+			encPanic(err)
+		} else {
+			enc.writeQuoted(string(s))
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		enc.wf(strconv.FormatBool(rv.Bool()))
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32,
+		reflect.Int64:
+		enc.wf(strconv.FormatInt(rv.Int(), 10))
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16,
+		reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		enc.wf(strconv.FormatUint(rv.Uint(), 10))
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		enc.wf(floatAddDecimal(strconv.FormatFloat(rv.Float(), 'f', -1, 32)))
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		enc.wf(floatAddDecimal(strconv.FormatFloat(rv.Float(), 'f', -1, 64)))
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		enc.eArrayOrSliceElement(rv)
+	case reflect.Interface:
+		enc.eElement(rv.Elem())
+	case reflect.String:
+		enc.writeQuoted(rv.String())
+	default:
+		panic(e("Unexpected primitive type: %s", rv.Kind()))
+	}
+}
+
+// By the TOML spec, all floats must have a decimal with at least one
+// number on either side.
+func floatAddDecimal(fstr string) string {
+	if !strings.Contains(fstr, ".") {
+		return fstr + ".0"
+	}
+	return fstr
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) writeQuoted(s string) {
+	enc.wf("\"%s\"", quotedReplacer.Replace(s))
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eArrayOrSliceElement(rv reflect.Value) {
+	length := rv.Len()
+	enc.wf("[")
+	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+		elem := rv.Index(i)
+		enc.eElement(elem)
+		if i != length-1 {
+			enc.wf(", ")
+		}
+	}
+	enc.wf("]")
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eArrayOfTables(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		encPanic(errNoKey)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < rv.Len(); i++ {
+		trv := rv.Index(i)
+		if isNil(trv) {
+			continue
+		}
+		panicIfInvalidKey(key)
+		enc.newline()
+		enc.wf("%s[[%s]]", enc.indentStr(key), key.maybeQuotedAll())
+		enc.newline()
+		enc.eMapOrStruct(key, trv)
+	}
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eTable(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	panicIfInvalidKey(key)
+	if len(key) == 1 {
+		// Output an extra new line between top-level tables.
+		// (The newline isn't written if nothing else has been written though.)
+		enc.newline()
+	}
+	if len(key) > 0 {
+		enc.wf("%s[%s]", enc.indentStr(key), key.maybeQuotedAll())
+		enc.newline()
+	}
+	enc.eMapOrStruct(key, rv)
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eMapOrStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	switch rv := eindirect(rv); rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Map:
+		enc.eMap(key, rv)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		enc.eStruct(key, rv)
+	default:
+		panic("eTable: unhandled reflect.Value Kind: " + rv.Kind().String())
+	}
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eMap(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	rt := rv.Type()
+	if rt.Key().Kind() != reflect.String {
+		encPanic(errNonString)
+	}
+
+	// Sort keys so that we have deterministic output. And write keys directly
+	// underneath this key first, before writing sub-structs or sub-maps.
+	var mapKeysDirect, mapKeysSub []string
+	for _, mapKey := range rv.MapKeys() {
+		k := mapKey.String()
+		if typeIsHash(tomlTypeOfGo(rv.MapIndex(mapKey))) {
+			mapKeysSub = append(mapKeysSub, k)
+		} else {
+			mapKeysDirect = append(mapKeysDirect, k)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var writeMapKeys = func(mapKeys []string) {
+		sort.Strings(mapKeys)
+		for _, mapKey := range mapKeys {
+			mrv := rv.MapIndex(reflect.ValueOf(mapKey))
+			if isNil(mrv) {
+				// Don't write anything for nil fields.
+				continue
+			}
+			enc.encode(key.add(mapKey), mrv)
+		}
+	}
+	writeMapKeys(mapKeysDirect)
+	writeMapKeys(mapKeysSub)
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) eStruct(key Key, rv reflect.Value) {
+	// Write keys for fields directly under this key first, because if we write
+	// a field that creates a new table, then all keys under it will be in that
+	// table (not the one we're writing here).
+	rt := rv.Type()
+	var fieldsDirect, fieldsSub [][]int
+	var addFields func(rt reflect.Type, rv reflect.Value, start []int)
+	addFields = func(rt reflect.Type, rv reflect.Value, start []int) {
+		for i := 0; i < rt.NumField(); i++ {
+			f := rt.Field(i)
+			// skip unexporded fields
+			if f.PkgPath != "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			frv := rv.Field(i)
+			if f.Anonymous {
+				frv := eindirect(frv)
+				t := frv.Type()
+				if t.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+					encPanic(errAnonNonStruct)
+				}
+				addFields(t, frv, f.Index)
+			} else if typeIsHash(tomlTypeOfGo(frv)) {
+				fieldsSub = append(fieldsSub, append(start, f.Index...))
+			} else {
+				fieldsDirect = append(fieldsDirect, append(start, f.Index...))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	addFields(rt, rv, nil)
+
+	var writeFields = func(fields [][]int) {
+		for _, fieldIndex := range fields {
+			sft := rt.FieldByIndex(fieldIndex)
+			sf := rv.FieldByIndex(fieldIndex)
+			if isNil(sf) {
+				// Don't write anything for nil fields.
+				continue
+			}
+
+			keyName := sft.Tag.Get("toml")
+			if keyName == "-" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if keyName == "" {
+				keyName = sft.Name
+			}
+
+			keyName, opts := getOptions(keyName)
+			if _, ok := opts["omitempty"]; ok && isEmpty(sf) {
+				continue
+			} else if _, ok := opts["omitzero"]; ok && isZero(sf) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			enc.encode(key.add(keyName), sf)
+		}
+	}
+	writeFields(fieldsDirect)
+	writeFields(fieldsSub)
+}
+
+// tomlTypeName returns the TOML type name of the Go value's type. It is
+// used to determine whether the types of array elements are mixed (which is
+// forbidden). If the Go value is nil, then it is illegal for it to be an array
+// element, and valueIsNil is returned as true.
+
+// Returns the TOML type of a Go value. The type may be `nil`, which means
+// no concrete TOML type could be found.
+func tomlTypeOfGo(rv reflect.Value) tomlType {
+	if isNil(rv) || !rv.IsValid() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		return tomlBool
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32,
+		reflect.Int64,
+		reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32,
+		reflect.Uint64:
+		return tomlInteger
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		return tomlFloat
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice:
+		if typeEqual(tomlHash, tomlArrayType(rv)) {
+			return tomlArrayHash
+		} else {
+			return tomlArray
+		}
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface:
+		return tomlTypeOfGo(rv.Elem())
+	case reflect.String:
+		return tomlString
+	case reflect.Map:
+		return tomlHash
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		switch rv.Interface().(type) {
+		case time.Time:
+			return tomlDatetime
+		case TextMarshaler:
+			return tomlString
+		default:
+			return tomlHash
+		}
+	default:
+		panic("unexpected reflect.Kind: " + rv.Kind().String())
+	}
+}
+
+// tomlArrayType returns the element type of a TOML array. The type returned
+// may be nil if it cannot be determined (e.g., a nil slice or a zero length
+// slize). This function may also panic if it finds a type that cannot be
+// expressed in TOML (such as nil elements, heterogeneous arrays or directly
+// nested arrays of tables).
+func tomlArrayType(rv reflect.Value) tomlType {
+	if isNil(rv) || !rv.IsValid() || rv.Len() == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	firstType := tomlTypeOfGo(rv.Index(0))
+	if firstType == nil {
+		encPanic(errArrayNilElement)
+	}
+
+	rvlen := rv.Len()
+	for i := 1; i < rvlen; i++ {
+		elem := rv.Index(i)
+		switch elemType := tomlTypeOfGo(elem); {
+		case elemType == nil:
+			encPanic(errArrayNilElement)
+		case !typeEqual(firstType, elemType):
+			encPanic(errArrayMixedElementTypes)
+		}
+	}
+	// If we have a nested array, then we must make sure that the nested
+	// array contains ONLY primitives.
+	// This checks arbitrarily nested arrays.
+	if typeEqual(firstType, tomlArray) || typeEqual(firstType, tomlArrayHash) {
+		nest := tomlArrayType(eindirect(rv.Index(0)))
+		if typeEqual(nest, tomlHash) || typeEqual(nest, tomlArrayHash) {
+			encPanic(errArrayNoTable)
+		}
+	}
+	return firstType
+}
+
+func getOptions(keyName string) (string, map[string]struct{}) {
+	opts := make(map[string]struct{})
+	ss := strings.Split(keyName, ",")
+	name := ss[0]
+	if len(ss) > 1 {
+		for _, opt := range ss {
+			opts[opt] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return name, opts
+}
+
+func isZero(rv reflect.Value) bool {
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		if rv.Int() == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		if rv.Uint() == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		if rv.Float() == 0.0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func isEmpty(rv reflect.Value) bool {
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		if len(strings.TrimSpace(rv.String())) == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	case reflect.Array, reflect.Slice, reflect.Map:
+		if rv.Len() == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) newline() {
+	if enc.hasWritten {
+		enc.wf("\n")
+	}
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) keyEqElement(key Key, val reflect.Value) {
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		encPanic(errNoKey)
+	}
+	panicIfInvalidKey(key)
+	enc.wf("%s%s = ", enc.indentStr(key), key.maybeQuoted(len(key)-1))
+	enc.eElement(val)
+	enc.newline()
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) wf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(enc.w, format, v...); err != nil {
+		encPanic(err)
+	}
+	enc.hasWritten = true
+}
+
+func (enc *Encoder) indentStr(key Key) string {
+	return strings.Repeat(enc.Indent, len(key)-1)
+}
+
+func encPanic(err error) {
+	panic(tomlEncodeError{err})
+}
+
+func eindirect(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Interface:
+		return eindirect(v.Elem())
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func isNil(rv reflect.Value) bool {
+	switch rv.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Interface, reflect.Map, reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice:
+		return rv.IsNil()
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func panicIfInvalidKey(key Key) {
+	for _, k := range key {
+		if len(k) == 0 {
+			encPanic(e("Key '%s' is not a valid table name. Key names "+
+				"cannot be empty.", key.maybeQuotedAll()))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func isValidKeyName(s string) bool {
+	return len(s) != 0
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestEncodeRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	type Config struct {
+		Age        int
+		Cats       []string
+		Pi         float64
+		Perfection []int
+		DOB        time.Time
+		Ipaddress  net.IP
+	}
+
+	var inputs = Config{
+		13,
+		[]string{"one", "two", "three"},
+		3.145,
+		[]int{11, 2, 3, 4},
+		time.Now(),
+		net.ParseIP("192.168.59.254"),
+	}
+
+	var firstBuffer bytes.Buffer
+	e := NewEncoder(&firstBuffer)
+	err := e.Encode(inputs)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var outputs Config
+	if _, err := Decode(firstBuffer.String(), &outputs); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Could not decode:\n-----\n%s\n-----\n",
+			firstBuffer.String())
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// could test each value individually, but I'm lazy
+	var secondBuffer bytes.Buffer
+	e2 := NewEncoder(&secondBuffer)
+	err = e2.Encode(outputs)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if firstBuffer.String() != secondBuffer.String() {
+		t.Error(
+			firstBuffer.String(),
+			"\n\n is not identical to\n\n",
+			secondBuffer.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// XXX(burntsushi)
+// I think these tests probably should be removed. They are good, but they
+// ought to be obsolete by toml-test.
+func TestEncode(t *testing.T) {
+	type Embedded struct {
+		Int int `toml:"_int"`
+	}
+	type NonStruct int
+
+	date := time.Date(2014, 5, 11, 20, 30, 40, 0, time.FixedZone("IST", 3600))
+	dateStr := "2014-05-11T19:30:40Z"
+
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		input      interface{}
+		wantOutput string
+		wantError  error
+	}{
+		"bool field": {
+			input: struct {
+				BoolTrue  bool
+				BoolFalse bool
+			}{true, false},
+			wantOutput: "BoolTrue = true\nBoolFalse = false\n",
+		},
+		"int fields": {
+			input: struct {
+				Int   int
+				Int8  int8
+				Int16 int16
+				Int32 int32
+				Int64 int64
+			}{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			wantOutput: "Int = 1\nInt8 = 2\nInt16 = 3\nInt32 = 4\nInt64 = 5\n",
+		},
+		"uint fields": {
+			input: struct {
+				Uint   uint
+				Uint8  uint8
+				Uint16 uint16
+				Uint32 uint32
+				Uint64 uint64
+			}{1, 2, 3, 4, 5},
+			wantOutput: "Uint = 1\nUint8 = 2\nUint16 = 3\nUint32 = 4" +
+				"\nUint64 = 5\n",
+		},
+		"float fields": {
+			input: struct {
+				Float32 float32
+				Float64 float64
+			}{1.5, 2.5},
+			wantOutput: "Float32 = 1.5\nFloat64 = 2.5\n",
+		},
+		"string field": {
+			input:      struct{ String string }{"foo"},
+			wantOutput: "String = \"foo\"\n",
+		},
+		"string field and unexported field": {
+			input: struct {
+				String     string
+				unexported int
+			}{"foo", 0},
+			wantOutput: "String = \"foo\"\n",
+		},
+		"datetime field in UTC": {
+			input:      struct{ Date time.Time }{date},
+			wantOutput: fmt.Sprintf("Date = %s\n", dateStr),
+		},
+		"datetime field as primitive": {
+			// Using a map here to fail if isStructOrMap() returns true for
+			// time.Time.
+			input: map[string]interface{}{
+				"Date": date,
+				"Int":  1,
+			},
+			wantOutput: fmt.Sprintf("Date = %s\nInt = 1\n", dateStr),
+		},
+		"array fields": {
+			input: struct {
+				IntArray0 [0]int
+				IntArray3 [3]int
+			}{[0]int{}, [3]int{1, 2, 3}},
+			wantOutput: "IntArray0 = []\nIntArray3 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
+		},
+		"slice fields": {
+			input: struct{ IntSliceNil, IntSlice0, IntSlice3 []int }{
+				nil, []int{}, []int{1, 2, 3},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "IntSlice0 = []\nIntSlice3 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
+		},
+		"datetime slices": {
+			input: struct{ DatetimeSlice []time.Time }{
+				[]time.Time{date, date},
+			},
+			wantOutput: fmt.Sprintf("DatetimeSlice = [%s, %s]\n",
+				dateStr, dateStr),
+		},
+		"nested arrays and slices": {
+			input: struct {
+				SliceOfArrays         [][2]int
+				ArrayOfSlices         [2][]int
+				SliceOfArraysOfSlices [][2][]int
+				ArrayOfSlicesOfArrays [2][][2]int
+				SliceOfMixedArrays    [][2]interface{}
+				ArrayOfMixedSlices    [2][]interface{}
+			}{
+				[][2]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}},
+				[2][]int{{1, 2}, {3, 4}},
+				[][2][]int{
+					{
+						{1, 2}, {3, 4},
+					},
+					{
+						{5, 6}, {7, 8},
+					},
+				},
+				[2][][2]int{
+					{
+						{1, 2}, {3, 4},
+					},
+					{
+						{5, 6}, {7, 8},
+					},
+				},
+				[][2]interface{}{
+					{1, 2}, {"a", "b"},
+				},
+				[2][]interface{}{
+					{1, 2}, {"a", "b"},
+				},
+			},
+			wantOutput: `SliceOfArrays = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+ArrayOfSlices = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
+SliceOfArraysOfSlices = [[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]]
+ArrayOfSlicesOfArrays = [[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]]
+SliceOfMixedArrays = [[1, 2], ["a", "b"]]
+ArrayOfMixedSlices = [[1, 2], ["a", "b"]]
+`,
+		},
+		"empty slice": {
+			input:      struct{ Empty []interface{} }{[]interface{}{}},
+			wantOutput: "Empty = []\n",
+		},
+		"(error) slice with element type mismatch (string and integer)": {
+			input:     struct{ Mixed []interface{} }{[]interface{}{1, "a"}},
+			wantError: errArrayMixedElementTypes,
+		},
+		"(error) slice with element type mismatch (integer and float)": {
+			input:     struct{ Mixed []interface{} }{[]interface{}{1, 2.5}},
+			wantError: errArrayMixedElementTypes,
+		},
+		"slice with elems of differing Go types, same TOML types": {
+			input: struct {
+				MixedInts   []interface{}
+				MixedFloats []interface{}
+			}{
+				[]interface{}{
+					int(1), int8(2), int16(3), int32(4), int64(5),
+					uint(1), uint8(2), uint16(3), uint32(4), uint64(5),
+				},
+				[]interface{}{float32(1.5), float64(2.5)},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "MixedInts = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n" +
+				"MixedFloats = [1.5, 2.5]\n",
+		},
+		"(error) slice w/ element type mismatch (one is nested array)": {
+			input: struct{ Mixed []interface{} }{
+				[]interface{}{1, []interface{}{2}},
+			},
+			wantError: errArrayMixedElementTypes,
+		},
+		"(error) slice with 1 nil element": {
+			input:     struct{ NilElement1 []interface{} }{[]interface{}{nil}},
+			wantError: errArrayNilElement,
+		},
+		"(error) slice with 1 nil element (and other non-nil elements)": {
+			input: struct{ NilElement []interface{} }{
+				[]interface{}{1, nil},
+			},
+			wantError: errArrayNilElement,
+		},
+		"simple map": {
+			input:      map[string]int{"a": 1, "b": 2},
+			wantOutput: "a = 1\nb = 2\n",
+		},
+		"map with interface{} value type": {
+			input:      map[string]interface{}{"a": 1, "b": "c"},
+			wantOutput: "a = 1\nb = \"c\"\n",
+		},
+		"map with interface{} value type, some of which are structs": {
+			input: map[string]interface{}{
+				"a": struct{ Int int }{2},
+				"b": 1,
+			},
+			wantOutput: "b = 1\n\n[a]\n  Int = 2\n",
+		},
+		"nested map": {
+			input: map[string]map[string]int{
+				"a": {"b": 1},
+				"c": {"d": 2},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[a]\n  b = 1\n\n[c]\n  d = 2\n",
+		},
+		"nested struct": {
+			input: struct{ Struct struct{ Int int } }{
+				struct{ Int int }{1},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[Struct]\n  Int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"nested struct and non-struct field": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct{ Int int }
+				Bool   bool
+			}{struct{ Int int }{1}, true},
+			wantOutput: "Bool = true\n\n[Struct]\n  Int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"2 nested structs": {
+			input: struct{ Struct1, Struct2 struct{ Int int } }{
+				struct{ Int int }{1}, struct{ Int int }{2},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[Struct1]\n  Int = 1\n\n[Struct2]\n  Int = 2\n",
+		},
+		"deeply nested structs": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct1, Struct2 struct{ Struct3 *struct{ Int int } }
+			}{
+				struct{ Struct3 *struct{ Int int } }{&struct{ Int int }{1}},
+				struct{ Struct3 *struct{ Int int } }{nil},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[Struct1]\n  [Struct1.Struct3]\n    Int = 1" +
+				"\n\n[Struct2]\n",
+		},
+		"nested struct with nil struct elem": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct{ Inner *struct{ Int int } }
+			}{
+				struct{ Inner *struct{ Int int } }{nil},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[Struct]\n",
+		},
+		"nested struct with no fields": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct{ Inner struct{} }
+			}{
+				struct{ Inner struct{} }{struct{}{}},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[Struct]\n  [Struct.Inner]\n",
+		},
+		"struct with tags": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct {
+					Int int `toml:"_int"`
+				} `toml:"_struct"`
+				Bool bool `toml:"_bool"`
+			}{
+				struct {
+					Int int `toml:"_int"`
+				}{1}, true,
+			},
+			wantOutput: "_bool = true\n\n[_struct]\n  _int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"embedded struct": {
+			input:      struct{ Embedded }{Embedded{1}},
+			wantOutput: "_int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"embedded *struct": {
+			input:      struct{ *Embedded }{&Embedded{1}},
+			wantOutput: "_int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"nested embedded struct": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct{ Embedded } `toml:"_struct"`
+			}{struct{ Embedded }{Embedded{1}}},
+			wantOutput: "[_struct]\n  _int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"nested embedded *struct": {
+			input: struct {
+				Struct struct{ *Embedded } `toml:"_struct"`
+			}{struct{ *Embedded }{&Embedded{1}}},
+			wantOutput: "[_struct]\n  _int = 1\n",
+		},
+		"array of tables": {
+			input: struct {
+				Structs []*struct{ Int int } `toml:"struct"`
+			}{
+				[]*struct{ Int int }{{1}, {3}},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[[struct]]\n  Int = 1\n\n[[struct]]\n  Int = 3\n",
+		},
+		"array of tables order": {
+			input: map[string]interface{}{
+				"map": map[string]interface{}{
+					"zero": 5,
+					"arr": []map[string]int{
+						map[string]int{
+							"friend": 5,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantOutput: "[map]\n  zero = 5\n\n  [[map.arr]]\n    friend = 5\n",
+		},
+		"(error) top-level slice": {
+			input:     []struct{ Int int }{{1}, {2}, {3}},
+			wantError: errNoKey,
+		},
+		"(error) slice of slice": {
+			input: struct {
+				Slices [][]struct{ Int int }
+			}{
+				[][]struct{ Int int }{{{1}}, {{2}}, {{3}}},
+			},
+			wantError: errArrayNoTable,
+		},
+		"(error) map no string key": {
+			input:     map[int]string{1: ""},
+			wantError: errNonString,
+		},
+		"(error) anonymous non-struct": {
+			input:     struct{ NonStruct }{5},
+			wantError: errAnonNonStruct,
+		},
+		"(error) empty key name": {
+			input:     map[string]int{"": 1},
+			wantError: errAnything,
+		},
+		"(error) empty map name": {
+			input: map[string]interface{}{
+				"": map[string]int{"v": 1},
+			},
+			wantError: errAnything,
+		},
+	}
+	for label, test := range tests {
+		encodeExpected(t, label, test.input, test.wantOutput, test.wantError)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNestedTableArrays(t *testing.T) {
+	type song struct {
+		Name string `toml:"name"`
+	}
+	type album struct {
+		Name  string `toml:"name"`
+		Songs []song `toml:"songs"`
+	}
+	type springsteen struct {
+		Albums []album `toml:"albums"`
+	}
+	value := springsteen{
+		[]album{
+			{"Born to Run",
+				[]song{{"Jungleland"}, {"Meeting Across the River"}}},
+			{"Born in the USA",
+				[]song{{"Glory Days"}, {"Dancing in the Dark"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	expected := `[[albums]]
+  name = "Born to Run"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+    name = "Jungleland"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+    name = "Meeting Across the River"
+
+[[albums]]
+  name = "Born in the USA"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+    name = "Glory Days"
+
+  [[albums.songs]]
+    name = "Dancing in the Dark"
+`
+	encodeExpected(t, "nested table arrays", value, expected, nil)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeArrayHashWithNormalHashOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	type Alpha struct {
+		V int
+	}
+	type Beta struct {
+		V int
+	}
+	type Conf struct {
+		V int
+		A Alpha
+		B []Beta
+	}
+
+	val := Conf{
+		V: 1,
+		A: Alpha{2},
+		B: []Beta{{3}},
+	}
+	expected := "V = 1\n\n[A]\n  V = 2\n\n[[B]]\n  V = 3\n"
+	encodeExpected(t, "array hash with normal hash order", val, expected, nil)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeWithOmitEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	type simple struct {
+		User string `toml:"user"`
+		Pass string `toml:"password,omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	value := simple{"Testing", ""}
+	expected := fmt.Sprintf("user = %q\n", value.User)
+	encodeExpected(t, "simple with omitempty, is empty", value, expected, nil)
+	value.Pass = "some password"
+	expected = fmt.Sprintf("user = %q\npassword = %q\n", value.User, value.Pass)
+	encodeExpected(t, "simple with omitempty, not empty", value, expected, nil)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeWithOmitZero(t *testing.T) {
+	type simple struct {
+		Number   int     `toml:"number,omitzero"`
+		Real     float64 `toml:"real,omitzero"`
+		Unsigned uint    `toml:"unsigned,omitzero"`
+	}
+
+	value := simple{0, 0.0, uint(0)}
+	expected := ""
+
+	encodeExpected(t, "simple with omitzero, all zero", value, expected, nil)
+
+	value.Number = 10
+	value.Real = 20
+	value.Unsigned = 5
+	expected = `number = 10
+real = 20.0
+unsigned = 5
+`
+	encodeExpected(t, "simple with omitzero, non-zero", value, expected, nil)
+}
+
+func encodeExpected(
+	t *testing.T, label string, val interface{}, wantStr string, wantErr error,
+) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := NewEncoder(&buf)
+	err := enc.Encode(val)
+	if err != wantErr {
+		if wantErr != nil {
+			if wantErr == errAnything && err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			t.Errorf("%s: want Encode error %v, got %v", label, wantErr, err)
+		} else {
+			t.Errorf("%s: Encode failed: %s", label, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if got := buf.String(); wantStr != got {
+		t.Errorf("%s: want\n-----\n%q\n-----\nbut got\n-----\n%q\n-----\n",
+			label, wantStr, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func ExampleEncoder_Encode() {
+	date, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC822, "14 Mar 10 18:00 UTC")
+	var config = map[string]interface{}{
+		"date":   date,
+		"counts": []int{1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8},
+		"hash": map[string]string{
+			"key1": "val1",
+			"key2": "val2",
+		},
+	}
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	if err := NewEncoder(buf).Encode(config); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(buf.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// counts = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
+	// date = 2010-03-14T18:00:00Z
+	//
+	// [hash]
+	//   key1 = "val1"
+	//   key2 = "val2"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// +build go1.2
+
+package toml
+
+// In order to support Go 1.1, we define our own TextMarshaler and
+// TextUnmarshaler types. For Go 1.2+, we just alias them with the
+// standard library interfaces.
+
+import (
+	"encoding"
+)
+
+// TextMarshaler is a synonym for encoding.TextMarshaler. It is defined here
+// so that Go 1.1 can be supported.
+type TextMarshaler encoding.TextMarshaler
+
+// TextUnmarshaler is a synonym for encoding.TextUnmarshaler. It is defined
+// here so that Go 1.1 can be supported.
+type TextUnmarshaler encoding.TextUnmarshaler
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// +build !go1.2
+
+package toml
+
+// These interfaces were introduced in Go 1.2, so we add them manually when
+// compiling for Go 1.1.
+
+// TextMarshaler is a synonym for encoding.TextMarshaler. It is defined here
+// so that Go 1.1 can be supported.
+type TextMarshaler interface {
+	MarshalText() (text []byte, err error)
+}
+
+// TextUnmarshaler is a synonym for encoding.TextUnmarshaler. It is defined
+// here so that Go 1.1 can be supported.
+type TextUnmarshaler interface {
+	UnmarshalText(text []byte) error
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+type itemType int
+
+const (
+	itemError itemType = iota
+	itemNIL            // used in the parser to indicate no type
+	itemEOF
+	itemText
+	itemString
+	itemRawString
+	itemMultilineString
+	itemRawMultilineString
+	itemBool
+	itemInteger
+	itemFloat
+	itemDatetime
+	itemArray // the start of an array
+	itemArrayEnd
+	itemTableStart
+	itemTableEnd
+	itemArrayTableStart
+	itemArrayTableEnd
+	itemKeyStart
+	itemCommentStart
+)
+
+const (
+	eof             = 0
+	tableStart      = '['
+	tableEnd        = ']'
+	arrayTableStart = '['
+	arrayTableEnd   = ']'
+	tableSep        = '.'
+	keySep          = '='
+	arrayStart      = '['
+	arrayEnd        = ']'
+	arrayValTerm    = ','
+	commentStart    = '#'
+	stringStart     = '"'
+	stringEnd       = '"'
+	rawStringStart  = '\''
+	rawStringEnd    = '\''
+)
+
+type stateFn func(lx *lexer) stateFn
+
+type lexer struct {
+	input string
+	start int
+	pos   int
+	width int
+	line  int
+	state stateFn
+	items chan item
+
+	// A stack of state functions used to maintain context.
+	// The idea is to reuse parts of the state machine in various places.
+	// For example, values can appear at the top level or within arbitrarily
+	// nested arrays. The last state on the stack is used after a value has
+	// been lexed. Similarly for comments.
+	stack []stateFn
+}
+
+type item struct {
+	typ  itemType
+	val  string
+	line int
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) nextItem() item {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case item := <-lx.items:
+			return item
+		default:
+			lx.state = lx.state(lx)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func lex(input string) *lexer {
+	lx := &lexer{
+		input: input + "\n",
+		state: lexTop,
+		line:  1,
+		items: make(chan item, 10),
+		stack: make([]stateFn, 0, 10),
+	}
+	return lx
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) push(state stateFn) {
+	lx.stack = append(lx.stack, state)
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) pop() stateFn {
+	if len(lx.stack) == 0 {
+		return lx.errorf("BUG in lexer: no states to pop.")
+	}
+	last := lx.stack[len(lx.stack)-1]
+	lx.stack = lx.stack[0 : len(lx.stack)-1]
+	return last
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) current() string {
+	return lx.input[lx.start:lx.pos]
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) emit(typ itemType) {
+	lx.items <- item{typ, lx.current(), lx.line}
+	lx.start = lx.pos
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) emitTrim(typ itemType) {
+	lx.items <- item{typ, strings.TrimSpace(lx.current()), lx.line}
+	lx.start = lx.pos
+}
+
+func (lx *lexer) next() (r rune) {
+	if lx.pos >= len(lx.input) {
+		lx.width = 0
+		return eof
+	}
+
+	if lx.input[lx.pos] == '\n' {
+		lx.line++
+	}
+	r, lx.width = utf8.DecodeRuneInString(lx.input[lx.pos:])
+	lx.pos += lx.width
+	return r
+}
+
+// ignore skips over the pending input before this point.
+func (lx *lexer) ignore() {
+	lx.start = lx.pos
+}
+
+// backup steps back one rune. Can be called only once per call of next.
+func (lx *lexer) backup() {
+	lx.pos -= lx.width
+	if lx.pos < len(lx.input) && lx.input[lx.pos] == '\n' {
+		lx.line--
+	}
+}
+
+// accept consumes the next rune if it's equal to `valid`.
+func (lx *lexer) accept(valid rune) bool {
+	if lx.next() == valid {
+		return true
+	}
+	lx.backup()
+	return false
+}
+
+// peek returns but does not consume the next rune in the input.
+func (lx *lexer) peek() rune {
+	r := lx.next()
+	lx.backup()
+	return r
+}
+
+// errorf stops all lexing by emitting an error and returning `nil`.
+// Note that any value that is a character is escaped if it's a special
+// character (new lines, tabs, etc.).
+func (lx *lexer) errorf(format string, values ...interface{}) stateFn {
+	lx.items <- item{
+		itemError,
+		fmt.Sprintf(format, values...),
+		lx.line,
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// lexTop consumes elements at the top level of TOML data.
+func lexTop(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	if isWhitespace(r) || isNL(r) {
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexTop)
+	}
+
+	switch r {
+	case commentStart:
+		lx.push(lexTop)
+		return lexCommentStart
+	case tableStart:
+		return lexTableStart
+	case eof:
+		if lx.pos > lx.start {
+			return lx.errorf("Unexpected EOF.")
+		}
+		lx.emit(itemEOF)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// At this point, the only valid item can be a key, so we back up
+	// and let the key lexer do the rest.
+	lx.backup()
+	lx.push(lexTopEnd)
+	return lexKeyStart
+}
+
+// lexTopEnd is entered whenever a top-level item has been consumed. (A value
+// or a table.) It must see only whitespace, and will turn back to lexTop
+// upon a new line. If it sees EOF, it will quit the lexer successfully.
+func lexTopEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case r == commentStart:
+		// a comment will read to a new line for us.
+		lx.push(lexTop)
+		return lexCommentStart
+	case isWhitespace(r):
+		return lexTopEnd
+	case isNL(r):
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lexTop
+	case r == eof:
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lexTop
+	}
+	return lx.errorf("Expected a top-level item to end with a new line, "+
+		"comment or EOF, but got %q instead.", r)
+}
+
+// lexTable lexes the beginning of a table. Namely, it makes sure that
+// it starts with a character other than '.' and ']'.
+// It assumes that '[' has already been consumed.
+// It also handles the case that this is an item in an array of tables.
+// e.g., '[[name]]'.
+func lexTableStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	if lx.peek() == arrayTableStart {
+		lx.next()
+		lx.emit(itemArrayTableStart)
+		lx.push(lexArrayTableEnd)
+	} else {
+		lx.emit(itemTableStart)
+		lx.push(lexTableEnd)
+	}
+	return lexTableNameStart
+}
+
+func lexTableEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	lx.emit(itemTableEnd)
+	return lexTopEnd
+}
+
+func lexArrayTableEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	if r := lx.next(); r != arrayTableEnd {
+		return lx.errorf("Expected end of table array name delimiter %q, "+
+			"but got %q instead.", arrayTableEnd, r)
+	}
+	lx.emit(itemArrayTableEnd)
+	return lexTopEnd
+}
+
+func lexTableNameStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	switch r := lx.peek(); {
+	case r == tableEnd || r == eof:
+		return lx.errorf("Unexpected end of table name. (Table names cannot " +
+			"be empty.)")
+	case r == tableSep:
+		return lx.errorf("Unexpected table separator. (Table names cannot " +
+			"be empty.)")
+	case r == stringStart || r == rawStringStart:
+		lx.ignore()
+		lx.push(lexTableNameEnd)
+		return lexValue // reuse string lexing
+	case isWhitespace(r):
+		return lexTableNameStart
+	default:
+		return lexBareTableName
+	}
+}
+
+// lexTableName lexes the name of a table. It assumes that at least one
+// valid character for the table has already been read.
+func lexBareTableName(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	switch r := lx.next(); {
+	case isBareKeyChar(r):
+		return lexBareTableName
+	case r == tableSep || r == tableEnd:
+		lx.backup()
+		lx.emitTrim(itemText)
+		return lexTableNameEnd
+	default:
+		return lx.errorf("Bare keys cannot contain %q.", r)
+	}
+}
+
+// lexTableNameEnd reads the end of a piece of a table name, optionally
+// consuming whitespace.
+func lexTableNameEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	switch r := lx.next(); {
+	case isWhitespace(r):
+		return lexTableNameEnd
+	case r == tableSep:
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lexTableNameStart
+	case r == tableEnd:
+		return lx.pop()
+	default:
+		return lx.errorf("Expected '.' or ']' to end table name, but got %q "+
+			"instead.", r)
+	}
+}
+
+// lexKeyStart consumes a key name up until the first non-whitespace character.
+// lexKeyStart will ignore whitespace.
+func lexKeyStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.peek()
+	switch {
+	case r == keySep:
+		return lx.errorf("Unexpected key separator %q.", keySep)
+	case isWhitespace(r) || isNL(r):
+		lx.next()
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexKeyStart)
+	case r == stringStart || r == rawStringStart:
+		lx.ignore()
+		lx.emit(itemKeyStart)
+		lx.push(lexKeyEnd)
+		return lexValue // reuse string lexing
+	default:
+		lx.ignore()
+		lx.emit(itemKeyStart)
+		return lexBareKey
+	}
+}
+
+// lexBareKey consumes the text of a bare key. Assumes that the first character
+// (which is not whitespace) has not yet been consumed.
+func lexBareKey(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	switch r := lx.next(); {
+	case isBareKeyChar(r):
+		return lexBareKey
+	case isWhitespace(r):
+		lx.emitTrim(itemText)
+		return lexKeyEnd
+	case r == keySep:
+		lx.backup()
+		lx.emitTrim(itemText)
+		return lexKeyEnd
+	default:
+		return lx.errorf("Bare keys cannot contain %q.", r)
+	}
+}
+
+// lexKeyEnd consumes the end of a key and trims whitespace (up to the key
+// separator).
+func lexKeyEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	switch r := lx.next(); {
+	case r == keySep:
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexValue)
+	case isWhitespace(r):
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexKeyEnd)
+	default:
+		return lx.errorf("Expected key separator %q, but got %q instead.",
+			keySep, r)
+	}
+}
+
+// lexValue starts the consumption of a value anywhere a value is expected.
+// lexValue will ignore whitespace.
+// After a value is lexed, the last state on the next is popped and returned.
+func lexValue(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	// We allow whitespace to precede a value, but NOT new lines.
+	// In array syntax, the array states are responsible for ignoring new
+	// lines.
+	r := lx.next()
+	if isWhitespace(r) {
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexValue)
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case r == arrayStart:
+		lx.ignore()
+		lx.emit(itemArray)
+		return lexArrayValue
+	case r == stringStart:
+		if lx.accept(stringStart) {
+			if lx.accept(stringStart) {
+				lx.ignore() // Ignore """
+				return lexMultilineString
+			}
+			lx.backup()
+		}
+		lx.ignore() // ignore the '"'
+		return lexString
+	case r == rawStringStart:
+		if lx.accept(rawStringStart) {
+			if lx.accept(rawStringStart) {
+				lx.ignore() // Ignore """
+				return lexMultilineRawString
+			}
+			lx.backup()
+		}
+		lx.ignore() // ignore the "'"
+		return lexRawString
+	case r == 't':
+		return lexTrue
+	case r == 'f':
+		return lexFalse
+	case r == '-':
+		return lexNumberStart
+	case isDigit(r):
+		lx.backup() // avoid an extra state and use the same as above
+		return lexNumberOrDateStart
+	case r == '.': // special error case, be kind to users
+		return lx.errorf("Floats must start with a digit, not '.'.")
+	}
+	return lx.errorf("Expected value but found %q instead.", r)
+}
+
+// lexArrayValue consumes one value in an array. It assumes that '[' or ','
+// have already been consumed. All whitespace and new lines are ignored.
+func lexArrayValue(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case isWhitespace(r) || isNL(r):
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexArrayValue)
+	case r == commentStart:
+		lx.push(lexArrayValue)
+		return lexCommentStart
+	case r == arrayValTerm:
+		return lx.errorf("Unexpected array value terminator %q.",
+			arrayValTerm)
+	case r == arrayEnd:
+		return lexArrayEnd
+	}
+
+	lx.backup()
+	lx.push(lexArrayValueEnd)
+	return lexValue
+}
+
+// lexArrayValueEnd consumes the cruft between values of an array. Namely,
+// it ignores whitespace and expects either a ',' or a ']'.
+func lexArrayValueEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case isWhitespace(r) || isNL(r):
+		return lexSkip(lx, lexArrayValueEnd)
+	case r == commentStart:
+		lx.push(lexArrayValueEnd)
+		return lexCommentStart
+	case r == arrayValTerm:
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lexArrayValue // move on to the next value
+	case r == arrayEnd:
+		return lexArrayEnd
+	}
+	return lx.errorf("Expected an array value terminator %q or an array "+
+		"terminator %q, but got %q instead.", arrayValTerm, arrayEnd, r)
+}
+
+// lexArrayEnd finishes the lexing of an array. It assumes that a ']' has
+// just been consumed.
+func lexArrayEnd(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	lx.ignore()
+	lx.emit(itemArrayEnd)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexString consumes the inner contents of a string. It assumes that the
+// beginning '"' has already been consumed and ignored.
+func lexString(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case isNL(r):
+		return lx.errorf("Strings cannot contain new lines.")
+	case r == '\\':
+		lx.push(lexString)
+		return lexStringEscape
+	case r == stringEnd:
+		lx.backup()
+		lx.emit(itemString)
+		lx.next()
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lx.pop()
+	}
+	return lexString
+}
+
+// lexMultilineString consumes the inner contents of a string. It assumes that
+// the beginning '"""' has already been consumed and ignored.
+func lexMultilineString(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case r == '\\':
+		return lexMultilineStringEscape
+	case r == stringEnd:
+		if lx.accept(stringEnd) {
+			if lx.accept(stringEnd) {
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.emit(itemMultilineString)
+				lx.next()
+				lx.next()
+				lx.next()
+				lx.ignore()
+				return lx.pop()
+			}
+			lx.backup()
+		}
+	}
+	return lexMultilineString
+}
+
+// lexRawString consumes a raw string. Nothing can be escaped in such a string.
+// It assumes that the beginning "'" has already been consumed and ignored.
+func lexRawString(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case isNL(r):
+		return lx.errorf("Strings cannot contain new lines.")
+	case r == rawStringEnd:
+		lx.backup()
+		lx.emit(itemRawString)
+		lx.next()
+		lx.ignore()
+		return lx.pop()
+	}
+	return lexRawString
+}
+
+// lexMultilineRawString consumes a raw string. Nothing can be escaped in such
+// a string. It assumes that the beginning "'" has already been consumed and
+// ignored.
+func lexMultilineRawString(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case r == rawStringEnd:
+		if lx.accept(rawStringEnd) {
+			if lx.accept(rawStringEnd) {
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.backup()
+				lx.emit(itemRawMultilineString)
+				lx.next()
+				lx.next()
+				lx.next()
+				lx.ignore()
+				return lx.pop()
+			}
+			lx.backup()
+		}
+	}
+	return lexMultilineRawString
+}
+
+// lexMultilineStringEscape consumes an escaped character. It assumes that the
+// preceding '\\' has already been consumed.
+func lexMultilineStringEscape(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	// Handle the special case first:
+	if isNL(lx.next()) {
+		lx.next()
+		return lexMultilineString
+	} else {
+		lx.backup()
+		lx.push(lexMultilineString)
+		return lexStringEscape(lx)
+	}
+}
+
+func lexStringEscape(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch r {
+	case 'b':
+		fallthrough
+	case 't':
+		fallthrough
+	case 'n':
+		fallthrough
+	case 'f':
+		fallthrough
+	case 'r':
+		fallthrough
+	case '"':
+		fallthrough
+	case '\\':
+		return lx.pop()
+	case 'u':
+		return lexShortUnicodeEscape
+	case 'U':
+		return lexLongUnicodeEscape
+	}
+	return lx.errorf("Invalid escape character %q. Only the following "+
+		"escape characters are allowed: "+
+		"\\b, \\t, \\n, \\f, \\r, \\\", \\/, \\\\, "+
+		"\\uXXXX and \\UXXXXXXXX.", r)
+}
+
+func lexShortUnicodeEscape(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	var r rune
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		r = lx.next()
+		if !isHexadecimal(r) {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected four hexadecimal digits after '\\u', "+
+				"but got '%s' instead.", lx.current())
+		}
+	}
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+func lexLongUnicodeEscape(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	var r rune
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		r = lx.next()
+		if !isHexadecimal(r) {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected eight hexadecimal digits after '\\U', "+
+				"but got '%s' instead.", lx.current())
+		}
+	}
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexNumberOrDateStart consumes either a (positive) integer, float or
+// datetime. It assumes that NO negative sign has been consumed.
+func lexNumberOrDateStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	if !isDigit(r) {
+		if r == '.' {
+			return lx.errorf("Floats must start with a digit, not '.'.")
+		} else {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected a digit but got %q.", r)
+		}
+	}
+	return lexNumberOrDate
+}
+
+// lexNumberOrDate consumes either a (positive) integer, float or datetime.
+func lexNumberOrDate(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case r == '-':
+		if lx.pos-lx.start != 5 {
+			return lx.errorf("All ISO8601 dates must be in full Zulu form.")
+		}
+		return lexDateAfterYear
+	case isDigit(r):
+		return lexNumberOrDate
+	case r == '.':
+		return lexFloatStart
+	}
+
+	lx.backup()
+	lx.emit(itemInteger)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexDateAfterYear consumes a full Zulu Datetime in ISO8601 format.
+// It assumes that "YYYY-" has already been consumed.
+func lexDateAfterYear(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	formats := []rune{
+		// digits are '0'.
+		// everything else is direct equality.
+		'0', '0', '-', '0', '0',
+		'T',
+		'0', '0', ':', '0', '0', ':', '0', '0',
+		'Z',
+	}
+	for _, f := range formats {
+		r := lx.next()
+		if f == '0' {
+			if !isDigit(r) {
+				return lx.errorf("Expected digit in ISO8601 datetime, "+
+					"but found %q instead.", r)
+			}
+		} else if f != r {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected %q in ISO8601 datetime, "+
+				"but found %q instead.", f, r)
+		}
+	}
+	lx.emit(itemDatetime)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexNumberStart consumes either an integer or a float. It assumes that
+// a negative sign has already been read, but that *no* digits have been
+// consumed. lexNumberStart will move to the appropriate integer or float
+// states.
+func lexNumberStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	// we MUST see a digit. Even floats have to start with a digit.
+	r := lx.next()
+	if !isDigit(r) {
+		if r == '.' {
+			return lx.errorf("Floats must start with a digit, not '.'.")
+		} else {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected a digit but got %q.", r)
+		}
+	}
+	return lexNumber
+}
+
+// lexNumber consumes an integer or a float after seeing the first digit.
+func lexNumber(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	switch {
+	case isDigit(r):
+		return lexNumber
+	case r == '.':
+		return lexFloatStart
+	}
+
+	lx.backup()
+	lx.emit(itemInteger)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexFloatStart starts the consumption of digits of a float after a '.'.
+// Namely, at least one digit is required.
+func lexFloatStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	if !isDigit(r) {
+		return lx.errorf("Floats must have a digit after the '.', but got "+
+			"%q instead.", r)
+	}
+	return lexFloat
+}
+
+// lexFloat consumes the digits of a float after a '.'.
+// Assumes that one digit has been consumed after a '.' already.
+func lexFloat(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.next()
+	if isDigit(r) {
+		return lexFloat
+	}
+
+	lx.backup()
+	lx.emit(itemFloat)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexConst consumes the s[1:] in s. It assumes that s[0] has already been
+// consumed.
+func lexConst(lx *lexer, s string) stateFn {
+	for i := range s[1:] {
+		if r := lx.next(); r != rune(s[i+1]) {
+			return lx.errorf("Expected %q, but found %q instead.", s[:i+1],
+				s[:i]+string(r))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// lexTrue consumes the "rue" in "true". It assumes that 't' has already
+// been consumed.
+func lexTrue(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	if fn := lexConst(lx, "true"); fn != nil {
+		return fn
+	}
+	lx.emit(itemBool)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexFalse consumes the "alse" in "false". It assumes that 'f' has already
+// been consumed.
+func lexFalse(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	if fn := lexConst(lx, "false"); fn != nil {
+		return fn
+	}
+	lx.emit(itemBool)
+	return lx.pop()
+}
+
+// lexCommentStart begins the lexing of a comment. It will emit
+// itemCommentStart and consume no characters, passing control to lexComment.
+func lexCommentStart(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	lx.ignore()
+	lx.emit(itemCommentStart)
+	return lexComment
+}
+
+// lexComment lexes an entire comment. It assumes that '#' has been consumed.
+// It will consume *up to* the first new line character, and pass control
+// back to the last state on the stack.
+func lexComment(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+	r := lx.peek()
+	if isNL(r) || r == eof {
+		lx.emit(itemText)
+		return lx.pop()
+	}
+	lx.next()
+	return lexComment
+}
+
+// lexSkip ignores all slurped input and moves on to the next state.
+func lexSkip(lx *lexer, nextState stateFn) stateFn {
+	return func(lx *lexer) stateFn {
+		lx.ignore()
+		return nextState
+	}
+}
+
+// isWhitespace returns true if `r` is a whitespace character according
+// to the spec.
+func isWhitespace(r rune) bool {
+	return r == '\t' || r == ' '
+}
+
+func isNL(r rune) bool {
+	return r == '\n' || r == '\r'
+}
+
+func isDigit(r rune) bool {
+	return r >= '0' && r <= '9'
+}
+
+func isHexadecimal(r rune) bool {
+	return (r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
+		(r >= 'a' && r <= 'f') ||
+		(r >= 'A' && r <= 'F')
+}
+
+func isBareKeyChar(r rune) bool {
+	return (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
+		(r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
+		(r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
+		r == '_' ||
+		r == '-'
+}
+
+func (itype itemType) String() string {
+	switch itype {
+	case itemError:
+		return "Error"
+	case itemNIL:
+		return "NIL"
+	case itemEOF:
+		return "EOF"
+	case itemText:
+		return "Text"
+	case itemString:
+		return "String"
+	case itemRawString:
+		return "String"
+	case itemMultilineString:
+		return "String"
+	case itemRawMultilineString:
+		return "String"
+	case itemBool:
+		return "Bool"
+	case itemInteger:
+		return "Integer"
+	case itemFloat:
+		return "Float"
+	case itemDatetime:
+		return "DateTime"
+	case itemTableStart:
+		return "TableStart"
+	case itemTableEnd:
+		return "TableEnd"
+	case itemKeyStart:
+		return "KeyStart"
+	case itemArray:
+		return "Array"
+	case itemArrayEnd:
+		return "ArrayEnd"
+	case itemCommentStart:
+		return "CommentStart"
+	}
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("BUG: Unknown type '%d'.", int(itype)))
+}
+
+func (item item) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("(%s, %s)", item.typ.String(), item.val)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+package toml
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+type parser struct {
+	mapping map[string]interface{}
+	types   map[string]tomlType
+	lx      *lexer
+
+	// A list of keys in the order that they appear in the TOML data.
+	ordered []Key
+
+	// the full key for the current hash in scope
+	context Key
+
+	// the base key name for everything except hashes
+	currentKey string
+
+	// rough approximation of line number
+	approxLine int
+
+	// A map of 'key.group.names' to whether they were created implicitly.
+	implicits map[string]bool
+}
+
+type parseError string
+
+func (pe parseError) Error() string {
+	return string(pe)
+}
+
+func parse(data string) (p *parser, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			var ok bool
+			if err, ok = r.(parseError); ok {
+				return
+			}
+			panic(r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	p = &parser{
+		mapping:   make(map[string]interface{}),
+		types:     make(map[string]tomlType),
+		lx:        lex(data),
+		ordered:   make([]Key, 0),
+		implicits: make(map[string]bool),
+	}
+	for {
+		item := p.next()
+		if item.typ == itemEOF {
+			break
+		}
+		p.topLevel(item)
+	}
+
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) panicf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("Near line %d (last key parsed '%s'): %s",
+		p.approxLine, p.current(), fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+	panic(parseError(msg))
+}
+
+func (p *parser) next() item {
+	it := p.lx.nextItem()
+	if it.typ == itemError {
+		p.panicf("%s", it.val)
+	}
+	return it
+}
+
+func (p *parser) bug(format string, v ...interface{}) {
+	log.Fatalf("BUG: %s\n\n", fmt.Sprintf(format, v...))
+}
+
+func (p *parser) expect(typ itemType) item {
+	it := p.next()
+	p.assertEqual(typ, it.typ)
+	return it
+}
+
+func (p *parser) assertEqual(expected, got itemType) {
+	if expected != got {
+		p.bug("Expected '%s' but got '%s'.", expected, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *parser) topLevel(item item) {
+	switch item.typ {
+	case itemCommentStart:
+		p.approxLine = item.line
+		p.expect(itemText)
+	case itemTableStart:
+		kg := p.next()
+		p.approxLine = kg.line
+
+		var key Key
+		for ; kg.typ != itemTableEnd && kg.typ != itemEOF; kg = p.next() {
+			key = append(key, p.keyString(kg))
+		}
+		p.assertEqual(itemTableEnd, kg.typ)
+
+		p.establishContext(key, false)
+		p.setType("", tomlHash)
+		p.ordered = append(p.ordered, key)
+	case itemArrayTableStart:
+		kg := p.next()
+		p.approxLine = kg.line
+
+		var key Key
+		for ; kg.typ != itemArrayTableEnd && kg.typ != itemEOF; kg = p.next() {
+			key = append(key, p.keyString(kg))
+		}
+		p.assertEqual(itemArrayTableEnd, kg.typ)
+
+		p.establishContext(key, true)
+		p.setType("", tomlArrayHash)
+		p.ordered = append(p.ordered, key)
+	case itemKeyStart:
+		kname := p.next()
+		p.approxLine = kname.line
+		p.currentKey = p.keyString(kname)
+
+		val, typ := p.value(p.next())
+		p.setValue(p.currentKey, val)
+		p.setType(p.currentKey, typ)
+		p.ordered = append(p.ordered, p.context.add(p.currentKey))
+		p.currentKey = ""
+	default:
+		p.bug("Unexpected type at top level: %s", item.typ)
+	}
+}
+
+// Gets a string for a key (or part of a key in a table name).
+func (p *parser) keyString(it item) string {
+	switch it.typ {
+	case itemText:
+		return it.val
+	case itemString, itemMultilineString,
+		itemRawString, itemRawMultilineString:
+		s, _ := p.value(it)
+		return s.(string)
+	default:
+		p.bug("Unexpected key type: %s", it.typ)
+		panic("unreachable")
+	}
+}
+
+// value translates an expected value from the lexer into a Go value wrapped
+// as an empty interface.
+func (p *parser) value(it item) (interface{}, tomlType) {
+	switch it.typ {
+	case itemString:
+		return p.replaceEscapes(it.val), p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemMultilineString:
+		trimmed := stripFirstNewline(stripEscapedWhitespace(it.val))
+		return p.replaceEscapes(trimmed), p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemRawString:
+		return it.val, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemRawMultilineString:
+		return stripFirstNewline(it.val), p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemBool:
+		switch it.val {
+		case "true":
+			return true, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+		case "false":
+			return false, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+		}
+		p.bug("Expected boolean value, but got '%s'.", it.val)
+	case itemInteger:
+		num, err := strconv.ParseInt(it.val, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			// See comment below for floats describing why we make a
+			// distinction between a bug and a user error.
+			if e, ok := err.(*strconv.NumError); ok &&
+				e.Err == strconv.ErrRange {
+
+				p.panicf("Integer '%s' is out of the range of 64-bit "+
+					"signed integers.", it.val)
+			} else {
+				p.bug("Expected integer value, but got '%s'.", it.val)
+			}
+		}
+		return num, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemFloat:
+		num, err := strconv.ParseFloat(it.val, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Distinguish float values. Normally, it'd be a bug if the lexer
+			// provides an invalid float, but it's possible that the float is
+			// out of range of valid values (which the lexer cannot determine).
+			// So mark the former as a bug but the latter as a legitimate user
+			// error.
+			//
+			// This is also true for integers.
+			if e, ok := err.(*strconv.NumError); ok &&
+				e.Err == strconv.ErrRange {
+
+				p.panicf("Float '%s' is out of the range of 64-bit "+
+					"IEEE-754 floating-point numbers.", it.val)
+			} else {
+				p.bug("Expected float value, but got '%s'.", it.val)
+			}
+		}
+		return num, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemDatetime:
+		t, err := time.Parse("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z", it.val)
+		if err != nil {
+			p.bug("Expected Zulu formatted DateTime, but got '%s'.", it.val)
+		}
+		return t, p.typeOfPrimitive(it)
+	case itemArray:
+		array := make([]interface{}, 0)
+		types := make([]tomlType, 0)
+
+		for it = p.next(); it.typ != itemArrayEnd; it = p.next() {
+			if it.typ == itemCommentStart {
+				p.expect(itemText)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			val, typ := p.value(it)
+			array = append(array, val)
+			types = append(types, typ)
+		}
+		return array, p.typeOfArray(types)
+	}
+	p.bug("Unexpected value type: %s", it.typ)
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+// establishContext sets the current context of the parser,
+// where the context is either a hash or an array of hashes. Which one is
+// set depends on the value of the `array` parameter.
+//
+// Establishing the context also makes sure that the key isn't a duplicate, and
+// will create implicit hashes automatically.
+func (p *parser) establishContext(key Key, array bool) {
+	var ok bool
+
+	// Always start at the top level and drill down for our context.
+	hashContext := p.mapping
+	keyContext := make(Key, 0)
+
+	// We only need implicit hashes for key[0:-1]
+	for _, k := range key[0 : len(key)-1] {
+		_, ok = hashContext[k]
+		keyContext = append(keyContext, k)
+
+		// No key? Make an implicit hash and move on.
+		if !ok {
+			p.addImplicit(keyContext)
+			hashContext[k] = make(map[string]interface{})
+		}
+
+		// If the hash context is actually an array of tables, then set
+		// the hash context to the last element in that array.
+		//
+		// Otherwise, it better be a table, since this MUST be a key group (by
+		// virtue of it not being the last element in a key).
+		switch t := hashContext[k].(type) {
+		case []map[string]interface{}:
+			hashContext = t[len(t)-1]
+		case map[string]interface{}:
+			hashContext = t
+		default:
+			p.panicf("Key '%s' was already created as a hash.", keyContext)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.context = keyContext
+	if array {
+		// If this is the first element for this array, then allocate a new
+		// list of tables for it.
+		k := key[len(key)-1]
+		if _, ok := hashContext[k]; !ok {
+			hashContext[k] = make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, 5)
+		}
+
+		// Add a new table. But make sure the key hasn't already been used
+		// for something else.
+		if hash, ok := hashContext[k].([]map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			hashContext[k] = append(hash, make(map[string]interface{}))
+		} else {
+			p.panicf("Key '%s' was already created and cannot be used as "+
+				"an array.", keyContext)
+		}
+	} else {
+		p.setValue(key[len(key)-1], make(map[string]interface{}))
+	}
+	p.context = append(p.context, key[len(key)-1])
+}
+
+// setValue sets the given key to the given value in the current context.
+// It will make sure that the key hasn't already been defined, account for
+// implicit key groups.
+func (p *parser) setValue(key string, value interface{}) {
+	var tmpHash interface{}
+	var ok bool
+
+	hash := p.mapping
+	keyContext := make(Key, 0)
+	for _, k := range p.context {
+		keyContext = append(keyContext, k)
+		if tmpHash, ok = hash[k]; !ok {
+			p.bug("Context for key '%s' has not been established.", keyContext)
+		}
+		switch t := tmpHash.(type) {
+		case []map[string]interface{}:
+			// The context is a table of hashes. Pick the most recent table
+			// defined as the current hash.
+			hash = t[len(t)-1]
+		case map[string]interface{}:
+			hash = t
+		default:
+			p.bug("Expected hash to have type 'map[string]interface{}', but "+
+				"it has '%T' instead.", tmpHash)
+		}
+	}
+	keyContext = append(keyContext, key)
+
+	if _, ok := hash[key]; ok {
+		// Typically, if the given key has already been set, then we have
+		// to raise an error since duplicate keys are disallowed. However,
+		// it's possible that a key was previously defined implicitly. In this
+		// case, it is allowed to be redefined concretely. (See the
+		// `tests/valid/implicit-and-explicit-after.toml` test in `toml-test`.)
+		//
+		// But we have to make sure to stop marking it as an implicit. (So that
+		// another redefinition provokes an error.)
+		//
+		// Note that since it has already been defined (as a hash), we don't
+		// want to overwrite it. So our business is done.
+		if p.isImplicit(keyContext) {
+			p.removeImplicit(keyContext)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Otherwise, we have a concrete key trying to override a previous
+		// key, which is *always* wrong.
+		p.panicf("Key '%s' has already been defined.", keyContext)
+	}
+	hash[key] = value
+}
+
+// setType sets the type of a particular value at a given key.
+// It should be called immediately AFTER setValue.
+//
+// Note that if `key` is empty, then the type given will be applied to the
+// current context (which is either a table or an array of tables).
+func (p *parser) setType(key string, typ tomlType) {
+	keyContext := make(Key, 0, len(p.context)+1)
+	for _, k := range p.context {
+		keyContext = append(keyContext, k)
+	}
+	if len(key) > 0 { // allow type setting for hashes
+		keyContext = append(keyContext, key)
+	}
+	p.types[keyContext.String()] = typ
+}
+
+// addImplicit sets the given Key as having been created implicitly.
+func (p *parser) addImplicit(key Key) {
+	p.implicits[key.String()] = true
+}
+
+// removeImplicit stops tagging the given key as having been implicitly
+// created.
+func (p *parser) removeImplicit(key Key) {
+	p.implicits[key.String()] = false
+}
+
+// isImplicit returns true if the key group pointed to by the key was created
+// implicitly.
+func (p *parser) isImplicit(key Key) bool {
+	return p.implicits[key.String()]
+}
+
+// current returns the full key name of the current context.
+func (p *parser) current() string {
+	if len(p.currentKey) == 0 {
+		return p.context.String()
+	}
+	if len(p.context) == 0 {
+		return p.currentKey
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", p.context, p.currentKey)
+}
+
+func stripFirstNewline(s string) string {
+	if len(s) == 0 || s[0] != '\n' {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[1:len(s)]
+}
+
+func stripEscapedWhitespace(s string) string {
+	esc := strings.Split(s, "\\\n")
+	if len(esc) > 1 {
+		for i := 1; i < len(esc); i++ {
+			esc[i] = strings.TrimLeftFunc(esc[i], unicode.IsSpace)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(esc, "")
+}
+
+func (p *parser) replaceEscapes(str string) string {
+	var replaced []rune
+	s := []byte(str)
+	r := 0
+	for r < len(s) {
+		if s[r] != '\\' {
+			c, size := utf8.DecodeRune(s[r:])
+			r += size
+			replaced = append(replaced, c)
+			continue
+		}
+		r += 1
+		if r >= len(s) {
+			p.bug("Escape sequence at end of string.")
+			return ""
+		}
+		switch s[r] {
+		default:
+			p.bug("Expected valid escape code after \\, but got %q.", s[r])
+			return ""
+		case 'b':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x0008))
+			r += 1
+		case 't':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x0009))
+			r += 1
+		case 'n':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x000A))
+			r += 1
+		case 'f':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x000C))
+			r += 1
+		case 'r':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x000D))
+			r += 1
+		case '"':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x0022))
+			r += 1
+		case '\\':
+			replaced = append(replaced, rune(0x005C))
+			r += 1
+		case 'u':
+			// At this point, we know we have a Unicode escape of the form
+			// `uXXXX` at [r, r+5). (Because the lexer guarantees this
+			// for us.)
+			escaped := p.asciiEscapeToUnicode(s[r+1 : r+5])
+			replaced = append(replaced, escaped)
+			r += 5
+		case 'U':
+			// At this point, we know we have a Unicode escape of the form
+			// `uXXXX` at [r, r+9). (Because the lexer guarantees this
+			// for us.)
+			escaped := p.asciiEscapeToUnicode(s[r+1 : r+9])
+			replaced = append(replaced, escaped)
+			r += 9
+		}
+	}
+	return string(replaced)
+}
+
+func (p *parser) asciiEscapeToUnicode(bs []byte) rune {
+	s := string(bs)
+	hex, err := strconv.ParseUint(strings.ToLower(s), 16, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		p.bug("Could not parse '%s' as a hexadecimal number, but the "+
+			"lexer claims it's OK: %s", s, err)
+	}
+
+	// BUG(burntsushi)
+	// I honestly don't understand how this works. I can't seem
+	// to find a way to make this fail. I figured this would fail on invalid
+	// UTF-8 characters like U+DCFF, but it doesn't.
+	if !utf8.ValidString(string(rune(hex))) {
+		p.panicf("Escaped character '\\u%s' is not valid UTF-8.", s)
+	}
+	return rune(hex)
+}
+
+func isStringType(ty itemType) bool {
+	return ty == itemString || ty == itemMultilineString ||
+		ty == itemRawString || ty == itemRawMultilineString
+}
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+au BufWritePost *.go silent!make tags > /dev/null 2>&1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package toml
+
+// tomlType represents any Go type that corresponds to a TOML type.
+// While the first draft of the TOML spec has a simplistic type system that
+// probably doesn't need this level of sophistication, we seem to be militating
+// toward adding real composite types.
+type tomlType interface {
+	typeString() string
+}
+
+// typeEqual accepts any two types and returns true if they are equal.
+func typeEqual(t1, t2 tomlType) bool {
+	if t1 == nil || t2 == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return t1.typeString() == t2.typeString()
+}
+
+func typeIsHash(t tomlType) bool {
+	return typeEqual(t, tomlHash) || typeEqual(t, tomlArrayHash)
+}
+
+type tomlBaseType string
+
+func (btype tomlBaseType) typeString() string {
+	return string(btype)
+}
+
+func (btype tomlBaseType) String() string {
+	return btype.typeString()
+}
+
+var (
+	tomlInteger   tomlBaseType = "Integer"
+	tomlFloat     tomlBaseType = "Float"
+	tomlDatetime  tomlBaseType = "Datetime"
+	tomlString    tomlBaseType = "String"
+	tomlBool      tomlBaseType = "Bool"
+	tomlArray     tomlBaseType = "Array"
+	tomlHash      tomlBaseType = "Hash"
+	tomlArrayHash tomlBaseType = "ArrayHash"
+)
+
+// typeOfPrimitive returns a tomlType of any primitive value in TOML.
+// Primitive values are: Integer, Float, Datetime, String and Bool.
+//
+// Passing a lexer item other than the following will cause a BUG message
+// to occur: itemString, itemBool, itemInteger, itemFloat, itemDatetime.
+func (p *parser) typeOfPrimitive(lexItem item) tomlType {
+	switch lexItem.typ {
+	case itemInteger:
+		return tomlInteger
+	case itemFloat:
+		return tomlFloat
+	case itemDatetime:
+		return tomlDatetime
+	case itemString:
+		return tomlString
+	case itemMultilineString:
+		return tomlString
+	case itemRawString:
+		return tomlString
+	case itemRawMultilineString:
+		return tomlString
+	case itemBool:
+		return tomlBool
+	}
+	p.bug("Cannot infer primitive type of lex item '%s'.", lexItem)
+	panic("unreachable")
+}
+
+// typeOfArray returns a tomlType for an array given a list of types of its
+// values.
+//
+// In the current spec, if an array is homogeneous, then its type is always
+// "Array". If the array is not homogeneous, an error is generated.
+func (p *parser) typeOfArray(types []tomlType) tomlType {
+	// Empty arrays are cool.
+	if len(types) == 0 {
+		return tomlArray
+	}
+
+	theType := types[0]
+	for _, t := range types[1:] {
+		if !typeEqual(theType, t) {
+			p.panicf("Array contains values of type '%s' and '%s', but "+
+				"arrays must be homogeneous.", theType, t)
+		}
+	}
+	return tomlArray
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package toml
+
+// Struct field handling is adapted from code in encoding/json:
+//
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors.  All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the Go distribution.
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// A field represents a single field found in a struct.
+type field struct {
+	name  string       // the name of the field (`toml` tag included)
+	tag   bool         // whether field has a `toml` tag
+	index []int        // represents the depth of an anonymous field
+	typ   reflect.Type // the type of the field
+}
+
+// byName sorts field by name, breaking ties with depth,
+// then breaking ties with "name came from toml tag", then
+// breaking ties with index sequence.
+type byName []field
+
+func (x byName) Len() int { return len(x) }
+
+func (x byName) Swap(i, j int) { x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] }
+
+func (x byName) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	if x[i].name != x[j].name {
+		return x[i].name < x[j].name
+	}
+	if len(x[i].index) != len(x[j].index) {
+		return len(x[i].index) < len(x[j].index)
+	}
+	if x[i].tag != x[j].tag {
+		return x[i].tag
+	}
+	return byIndex(x).Less(i, j)
+}
+
+// byIndex sorts field by index sequence.
+type byIndex []field
+
+func (x byIndex) Len() int { return len(x) }
+
+func (x byIndex) Swap(i, j int) { x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] }
+
+func (x byIndex) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	for k, xik := range x[i].index {
+		if k >= len(x[j].index) {
+			return false
+		}
+		if xik != x[j].index[k] {
+			return xik < x[j].index[k]
+		}
+	}
+	return len(x[i].index) < len(x[j].index)
+}
+
+// typeFields returns a list of fields that TOML should recognize for the given
+// type. The algorithm is breadth-first search over the set of structs to
+// include - the top struct and then any reachable anonymous structs.
+func typeFields(t reflect.Type) []field {
+	// Anonymous fields to explore at the current level and the next.
+	current := []field{}
+	next := []field{{typ: t}}
+
+	// Count of queued names for current level and the next.
+	count := map[reflect.Type]int{}
+	nextCount := map[reflect.Type]int{}
+
+	// Types already visited at an earlier level.
+	visited := map[reflect.Type]bool{}
+
+	// Fields found.
+	var fields []field
+
+	for len(next) > 0 {
+		current, next = next, current[:0]
+		count, nextCount = nextCount, map[reflect.Type]int{}
+
+		for _, f := range current {
+			if visited[f.typ] {
+				continue
+			}
+			visited[f.typ] = true
+
+			// Scan f.typ for fields to include.
+			for i := 0; i < f.typ.NumField(); i++ {
+				sf := f.typ.Field(i)
+				if sf.PkgPath != "" { // unexported
+					continue
+				}
+				name := sf.Tag.Get("toml")
+				if name == "-" {
+					continue
+				}
+				index := make([]int, len(f.index)+1)
+				copy(index, f.index)
+				index[len(f.index)] = i
+
+				ft := sf.Type
+				if ft.Name() == "" && ft.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+					// Follow pointer.
+					ft = ft.Elem()
+				}
+
+				// Record found field and index sequence.
+				if name != "" || !sf.Anonymous || ft.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+					tagged := name != ""
+					if name == "" {
+						name = sf.Name
+					}
+					fields = append(fields, field{name, tagged, index, ft})
+					if count[f.typ] > 1 {
+						// If there were multiple instances, add a second,
+						// so that the annihilation code will see a duplicate.
+						// It only cares about the distinction between 1 or 2,
+						// so don't bother generating any more copies.
+						fields = append(fields, fields[len(fields)-1])
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// Record new anonymous struct to explore in next round.
+				nextCount[ft]++
+				if nextCount[ft] == 1 {
+					f := field{name: ft.Name(), index: index, typ: ft}
+					next = append(next, f)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sort.Sort(byName(fields))
+
+	// Delete all fields that are hidden by the Go rules for embedded fields,
+	// except that fields with TOML tags are promoted.
+
+	// The fields are sorted in primary order of name, secondary order
+	// of field index length. Loop over names; for each name, delete
+	// hidden fields by choosing the one dominant field that survives.
+	out := fields[:0]
+	for advance, i := 0, 0; i < len(fields); i += advance {
+		// One iteration per name.
+		// Find the sequence of fields with the name of this first field.
+		fi := fields[i]
+		name := fi.name
+		for advance = 1; i+advance < len(fields); advance++ {
+			fj := fields[i+advance]
+			if fj.name != name {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if advance == 1 { // Only one field with this name
+			out = append(out, fi)
+			continue
+		}
+		dominant, ok := dominantField(fields[i : i+advance])
+		if ok {
+			out = append(out, dominant)
+		}
+	}
+
+	fields = out
+	sort.Sort(byIndex(fields))
+
+	return fields
+}
+
+// dominantField looks through the fields, all of which are known to
+// have the same name, to find the single field that dominates the
+// others using Go's embedding rules, modified by the presence of
+// TOML tags. If there are multiple top-level fields, the boolean
+// will be false: This condition is an error in Go and we skip all
+// the fields.
+func dominantField(fields []field) (field, bool) {
+	// The fields are sorted in increasing index-length order. The winner
+	// must therefore be one with the shortest index length. Drop all
+	// longer entries, which is easy: just truncate the slice.
+	length := len(fields[0].index)
+	tagged := -1 // Index of first tagged field.
+	for i, f := range fields {
+		if len(f.index) > length {
+			fields = fields[:i]
+			break
+		}
+		if f.tag {
+			if tagged >= 0 {
+				// Multiple tagged fields at the same level: conflict.
+				// Return no field.
+				return field{}, false
+			}
+			tagged = i
+		}
+	}
+	if tagged >= 0 {
+		return fields[tagged], true
+	}
+	// All remaining fields have the same length. If there's more than one,
+	// we have a conflict (two fields named "X" at the same level) and we
+	// return no field.
+	if len(fields) > 1 {
+		return field{}, false
+	}
+	return fields[0], true
+}
+
+var fieldCache struct {
+	sync.RWMutex
+	m map[reflect.Type][]field
+}
+
+// cachedTypeFields is like typeFields but uses a cache to avoid repeated work.
+func cachedTypeFields(t reflect.Type) []field {
+	fieldCache.RLock()
+	f := fieldCache.m[t]
+	fieldCache.RUnlock()
+	if f != nil {
+		return f
+	}
+
+	// Compute fields without lock.
+	// Might duplicate effort but won't hold other computations back.
+	f = typeFields(t)
+	if f == nil {
+		f = []field{}
+	}
+
+	fieldCache.Lock()
+	if fieldCache.m == nil {
+		fieldCache.m = map[reflect.Type][]field{}
+	}
+	fieldCache.m[t] = f
+	fieldCache.Unlock()
+	return f
+}
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-Macaron [![Build Status](https://drone.io/github.com/Unknwon/macaron/status.png)](https://drone.io/github.com/Unknwon/macaron/latest) [![](http://gocover.io/_badge/github.com/Unknwon/macaron)](http://gocover.io/github.com/Unknwon/macaron)
-=======================
-
-![Macaron Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Unknwon/macaron/master/macaronlogo.png)
-
-Package macaron is a high productive and modular design web framework in Go.
-
-##### Current version: 0.5.4
-
-## Getting Started
-
-To install Macaron:
-
-	go get github.com/Unknwon/macaron
-
-The very basic usage of Macaron:
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import "github.com/Unknwon/macaron"
-
-func main() {
-	m := macaron.Classic()
-	m.Get("/", func() string {
-		return "Hello world!"
-	})
-	m.Run()
-}
-```
-
-## Features
-
- Powerful routing with suburl.
- Flexible routes combinations.
- Unlimited nested group routers.
- Directly integrate with existing services.
- Dynamically change template files at runtime.
- Allow to use in-memory template and static files.
- Easy to plugin/unplugin features with modular design.
- Handy dependency injection powered by [inject](https://github.com/codegangsta/inject).
- Better router layer and less reflection make faster speed.
-
-## Middlewares
-
-Middlewares allow you easily plugin/unplugin features for your Macaron applications.
-
-There are already many [middlewares](https://github.com/macaron-contrib) to simplify your work:
-
- gzip - Gzip compression to all requests
- render - Go template engine
- static - Serves static files
- [binding](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/binding) - Request data binding and validation
- [i18n](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/i18n) - Internationalization and Localization
- [cache](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/cache) - Cache manager
- [session](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/session) - Session manager
- [csrf](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/csrf) - Generates and validates csrf tokens
- [captcha](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/captcha) - Captcha service
- [pongo2](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/pongo2) - Pongo2 template engine support
- [sockets](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/sockets) - WebSockets channels binding
- [bindata](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/bindata) - Embed binary data as static and template files
- [toolbox](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/toolbox) - Health check, pprof, profile and statistic services
- [oauth2](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/oauth2) - OAuth 2.0 backend
- [switcher](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/switcher) - Multiple-site support
- [method](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/method) - HTTP method override
- [permissions2](https://github.com/xyproto/permissions2) - Cookies, users and permissions
- [renders](https://github.com/macaron-contrib/renders) - Beego-like render engine(Macaron has built-in template engine, this is another option)
-
-## Use Cases
-
- [Gogs](https://github.com/gogits/gogs): Go Git Service
- [Gogs Web](https://github.com/gogits/gogsweb): Gogs official website
- [Go Walker](https://gowalker.org): Go online API documentation
- [Switch](https://github.com/gpmgo/switch): Gopm registry
- [YouGam](http://yougam.com): Online Forum
- [Car Girl](http://qcnl.gzsy.com/): Online campaign
- [Critical Stack Intel](https://intel.criticalstack.com/): A 100% free intel marketplace from Critical Stack, Inc.
-
-## Getting Help
-
- [API Reference](https://gowalker.org/github.com/Unknwon/macaron)
- [Documentation](http://macaron.gogs.io)
- [FAQs](http://macaron.gogs.io/docs/faqs)
- [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/Unknwon/macaron](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/Unknwon/macaron?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
-
-## Credits
-
- Basic design of [Martini](https://github.com/go-martini/martini).
- Router layer of [beego](https://github.com/astaxie/beego).
- Logo is modified by [@insionng](https://github.com/insionng) based on [Tribal Dragon](http://xtremeyamazaki.deviantart.com/art/Tribal-Dragon-27005087).
-
-## License
-
-This project is under Apache v2 License. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for the full license text.
@@ -1,370 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/url"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/Unknwon/com"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Context(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Do advanced encapsulation operations", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderers(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}, "fixtures/basic2"))
-
-		Convey("Get request body", func() {
-			m.Get("/body1", func(ctx *Context) {
-				data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(ctx.Req.Body().ReadCloser())
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				So(string(data), ShouldEqual, "This is my request body")
-			})
-			m.Get("/body2", func(ctx *Context) {
-				data, err := ctx.Req.Body().Bytes()
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				So(string(data), ShouldEqual, "This is my request body")
-			})
-			m.Get("/body3", func(ctx *Context) {
-				data, err := ctx.Req.Body().String()
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				So(data, ShouldEqual, "This is my request body")
-			})
-
-			for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/body"+com.ToStr(i), nil)
-				req.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString("This is my request body"))
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			}
-		})
-
-		Convey("Get remote IP address", func() {
-			m.Get("/remoteaddr", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				return ctx.RemoteAddr()
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/remoteaddr", nil)
-			req.RemoteAddr = "127.0.0.1:3333"
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "127.0.0.1")
-		})
-
-		Convey("Render HTML", func() {
-
-			Convey("Normal HTML", func() {
-				m.Get("/html", func(ctx *Context) {
-					ctx.HTML(304, "hello", "Unknwon") // 304 for logger test.
-				})
-
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/html", nil)
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-				So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello Unknwon</h1>")
-			})
-
-			Convey("HTML template set", func() {
-				m.Get("/html2", func(ctx *Context) {
-					ctx.Data["Name"] = "Unknwon"
-					ctx.HTMLSet(200, "basic2", "hello2")
-				})
-
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/html2", nil)
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-				So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello Unknwon</h1>")
-			})
-
-			Convey("With layout", func() {
-				m.Get("/layout", func(ctx *Context) {
-					ctx.HTML(200, "hello", "Unknwon", HTMLOptions{"layout"})
-				})
-
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/layout", nil)
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-				So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "head<h1>Hello Unknwon</h1>foot")
-			})
-		})
-
-		Convey("Parse from and query", func() {
-			m.Get("/query", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				var buf bytes.Buffer
-				buf.WriteString(ctx.QueryTrim("name") + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(ctx.QueryEscape("name") + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.QueryInt("int")) + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.QueryInt64("int64")) + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.QueryFloat64("float64")) + " ")
-				return buf.String()
-			})
-			m.Get("/query2", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				var buf bytes.Buffer
-				buf.WriteString(strings.Join(ctx.QueryStrings("list"), ",") + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(strings.Join(ctx.QueryStrings("404"), ",") + " ")
-				return buf.String()
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/query?name=Unknwon&int=12&int64=123&float64=1.25", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Unknwon Unknwon 12 123 1.25 ")
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/query2?list=item1&list=item2", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "item1,item2  ")
-		})
-
-		Convey("URL parameter", func() {
-			m.Get("/:name/:int/:int64/:float64", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				var buf bytes.Buffer
-				ctx.SetParams("name", ctx.Params("name"))
-				buf.WriteString(ctx.Params(""))
-				buf.WriteString(ctx.Params(":name") + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(ctx.ParamsEscape(":name") + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.ParamsInt(":int")) + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.ParamsInt64(":int64")) + " ")
-				buf.WriteString(com.ToStr(ctx.ParamsFloat64(":float64")) + " ")
-				return buf.String()
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/user/1/13/1.24", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "user user 1 13 1.24 ")
-		})
-
-		Convey("Get file", func() {
-			m.Get("/getfile", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.GetFile("hi")
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/getfile", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		})
-
-		Convey("Set and get cookie", func() {
-			m.Get("/set", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.SetCookie("user", "Unknwon", 1, "/", "localhost", true, true)
-				ctx.SetCookie("user", "Unknwon", int32(1), "/", "localhost", 1)
-				ctx.SetCookie("user", "Unknwon", int64(1))
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/set", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Header().Get("Set-Cookie"), ShouldEqual, "user=Unknwon; Path=/; Domain=localhost; Max-Age=1; HttpOnly; Secure")
-
-			m.Get("/get", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				ctx.GetCookie("404")
-				So(ctx.GetCookieInt("uid"), ShouldEqual, 1)
-				So(ctx.GetCookieInt64("uid"), ShouldEqual, 1)
-				So(ctx.GetCookieFloat64("balance"), ShouldEqual, 1.25)
-				return ctx.GetCookie("user")
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/get", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			req.Header.Set("Cookie", "user=Unknwon; uid=1; balance=1.25")
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Unknwon")
-		})
-
-		Convey("Set and get secure cookie", func() {
-			m.SetDefaultCookieSecret("macaron")
-			m.Get("/set", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.SetSecureCookie("user", "Unknwon", 1)
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/set", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-			cookie := resp.Header().Get("Set-Cookie")
-
-			m.Get("/get", func(ctx *Context) string {
-				name, ok := ctx.GetSecureCookie("user")
-				So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-				return name
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/get", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			req.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Unknwon")
-		})
-
-		Convey("Serve files", func() {
-			m.Get("/file", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeFile("fixtures/custom_funcs/index.tmpl")
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/file", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "{{ myCustomFunc }}")
-
-			m.Get("/file2", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeFile("fixtures/custom_funcs/index.tmpl", "ok.tmpl")
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/file2", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "{{ myCustomFunc }}")
-		})
-
-		Convey("Serve file content", func() {
-			m.Get("/file", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeFileContent("fixtures/custom_funcs/index.tmpl")
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/file", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "{{ myCustomFunc }}")
-
-			m.Get("/file2", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeFileContent("fixtures/custom_funcs/index.tmpl", "ok.tmpl")
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/file2", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "{{ myCustomFunc }}")
-
-			m.Get("/file3", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeFileContent("404.tmpl")
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/file3", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "open 404.tmpl: no such file or directory\n")
-			So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, 500)
-		})
-
-		Convey("Serve content", func() {
-			m.Get("/content", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeContent("content1", bytes.NewReader([]byte("Hello world!")))
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/content", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Hello world!")
-
-			m.Get("/content2", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ServeContent("content1", bytes.NewReader([]byte("Hello world!")), time.Now())
-			})
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/content2", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Hello world!")
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Context_Render(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Invalid render", t, func() {
-		defer func() {
-			So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-		}()
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Get("/", func(ctx *Context) {
-			ctx.HTML(200, "hey")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Context_Redirect(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Context with default redirect", t, func() {
-		url, err := url.Parse("http://localhost/path/one")
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req := http.Request{
-			Method: "GET",
-			URL:    url,
-		}
-		ctx := &Context{
-			Req:  Request{&req},
-			Resp: NewResponseWriter(resp),
-			Data: make(map[string]interface{}),
-		}
-		ctx.Redirect("two")
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusFound)
-		So(resp.HeaderMap["Location"][0], ShouldEqual, "/path/two")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Context with custom redirect", t, func() {
-		url, err := url.Parse("http://localhost/path/one")
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req := http.Request{
-			Method: "GET",
-			URL:    url,
-		}
-		ctx := &Context{
-			Req:  Request{&req},
-			Resp: NewResponseWriter(resp),
-			Data: make(map[string]interface{}),
-		}
-		ctx.Redirect("two", 307)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
-		So(resp.HeaderMap["Location"][0], ShouldEqual, "/path/two")
-	})
-}
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"compress/gzip"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-const (
-	HeaderAcceptEncoding  = "Accept-Encoding"
-	HeaderContentEncoding = "Content-Encoding"
-	HeaderContentLength   = "Content-Length"
-	HeaderContentType     = "Content-Type"
-	HeaderVary            = "Vary"
-)
-
-// Gziper returns a Handler that adds gzip compression to all requests.
-// Make sure to include the Gzip middleware above other middleware
-// that alter the response body (like the render middleware).
-func Gziper() Handler {
-	return func(ctx *Context) {
-		if !strings.Contains(ctx.Req.Header.Get(HeaderAcceptEncoding), "gzip") {
-			return
-		}
-
-		headers := ctx.Resp.Header()
-		headers.Set(HeaderContentEncoding, "gzip")
-		headers.Set(HeaderVary, HeaderAcceptEncoding)
-
-		gz := gzip.NewWriter(ctx.Resp)
-		defer gz.Close()
-
-		gzw := gzipResponseWriter{gz, ctx.Resp}
-		ctx.Resp = gzw
-		ctx.MapTo(gzw, (*http.ResponseWriter)(nil))
-
-		ctx.Next()
-
-		// delete content length after we know we have been written to
-		gzw.Header().Del("Content-Length")
-	}
-}
-
-type gzipResponseWriter struct {
-	w *gzip.Writer
-	ResponseWriter
-}
-
-func (grw gzipResponseWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	if len(grw.Header().Get(HeaderContentType)) == 0 {
-		grw.Header().Set(HeaderContentType, http.DetectContentType(p))
-	}
-
-	return grw.w.Write(p)
-}
-
-func (grw gzipResponseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
-	hijacker, ok := grw.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("the ResponseWriter doesn't support the Hijacker interface")
-	}
-	return hijacker.Hijack()
-}
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Gzip(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Gzip response content", t, func() {
-		before := false
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Gziper())
-		m.Use(func(r http.ResponseWriter) {
-			r.(ResponseWriter).Before(func(rw ResponseWriter) {
-				before = true
-			})
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() string { return "hello wolrd!" })
-
-		// Not yet gzip.
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		_, ok := resp.HeaderMap[HeaderContentEncoding]
-		So(ok, ShouldBeFalse)
-
-		ce := resp.Header().Get(HeaderContentEncoding)
-		So(strings.EqualFold(ce, "gzip"), ShouldBeFalse)
-
-		// Gzip now.
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req.Header.Set(HeaderAcceptEncoding, "gzip")
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		_, ok = resp.HeaderMap[HeaderContentEncoding]
-		So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-
-		ce = resp.Header().Get(HeaderContentEncoding)
-		So(strings.EqualFold(ce, "gzip"), ShouldBeTrue)
-
-		So(before, ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-}
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-inject
-======
-
-Dependency injection for go
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-ignore
@@ -1,174 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package inject_test
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/Unknwon/macaron/inject"
-)
-
-type SpecialString interface {
-}
-
-type TestStruct struct {
-	Dep1 string        `inject:"t" json:"-"`
-	Dep2 SpecialString `inject`
-	Dep3 string
-}
-
-type Greeter struct {
-	Name string
-}
-
-func (g *Greeter) String() string {
-	return "Hello, My name is" + g.Name
-}
-
-/* Test Helpers */
-func expect(t *testing.T, a interface{}, b interface{}) {
-	if a != b {
-		t.Errorf("Expected %v (type %v) - Got %v (type %v)", b, reflect.TypeOf(b), a, reflect.TypeOf(a))
-	}
-}
-
-func refute(t *testing.T, a interface{}, b interface{}) {
-	if a == b {
-		t.Errorf("Did not expect %v (type %v) - Got %v (type %v)", b, reflect.TypeOf(b), a, reflect.TypeOf(a))
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorInvoke(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-	expect(t, injector == nil, false)
-
-	dep := "some dependency"
-	injector.Map(dep)
-	dep2 := "another dep"
-	injector.MapTo(dep2, (*SpecialString)(nil))
-	dep3 := make(chan *SpecialString)
-	dep4 := make(chan *SpecialString)
-	typRecv := reflect.ChanOf(reflect.RecvDir, reflect.TypeOf(dep3).Elem())
-	typSend := reflect.ChanOf(reflect.SendDir, reflect.TypeOf(dep4).Elem())
-	injector.Set(typRecv, reflect.ValueOf(dep3))
-	injector.Set(typSend, reflect.ValueOf(dep4))
-
-	_, err := injector.Invoke(func(d1 string, d2 SpecialString, d3 <-chan *SpecialString, d4 chan<- *SpecialString) {
-		expect(t, d1, dep)
-		expect(t, d2, dep2)
-		expect(t, reflect.TypeOf(d3).Elem(), reflect.TypeOf(dep3).Elem())
-		expect(t, reflect.TypeOf(d4).Elem(), reflect.TypeOf(dep4).Elem())
-		expect(t, reflect.TypeOf(d3).ChanDir(), reflect.RecvDir)
-		expect(t, reflect.TypeOf(d4).ChanDir(), reflect.SendDir)
-	})
-
-	expect(t, err, nil)
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorInvokeReturnValues(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-	expect(t, injector == nil, false)
-
-	dep := "some dependency"
-	injector.Map(dep)
-	dep2 := "another dep"
-	injector.MapTo(dep2, (*SpecialString)(nil))
-
-	result, err := injector.Invoke(func(d1 string, d2 SpecialString) string {
-		expect(t, d1, dep)
-		expect(t, d2, dep2)
-		return "Hello world"
-	})
-
-	expect(t, result[0].String(), "Hello world")
-	expect(t, err, nil)
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorApply(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-
-	injector.Map("a dep").MapTo("another dep", (*SpecialString)(nil))
-
-	s := TestStruct{}
-	err := injector.Apply(&s)
-	expect(t, err, nil)
-
-	expect(t, s.Dep1, "a dep")
-	expect(t, s.Dep2, "another dep")
-}
-
-func Test_InterfaceOf(t *testing.T) {
-	iType := inject.InterfaceOf((*SpecialString)(nil))
-	expect(t, iType.Kind(), reflect.Interface)
-
-	iType = inject.InterfaceOf((**SpecialString)(nil))
-	expect(t, iType.Kind(), reflect.Interface)
-
-	// Expecting nil
-	defer func() {
-		rec := recover()
-		refute(t, rec, nil)
-	}()
-	iType = inject.InterfaceOf((*testing.T)(nil))
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorSet(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-	typ := reflect.TypeOf("string")
-	typSend := reflect.ChanOf(reflect.SendDir, typ)
-	typRecv := reflect.ChanOf(reflect.RecvDir, typ)
-
-	// instantiating unidirectional channels is not possible using reflect
-	// http://golang.org/src/pkg/reflect/value.go?s=60463:60504#L2064
-	chanRecv := reflect.MakeChan(reflect.ChanOf(reflect.BothDir, typ), 0)
-	chanSend := reflect.MakeChan(reflect.ChanOf(reflect.BothDir, typ), 0)
-
-	injector.Set(typSend, chanSend)
-	injector.Set(typRecv, chanRecv)
-
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(typSend).IsValid(), true)
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(typRecv).IsValid(), true)
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(chanSend.Type()).IsValid(), false)
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorGet(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-
-	injector.Map("some dependency")
-
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(reflect.TypeOf("string")).IsValid(), true)
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(reflect.TypeOf(11)).IsValid(), false)
-}
-
-func Test_InjectorSetParent(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-	injector.MapTo("another dep", (*SpecialString)(nil))
-
-	injector2 := inject.New()
-	injector2.SetParent(injector)
-
-	expect(t, injector2.GetVal(inject.InterfaceOf((*SpecialString)(nil))).IsValid(), true)
-}
-
-func TestInjectImplementors(t *testing.T) {
-	injector := inject.New()
-	g := &Greeter{"Jeremy"}
-	injector.Map(g)
-
-	expect(t, injector.GetVal(inject.InterfaceOf((*fmt.Stringer)(nil))).IsValid(), true)
-}
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/Unknwon/com"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Logger(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Global logger", t, func() {
-		buf := bytes.NewBufferString("")
-		m := New()
-		m.Map(log.New(buf, "[Macaron] ", 0))
-		m.Use(Logger())
-		m.Use(func(res http.ResponseWriter) {
-			res.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusNotFound)
-		So(len(buf.String()), ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)
-	})
-
-	if ColorLog {
-		Convey("Color console output", t, func() {
-			m := Classic()
-			m.Get("/:code:int", func(ctx *Context) (int, string) {
-				return ctx.ParamsInt(":code"), ""
-			})
-
-			// Just for testing if logger would capture.
-			codes := []int{200, 201, 202, 301, 302, 304, 401, 403, 404, 500}
-			for _, code := range codes {
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/"+com.ToStr(code), nil)
-				So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-				So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, code)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Version(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Get version", t, func() {
-		So(Version(), ShouldEqual, _VERSION)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_New(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Initialize a new instance", t, func() {
-		So(New(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Just test that Run doesn't bomb", t, func() {
-		go New().Run()
-		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-		os.Setenv("PORT", "4001")
-		go New().Run("0.0.0.0")
-		go New().Run(4002)
-		go New().Run("0.0.0.0", 4003)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_Before(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Register before handlers", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		m.Before(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) bool {
-			return false
-		})
-		m.Before(func(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) bool {
-			return true
-		})
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_ServeHTTP(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Serve HTTP requests", t, func() {
-		result := ""
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			result += "foo"
-			c.Next()
-			result += "ban"
-		})
-		m.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			result += "bar"
-			c.Next()
-			result += "baz"
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-		m.Action(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			result += "bat"
-			res.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(result, ShouldEqual, "foobarbatbazban")
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusBadRequest)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_Handlers(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Add custom handlers", t, func() {
-		result := ""
-		batman := func(c *Context) {
-			result += "batman!"
-		}
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			result += "foo"
-			c.Next()
-			result += "ban"
-		})
-		m.Handlers(
-			batman,
-			batman,
-			batman,
-		)
-
-		Convey("Add not callable function", func() {
-			defer func() {
-				So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-			}()
-			m.Use("shit")
-		})
-
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-		m.Action(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			result += "bat"
-			res.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(result, ShouldEqual, "batman!batman!batman!bat")
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusBadRequest)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_EarlyWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Write early content to response", t, func() {
-		result := ""
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(func(res http.ResponseWriter) {
-			result += "foobar"
-			res.Write([]byte("Hello world"))
-		})
-		m.Use(func() {
-			result += "bat"
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-		m.Action(func(res http.ResponseWriter) {
-			result += "baz"
-			res.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(result, ShouldEqual, "foobar")
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_Written(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Written sign", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		m := New()
-		m.Handlers(func(res http.ResponseWriter) {
-			res.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		})
-
-		ctx := m.createContext(resp, &http.Request{Method: "GET"})
-		So(ctx.Written(), ShouldBeFalse)
-
-		ctx.run()
-		So(ctx.Written(), ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Macaron_Basic_NoRace(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Make sure no race between requests", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		handlers := []Handler{func() {}, func() {}}
-		// Ensure append will not realloc to trigger the race condition
-		m.handlers = handlers[:1]
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-		req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
-			go func() {
-				resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-				m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			}()
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_SetENV(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Get and save environment variable", t, func() {
-		tests := []struct {
-			in  string
-			out string
-		}{
-			{"", "development"},
-			{"not_development", "not_development"},
-		}
-
-		for _, test := range tests {
-			setENV(test.in)
-			So(Env, ShouldEqual, test.out)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Config(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Set and get configuration object", t, func() {
-		So(Config(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-		cfg, err := SetConfig([]byte(""))
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		So(cfg, ShouldNotBeNil)
-	})
-}
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"log"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Recovery(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Recovery from panic", t, func() {
-		buf := bytes.NewBufferString("")
-		setENV(DEV)
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Map(log.New(buf, "[Macaron] ", 0))
-		m.Use(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			res.Header().Set("Content-Type", "unpredictable")
-		})
-		m.Use(Recovery())
-		m.Use(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
-			panic("here is a panic!")
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		So(resp.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), ShouldEqual, "text/html")
-		So(buf.String(), ShouldNotBeEmpty)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Revocery panic to another response writer", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		resp2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		setENV(DEV)
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Recovery())
-		m.Use(func(c *Context) {
-			c.MapTo(resp2, (*http.ResponseWriter)(nil))
-			panic("here is a panic!")
-		})
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp2.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		So(resp2.HeaderMap.Get("Content-Type"), ShouldEqual, "text/html")
-		So(resp2.Body.Len(), ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)
-	})
-}
@@ -1,581 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"html/template"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-type Greeting struct {
-	One string `json:"one"`
-	Two string `json:"two"`
-}
-
-type GreetingXML struct {
-	XMLName xml.Name `xml:"greeting"`
-	One     string   `xml:"one,attr"`
-	Two     string   `xml:"two,attr"`
-}
-
-func Test_Render_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render JSON", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.JSON(300, Greeting{"hello", "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentJSON+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, `{"one":"hello","two":"world"}`)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render JSON with prefix", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		prefix := ")]}',\n"
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			PrefixJSON: []byte(prefix),
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.JSON(300, Greeting{"hello", "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentJSON+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, prefix+`{"one":"hello","two":"world"}`)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render Indented JSON", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			IndentJSON: true,
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.JSON(300, Greeting{"hello", "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentJSON+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, `{
-  "one": "hello",
-  "two": "world"
-}`)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render JSON and return string", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			result, err := r.JSONString(Greeting{"hello", "world"})
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			So(result, ShouldEqual, `{"one":"hello","two":"world"}`)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with charset JSON", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Charset: "foobar",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.JSON(300, Greeting{"hello", "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentJSON+"; charset=foobar")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, `{"one":"hello","two":"world"}`)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_XML(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render XML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.XML(300, GreetingXML{One: "hello", Two: "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentXML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, `<greeting one="hello" two="world"></greeting>`)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render XML with prefix", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		prefix := ")]}',\n"
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			PrefixXML: []byte(prefix),
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.XML(300, GreetingXML{One: "hello", Two: "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentXML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, prefix+`<greeting one="hello" two="world"></greeting>`)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render Indented XML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			IndentXML: true,
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.XML(300, GreetingXML{One: "hello", Two: "world"})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusMultipleChoices)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentXML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, `<greeting one="hello" two="world"></greeting>`)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_HTML(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render HTML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderers(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}, "fixtures/basic2"))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "hello", "jeremy")
-			r.SetTemplatePath("", "fixtures/basic2")
-		})
-		m.Get("/foobar2", func(r Render) {
-			if r.HasTemplateSet("basic2") {
-				r.HTMLSet(200, "basic2", "hello", "jeremy")
-			}
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello jeremy</h1>")
-
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar2", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>What's up, jeremy</h1>")
-
-		Convey("Change render templates path", func() {
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-			So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-			So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>What's up, jeremy</h1>")
-		})
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render HTML and return string", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderers(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}, "basic2:fixtures/basic2"))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			result, err := r.HTMLString("hello", "jeremy")
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			So(result, ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello jeremy</h1>")
-		})
-		m.Get("/foobar2", func(r Render) {
-			result, err := r.HTMLSetString("basic2", "hello", "jeremy")
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			So(result, ShouldEqual, "<h1>What's up, jeremy</h1>")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar2", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with nested HTML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "admin/index", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Admin jeremy</h1>")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render bad HTML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "nope", nil)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "html/template: \"nope\" is undefined\n")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Invalid template set", t, func() {
-		Convey("Empty template set argument", func() {
-			defer func() {
-				So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-			}()
-			m := Classic()
-			m.Use(Renderers(RenderOptions{
-				Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-			}, ""))
-		})
-
-		Convey("Bad template set path", func() {
-			defer func() {
-				So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-			}()
-			m := Classic()
-			m.Use(Renderers(RenderOptions{
-				Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-			}, "404"))
-		})
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_XHTML(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render XHTML", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory:       "fixtures/basic",
-			HTMLContentType: ContentXHTML,
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "hello", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentXHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello jeremy</h1>")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_Extensions(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render with extensions", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory:  "fixtures/basic",
-			Extensions: []string{".tmpl", ".html"},
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "hypertext", nil)
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Hypertext!")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_Funcs(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render with functions", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/custom_funcs",
-			Funcs: []template.FuncMap{
-				{
-					"myCustomFunc": func() string {
-						return "My custom function"
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "index", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "My custom function")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_Layout(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render with layout", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-			Layout:    "layout",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "content", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "head<h1>jeremy</h1>foot")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with current layout", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-			Layout:    "current_layout",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "content", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "content head<h1>jeremy</h1>content foot")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with override layout", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-			Layout:    "layout",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "content", "jeremy", HTMLOptions{
-				Layout: "another_layout",
-			})
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "another head<h1>jeremy</h1>another foot")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_Delimiters(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render with delimiters", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Delims:    Delims{"{[{", "}]}"},
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "delims", "jeremy")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentHTML+"; charset=UTF-8")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "<h1>Hello jeremy</h1>")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_BinaryData(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render binary data", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.RawData(200, []byte("hello there"))
-		})
-		m.Get("/foobar2", func(r Render) {
-			r.RenderData(200, []byte("hello there"))
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, ContentBinary)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "hello there")
-
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar2", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, CONTENT_PLAIN)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "hello there")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render binary data with mime type", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.RW().Header().Set(ContentType, "image/jpeg")
-			r.RawData(200, []byte("..jpeg data.."))
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get(ContentType), ShouldEqual, "image/jpeg")
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "..jpeg data..")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_Status(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Render with status 204", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		r := TplRender{resp, newTemplateSet(), &RenderOptions{}, "", time.Now()}
-		r.Status(204)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusNoContent)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with status 404", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		r := TplRender{resp, newTemplateSet(), &RenderOptions{}, "", time.Now()}
-		r.Error(404)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusNotFound)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Render with status 500", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		r := TplRender{resp, newTemplateSet(), &RenderOptions{}, "", time.Now()}
-		r.Error(500)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusInternalServerError)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Render_NoRace(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Make sure render has no race", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Use(Renderer(RenderOptions{
-			Directory: "fixtures/basic",
-		}))
-		m.Get("/foobar", func(r Render) {
-			r.HTML(200, "hello", "world")
-		})
-
-		done := make(chan bool)
-		doreq := func() {
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/foobar", nil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			done <- true
-		}
-		// Run two requests to check there is no race condition
-		go doreq()
-		go doreq()
-		<-done
-		<-done
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_GetExt(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Get extension", t, func() {
-		So(GetExt("test"), ShouldBeBlank)
-		So(GetExt("test.tmpl"), ShouldEqual, ".tmpl")
-		So(GetExt("test.go.tmpl"), ShouldEqual, ".go.tmpl")
-	})
-}
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-type closeNotifyingRecorder struct {
-	*httptest.ResponseRecorder
-	closed chan bool
-}
-
-func newCloseNotifyingRecorder() *closeNotifyingRecorder {
-	return &closeNotifyingRecorder{
-		httptest.NewRecorder(),
-		make(chan bool, 1),
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *closeNotifyingRecorder) close() {
-	c.closed <- true
-}
-
-func (c *closeNotifyingRecorder) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
-	return c.closed
-}
-
-type hijackableResponse struct {
-	Hijacked bool
-}
-
-func newHijackableResponse() *hijackableResponse {
-	return &hijackableResponse{}
-}
-
-func (h *hijackableResponse) Header() http.Header           { return nil }
-func (h *hijackableResponse) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) { return 0, nil }
-func (h *hijackableResponse) WriteHeader(code int)          {}
-func (h *hijackableResponse) Flush()                        {}
-func (h *hijackableResponse) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
-	h.Hijacked = true
-	return nil, nil, nil
-}
-
-func Test_ResponseWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Write string to response writer", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		rw.Write([]byte("Hello world"))
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, rw.Status())
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Hello world")
-		So(rw.Status(), ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(rw.Size(), ShouldEqual, 11)
-		So(rw.Written(), ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Write strings to response writer", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		rw.Write([]byte("Hello world"))
-		rw.Write([]byte("foo bar bat baz"))
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, rw.Status())
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Hello worldfoo bar bat baz")
-		So(rw.Status(), ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(rw.Size(), ShouldEqual, 26)
-		So(rw.Written(), ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Write header to response writer", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, rw.Status())
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldBeBlank)
-		So(rw.Status(), ShouldEqual, http.StatusNotFound)
-		So(rw.Size(), ShouldEqual, 0)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Write before response write", t, func() {
-		result := ""
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		rw.Before(func(ResponseWriter) {
-			result += "foo"
-		})
-		rw.Before(func(ResponseWriter) {
-			result += "bar"
-		})
-		rw.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, rw.Status())
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldBeBlank)
-		So(rw.Status(), ShouldEqual, http.StatusNotFound)
-		So(rw.Size(), ShouldEqual, 0)
-		So(result, ShouldEqual, "barfoo")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Response writer with Hijack", t, func() {
-		hijackable := newHijackableResponse()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(hijackable)
-		hijacker, ok := rw.(http.Hijacker)
-		So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-		_, _, err := hijacker.Hijack()
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		So(hijackable.Hijacked, ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Response writer with bad Hijack", t, func() {
-		hijackable := new(http.ResponseWriter)
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(*hijackable)
-		hijacker, ok := rw.(http.Hijacker)
-		So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-		_, _, err := hijacker.Hijack()
-		So(err, ShouldNotBeNil)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Response writer with close notify", t, func() {
-		resp := newCloseNotifyingRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		closed := false
-		notifier := rw.(http.CloseNotifier).CloseNotify()
-		resp.close()
-		select {
-		case <-notifier:
-			closed = true
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-		}
-		So(closed, ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Response writer with flusher", t, func() {
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		rw := NewResponseWriter(resp)
-		_, ok := rw.(http.Flusher)
-		So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Response writer with flusher handler", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/events", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			f, ok := w.(http.Flusher)
-			So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-
-			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
-			w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
-			w.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
-
-			for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
-				time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
-				io.WriteString(w, "data: Hello\n\n")
-				f.Flush()
-			}
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/events", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "data: Hello\n\ndata: Hello\n\n")
-	})
-}
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Return_Handler(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Return with status and body", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/", func() (int, string) {
-			return 418, "i'm a teapot"
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusTeapot)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "i'm a teapot")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Return with pointer", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/", func() *string {
-			str := "hello world"
-			return &str
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "hello world")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Return with byte slice", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/", func() []byte {
-			return []byte("hello world")
-		})
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "hello world")
-	})
-}
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_Router_Handle(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Register all HTTP methods routes", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/get", func() string {
-			return "GET"
-		})
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/get", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "GET")
-
-		m.Patch("/patch", func() string {
-			return "PATCH"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("PATCH", "/patch", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "PATCH")
-
-		m.Post("/post", func() string {
-			return "POST"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("POST", "/post", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "POST")
-
-		m.Put("/put", func() string {
-			return "PUT"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("PUT", "/put", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "PUT")
-
-		m.Delete("/delete", func() string {
-			return "DELETE"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("DELETE", "/delete", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "DELETE")
-
-		m.Options("/options", func() string {
-			return "OPTIONS"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/options", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "OPTIONS")
-
-		m.Head("/head", func() string {
-			return "HEAD"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("HEAD", "/head", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "HEAD")
-
-		m.Any("/any", func() string {
-			return "ANY"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "/any", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "ANY")
-
-		m.Route("/route", "GET,POST", func() string {
-			return "ROUTE"
-		})
-		resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err = http.NewRequest("POST", "/route", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "ROUTE")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Register all HTTP methods routes with combo", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.SetURLPrefix("/prefix")
-		m.Use(Renderer())
-		m.Combo("/", func(ctx *Context) {
-			ctx.Data["prefix"] = "Prefix_"
-		}).
-			Get(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "GET" }).
-			Patch(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "PATCH" }).
-			Post(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "POST" }).
-			Put(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "PUT" }).
-			Delete(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "DELETE" }).
-			Options(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "OPTIONS" }).
-			Head(func(ctx *Context) string { return ctx.Data["prefix"].(string) + "HEAD" })
-
-		for name := range _HTTP_METHODS {
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest(name, "/", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Prefix_"+name)
-		}
-
-		defer func() {
-			So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-		}()
-		m.Combo("/").Get(func() {}).Get(nil)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Register duplicated routes", t, func() {
-		r := NewRouter()
-		r.Get("/")
-		r.Get("/")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Register invalid HTTP method", t, func() {
-		defer func() {
-			So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-		}()
-		r := NewRouter()
-		r.Handle("404", "/", nil)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Router_Group(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Register route group", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Group("/api", func() {
-			m.Group("/v1", func() {
-				m.Get("/list", func() string {
-					return "Well done!"
-				})
-			})
-		})
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/api/v1/list", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Well done!")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Router_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Custom not found handler", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/", func() {})
-		m.NotFound(func() string {
-			return "Custom not found"
-		})
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/404", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Custom not found")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Router_splat(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Register router with glob", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		m.Get("/*", func(ctx *Context) string {
-			return ctx.Params("*")
-		})
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/hahaha", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "hahaha")
-	})
-}
@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Martini Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-var currentRoot, _ = os.Getwd()
-
-func Test_Static(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Serve static files", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Static("./"))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		resp.Body = new(bytes.Buffer)
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get("Expires"), ShouldBeBlank)
-		So(resp.Body.Len(), ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)
-
-		Convey("Change static path", func() {
-			m.Get("/", func(ctx *Context) {
-				ctx.ChangeStaticPath("./", "inject")
-			})
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			resp.Body = new(bytes.Buffer)
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/inject.go", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-			So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-			So(resp.Header().Get("Expires"), ShouldBeBlank)
-			So(resp.Body.Len(), ShouldBeGreaterThan, 0)
-		})
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with local path", t, func() {
-		Root = os.TempDir()
-		f, err := ioutil.TempFile(Root, "static_content")
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		f.WriteString("Expected Content")
-		f.Close()
-
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Static("."))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		resp.Body = new(bytes.Buffer)
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/"+path.Base(strings.Replace(f.Name(), "\\", "/", -1)), nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Header().Get("Expires"), ShouldBeBlank)
-		So(resp.Body.String(), ShouldEqual, "Expected Content")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with head", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		resp.Body = new(bytes.Buffer)
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("HEAD", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(resp.Body.Len(), ShouldEqual, 0)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files as post", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusNotFound)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with bad directory", t, func() {
-		m := Classic()
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldNotEqual, http.StatusOK)
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Static_Options(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Serve static files with options logging", t, func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		m := NewWithLogger(&buf)
-		opt := StaticOptions{}
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, opt))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(buf.String(), ShouldEqual, "[Macaron] [Static] Serving /macaron.go\n")
-
-		// Not disable logging.
-		m.Handlers()
-		buf.Reset()
-		opt.SkipLogging = true
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, opt))
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(buf.Len(), ShouldEqual, 0)
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with options serve index", t, func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		m := NewWithLogger(&buf)
-		opt := StaticOptions{IndexFile: "macaron.go"}
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, opt))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(buf.String(), ShouldEqual, "[Macaron] [Static] Serving /macaron.go\n")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with options prefix", t, func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		m := NewWithLogger(&buf)
-		opt := StaticOptions{Prefix: "public"}
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, opt))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/public/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-		So(buf.String(), ShouldEqual, "[Macaron] [Static] Serving /macaron.go\n")
-	})
-
-	Convey("Serve static files with options expires", t, func() {
-		var buf bytes.Buffer
-		m := NewWithLogger(&buf)
-		opt := StaticOptions{Expires: func() string { return "46" }}
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, opt))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Header().Get("Expires"), ShouldEqual, "46")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Static_Redirect(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Serve static files with redirect", t, func() {
-		m := New()
-		m.Use(Static(currentRoot, StaticOptions{Prefix: "/public"}))
-
-		resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/public", nil)
-		So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-		m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-		So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusFound)
-		So(resp.Header().Get("Location"), ShouldEqual, "/public/")
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Statics(t *testing.T) {
-	Convey("Serve multiple static routers", t, func() {
-		Convey("Register empty directory", func() {
-			defer func() {
-				So(recover(), ShouldNotBeNil)
-			}()
-
-			m := New()
-			m.Use(Statics(StaticOptions{}))
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-		})
-
-		Convey("Serve normally", func() {
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-			m := NewWithLogger(&buf)
-			m.Use(Statics(StaticOptions{}, currentRoot, currentRoot+"/inject"))
-
-			resp := httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/macaron.go", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-			So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-			So(buf.String(), ShouldEqual, "[Macaron] [Static] Serving /macaron.go\n")
-
-			resp = httptest.NewRecorder()
-			req, err = http.NewRequest("GET", "http://localhost:4000/inject/inject.go", nil)
-			So(err, ShouldBeNil)
-			m.ServeHTTP(resp, req)
-
-			So(resp.Code, ShouldEqual, http.StatusOK)
-			So(buf.String(), ShouldEndWith, "[Macaron] [Static] Serving /inject/inject.go\n")
-		})
-	})
-}
@@ -1,421 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 Beego Authors
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-// NOTE: last sync 0c93364 on Dec 19, 2014.
-
-import (
-	"path"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/Unknwon/com"
-)
-
-type leafInfo struct {
-	// Names of wildcards that lead to this leaf.
-	// eg, ["id" "name"] for the wildcard ":id" and ":name".
-	wildcards []string
-	// Not nil if the leaf is regexp.
-	regexps *regexp.Regexp
-	handle  Handle
-}
-
-func (leaf *leafInfo) match(wildcardValues []string) (ok bool, params Params) {
-	if leaf.regexps == nil {
-		if len(wildcardValues) == 0 && len(leaf.wildcards) > 0 {
-			if com.IsSliceContainsStr(leaf.wildcards, ":") {
-				params = make(map[string]string)
-				j := 0
-				for _, v := range leaf.wildcards {
-					if v == ":" {
-						continue
-					}
-					params[v] = ""
-					j += 1
-				}
-				return true, params
-			}
-			return false, nil
-		} else if len(wildcardValues) == 0 {
-			return true, nil // Static path.
-		}
-
-		// Match *
-		if len(leaf.wildcards) == 1 && leaf.wildcards[0] == ":splat" {
-			params = make(map[string]string)
-			params[":splat"] = path.Join(wildcardValues...)
-			return true, params
-		}
-
-		// Match *.*
-		if len(leaf.wildcards) == 3 && leaf.wildcards[0] == "." {
-			params = make(map[string]string)
-			lastone := wildcardValues[len(wildcardValues)-1]
-			strs := strings.SplitN(lastone, ".", 2)
-			if len(strs) == 2 {
-				params[":ext"] = strs[1]
-			} else {
-				params[":ext"] = ""
-			}
-			params[":path"] = path.Join(wildcardValues[:len(wildcardValues)-1]...) + "/" + strs[0]
-			return true, params
-		}
-
-		// Match :id
-		params = make(map[string]string)
-		j := 0
-		for _, v := range leaf.wildcards {
-			if v == ":" {
-				continue
-			}
-			if v == "." {
-				lastone := wildcardValues[len(wildcardValues)-1]
-				strs := strings.SplitN(lastone, ".", 2)
-				if len(strs) == 2 {
-					params[":ext"] = strs[1]
-				} else {
-					params[":ext"] = ""
-				}
-				if len(wildcardValues[j:]) == 1 {
-					params[":path"] = strs[0]
-				} else {
-					params[":path"] = path.Join(wildcardValues[j:]...) + "/" + strs[0]
-				}
-				return true, params
-			}
-			if len(wildcardValues) <= j {
-				return false, nil
-			}
-			params[v] = wildcardValues[j]
-			j++
-		}
-		if len(params) != len(wildcardValues) {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return true, params
-	}
-
-	if !leaf.regexps.MatchString(path.Join(wildcardValues...)) {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-	params = make(map[string]string)
-	matches := leaf.regexps.FindStringSubmatch(path.Join(wildcardValues...))
-	for i, match := range matches[1:] {
-		params[leaf.wildcards[i]] = match
-	}
-	return true, params
-}
-
-// Tree represents a router tree for Macaron instance.
-type Tree struct {
-	fixroutes map[string]*Tree
-	wildcard  *Tree
-	leaves    []*leafInfo
-}
-
-// NewTree initializes and returns a router tree.
-func NewTree() *Tree {
-	return &Tree{
-		fixroutes: make(map[string]*Tree),
-	}
-}
-
-// splitPath splites patthen into parts.
-//
-// Examples:
-//		"/" -> []
-// 		"/admin" -> ["admin"]
-// 		"/admin/" -> ["admin"]
-// 		"/admin/users" -> ["admin", "users"]
-func splitPath(pattern string) []string {
-	if len(pattern) == 0 {
-		return []string{}
-	}
-
-	elements := strings.Split(pattern, "/")
-	if elements[0] == "" {
-		elements = elements[1:]
-	}
-	if elements[len(elements)-1] == "" {
-		elements = elements[:len(elements)-1]
-	}
-	return elements
-}
-
-// AddRouter adds a new route to router tree.
-func (t *Tree) AddRouter(pattern string, handle Handle) {
-	t.addSegments(splitPath(pattern), handle, nil, "")
-}
-
-// splitSegment splits segment into parts.
-//
-// Examples:
-// 		"admin" -> false, nil, ""
-// 		":id" -> true, [:id], ""
-// 		"?:id" -> true, [: :id], ""        : meaning can empty
-// 		":id:int" -> true, [:id], ([0-9]+)
-// 		":name:string" -> true, [:name], ([\w]+)
-// 		":id([0-9]+)" -> true, [:id], ([0-9]+)
-// 		":id([0-9]+)_:name" -> true, [:id :name], ([0-9]+)_(.+)
-// 		"cms_:id_:page.html" -> true, [:id :page], cms_(.+)_(.+).html
-// 		"*" -> true, [:splat], ""
-// 		"*.*" -> true,[. :path :ext], ""      . meaning separator
-func splitSegment(key string) (bool, []string, string) {
-	if strings.HasPrefix(key, "*") {
-		if key == "*.*" {
-			return true, []string{".", ":path", ":ext"}, ""
-		} else {
-			return true, []string{":splat"}, ""
-		}
-	}
-	if strings.ContainsAny(key, ":") {
-		var paramsNum int
-		var out []rune
-		var start bool
-		var startexp bool
-		var param []rune
-		var expt []rune
-		var skipnum int
-		params := []string{}
-		reg := regexp.MustCompile(`[a-zA-Z0-9]+`)
-		for i, v := range key {
-			if skipnum > 0 {
-				skipnum -= 1
-				continue
-			}
-			if start {
-				//:id:int and :name:string
-				if v == ':' {
-					if len(key) >= i+4 {
-						if key[i+1:i+4] == "int" {
-							out = append(out, []rune("([0-9]+)")...)
-							params = append(params, ":"+string(param))
-							start = false
-							startexp = false
-							skipnum = 3
-							param = make([]rune, 0)
-							paramsNum += 1
-							continue
-						}
-					}
-					if len(key) >= i+7 {
-						if key[i+1:i+7] == "string" {
-							out = append(out, []rune(`([\w]+)`)...)
-							params = append(params, ":"+string(param))
-							paramsNum += 1
-							start = false
-							startexp = false
-							skipnum = 6
-							param = make([]rune, 0)
-							continue
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				// params only support a-zA-Z0-9
-				if reg.MatchString(string(v)) {
-					param = append(param, v)
-					continue
-				}
-				if v != '(' {
-					out = append(out, []rune(`(.+)`)...)
-					params = append(params, ":"+string(param))
-					param = make([]rune, 0)
-					paramsNum += 1
-					start = false
-					startexp = false
-				}
-			}
-			if startexp {
-				if v != ')' {
-					expt = append(expt, v)
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-			if v == ':' {
-				param = make([]rune, 0)
-				start = true
-			} else if v == '(' {
-				startexp = true
-				start = false
-				params = append(params, ":"+string(param))
-				paramsNum += 1
-				expt = make([]rune, 0)
-				expt = append(expt, '(')
-			} else if v == ')' {
-				startexp = false
-				expt = append(expt, ')')
-				out = append(out, expt...)
-				param = make([]rune, 0)
-			} else if v == '?' {
-				params = append(params, ":")
-			} else {
-				out = append(out, v)
-			}
-		}
-		if len(param) > 0 {
-			if paramsNum > 0 {
-				out = append(out, []rune(`(.+)`)...)
-			}
-			params = append(params, ":"+string(param))
-		}
-		return true, params, string(out)
-	} else {
-		return false, nil, ""
-	}
-}
-
-// addSegments add segments to the router tree.
-func (t *Tree) addSegments(segments []string, handle Handle, wildcards []string, reg string) {
-	// Fixed root route.
-	if len(segments) == 0 {
-		if reg != "" {
-			filterCards := make([]string, 0, len(wildcards))
-			for _, v := range wildcards {
-				if v == ":" || v == "." {
-					continue
-				}
-				filterCards = append(filterCards, v)
-			}
-			t.leaves = append(t.leaves, &leafInfo{
-				handle:    handle,
-				wildcards: filterCards,
-				regexps:   regexp.MustCompile("^" + reg + "$"),
-			})
-		} else {
-			t.leaves = append(t.leaves, &leafInfo{
-				handle:    handle,
-				wildcards: wildcards,
-			})
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	seg := segments[0]
-	iswild, params, regexpStr := splitSegment(seg)
-	//for the router  /login/*/access match /login/2009/11/access
-	if !iswild && com.IsSliceContainsStr(wildcards, ":splat") {
-		iswild = true
-		regexpStr = seg
-	}
-	if seg == "*" && len(wildcards) > 0 && reg == "" {
-		iswild = true
-		regexpStr = "(.+)"
-	}
-	if iswild {
-		if t.wildcard == nil {
-			t.wildcard = NewTree()
-		}
-		if regexpStr != "" {
-			if reg == "" {
-				rr := ""
-				for _, w := range wildcards {
-					if w == "." || w == ":" {
-						continue
-					}
-					if w == ":splat" {
-						rr = rr + "(.+)/"
-					} else {
-						rr = rr + "([^/]+)/"
-					}
-				}
-				regexpStr = rr + regexpStr
-			} else {
-				regexpStr = "/" + regexpStr
-			}
-		} else if reg != "" {
-			if seg == "*.*" {
-				regexpStr = "/([^.]+).(.+)"
-			} else {
-				for _, w := range params {
-					if w == "." || w == ":" {
-						continue
-					}
-					regexpStr = "/([^/]+)" + regexpStr
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		t.wildcard.addSegments(segments[1:], handle, append(wildcards, params...), reg+regexpStr)
-	} else {
-		subTree, ok := t.fixroutes[seg]
-		if !ok {
-			subTree = NewTree()
-			t.fixroutes[seg] = subTree
-		}
-		subTree.addSegments(segments[1:], handle, wildcards, reg)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Tree) match(segments []string, wildcardValues []string) (handle Handle, params Params) {
-	// Handle leaf nodes.
-	if len(segments) == 0 {
-		for _, l := range t.leaves {
-			if ok, pa := l.match(wildcardValues); ok {
-				return l.handle, pa
-			}
-		}
-		if t.wildcard != nil {
-			for _, l := range t.wildcard.leaves {
-				if ok, pa := l.match(wildcardValues); ok {
-					return l.handle, pa
-				}
-			}
-
-		}
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	seg, segs := segments[0], segments[1:]
-
-	subTree, ok := t.fixroutes[seg]
-	if ok {
-		handle, params = subTree.match(segs, wildcardValues)
-	} else if len(segs) == 0 { //.json .xml
-		if subindex := strings.LastIndex(seg, "."); subindex != -1 {
-			subTree, ok = t.fixroutes[seg[:subindex]]
-			if ok {
-				handle, params = subTree.match(segs, wildcardValues)
-				if handle != nil {
-					if params == nil {
-						params = make(map[string]string)
-					}
-					params[":ext"] = seg[subindex+1:]
-					return handle, params
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if handle == nil && t.wildcard != nil {
-		handle, params = t.wildcard.match(segs, append(wildcardValues, seg))
-	}
-	if handle == nil {
-		for _, l := range t.leaves {
-			if ok, pa := l.match(append(wildcardValues, segments...)); ok {
-				return l.handle, pa
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return handle, params
-}
-
-// Match returns Handle and params if any route is matched.
-func (t *Tree) Match(pattern string) (Handle, Params) {
-	if len(pattern) == 0 || pattern[0] != '/' {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	return t.match(splitPath(pattern), nil)
-}
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2014 Unknwon
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"): you may
-// not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
-// a copy of the License at
-//
-//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
-// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
-// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
-// under the License.
-
-package macaron
-
-import (
-	// "net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	. "github.com/smartystreets/goconvey/convey"
-)
-
-func Test_splitSegment(t *testing.T) {
-	type result struct {
-		Ok    bool
-		Parts []string
-		Regex string
-	}
-	cases := map[string]result{
-		"admin":              result{false, nil, ""},
-		":id":                result{true, []string{":id"}, ""},
-		"?:id":               result{true, []string{":", ":id"}, ""},
-		":id:int":            result{true, []string{":id"}, "([0-9]+)"},
-		":name:string":       result{true, []string{":name"}, `([\w]+)`},
-		":id([0-9]+)":        result{true, []string{":id"}, "([0-9]+)"},
-		":id([0-9]+)_:name":  result{true, []string{":id", ":name"}, "([0-9]+)_(.+)"},
-		"cms_:id_:page.html": result{true, []string{":id", ":page"}, "cms_(.+)_(.+).html"},
-		"*":                  result{true, []string{":splat"}, ""},
-		"*.*":                result{true, []string{".", ":path", ":ext"}, ""},
-	}
-	Convey("Splits segment into parts", t, func() {
-		for key, result := range cases {
-			ok, parts, regex := splitSegment(key)
-			So(ok, ShouldEqual, result.Ok)
-			if result.Parts == nil {
-				So(parts, ShouldBeNil)
-			} else {
-				So(parts, ShouldNotBeNil)
-				So(strings.Join(parts, " "), ShouldEqual, strings.Join(result.Parts, " "))
-			}
-			So(regex, ShouldEqual, result.Regex)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func Test_Tree_Match(t *testing.T) {
-	type result struct {
-		pattern string
-		reqUrl  string
-		params  map[string]string
-	}
-
-	cases := []result{
-		{"/:id", "/123", map[string]string{":id": "123"}},
-		{"/hello/?:id", "/hello", map[string]string{":id": ""}},
-		{"/", "/", nil},
-		{"", "", nil},
-		{"/customer/login", "/customer/login", nil},
-		{"/customer/login", "/customer/login.json", map[string]string{":ext": "json"}},
-		{"/*", "/customer/123", map[string]string{":splat": "customer/123"}},
-		{"/*", "/customer/2009/12/11", map[string]string{":splat": "customer/2009/12/11"}},
-		{"/aa/*/bb", "/aa/2009/bb", map[string]string{":splat": "2009"}},
-		{"/cc/*/dd", "/cc/2009/11/dd", map[string]string{":splat": "2009/11"}},
-		{"/ee/:year/*/ff", "/ee/2009/11/ff", map[string]string{":year": "2009", ":splat": "11"}},
-		{"/thumbnail/:size/uploads/*", "/thumbnail/100x100/uploads/items/2014/04/20/dPRCdChkUd651t1Hvs18.jpg",
-			map[string]string{":size": "100x100", ":splat": "items/2014/04/20/dPRCdChkUd651t1Hvs18.jpg"}},
-		{"/*.*", "/nice/api.json", map[string]string{":path": "nice/api", ":ext": "json"}},
-		{"/:name/*.*", "/nice/api.json", map[string]string{":name": "nice", ":path": "api", ":ext": "json"}},
-		{"/:name/test/*.*", "/nice/test/api.json", map[string]string{":name": "nice", ":path": "api", ":ext": "json"}},
-		{"/dl/:width:int/:height:int/*.*", "/dl/48/48/05ac66d9bda00a3acf948c43e306fc9a.jpg",
-			map[string]string{":width": "48", ":height": "48", ":ext": "jpg", ":path": "05ac66d9bda00a3acf948c43e306fc9a"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id:int", "/v1/shop/123", map[string]string{":id": "123"}},
-		{"/:year:int/:month:int/:id/:endid", "/1111/111/aaa/aaa", map[string]string{":year": "1111", ":month": "111", ":id": "aaa", ":endid": "aaa"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id/:name", "/v1/shop/123/nike", map[string]string{":id": "123", ":name": "nike"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id/account", "/v1/shop/123/account", map[string]string{":id": "123"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:name:string", "/v1/shop/nike", map[string]string{":name": "nike"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id([0-9]+)", "/v1/shop//123", map[string]string{":id": "123"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id([0-9]+)_:name", "/v1/shop/123_nike", map[string]string{":id": "123", ":name": "nike"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/:id(.+)_cms.html", "/v1/shop/123_cms.html", map[string]string{":id": "123"}},
-		{"/v1/shop/cms_:id(.+)_:page(.+).html", "/v1/shop/cms_123_1.html", map[string]string{":id": "123", ":page": "1"}},
-		{"/v1/:v/cms/aaa_:id(.+)_:page(.+).html", "/v1/2/cms/aaa_123_1.html", map[string]string{":v": "2", ":id": "123", ":page": "1"}},
-		{"/v1/:v/cms_:id(.+)_:page(.+).html", "/v1/2/cms_123_1.html", map[string]string{":v": "2", ":id": "123", ":page": "1"}},
-		{"/v1/:v(.+)_cms/ttt_:id(.+)_:page(.+).html", "/v1/2_cms/ttt_123_1.html", map[string]string{":v": "2", ":id": "123", ":page": "1"}},
-	}
-
-	Convey("Match routers in tree", t, func() {
-		for _, c := range cases {
-			t := NewTree()
-			t.AddRouter(c.pattern, nil)
-			_, params := t.Match(c.reqUrl)
-			if params != nil {
-				for k, v := range c.params {
-					vv, ok := params[k]
-					So(ok, ShouldBeTrue)
-					So(vv, ShouldEqual, v)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+AWS SDK for Go
+Copyright 2015 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. 
+Copyright 2014-2015 Stripe, Inc.
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Package awserr represents API error interface accessors for the SDK.
+package awserr
+
+// An Error wraps lower level errors with code, message and an original error.
+// The underlying concrete error type may also satisfy other interfaces which
+// can be to used to obtain more specific information about the error.
+//
+// Calling Error() or String() will always include the full information about
+// an error based on its underlying type.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//     output, err := s3manage.Upload(svc, input, opts)
+//     if err != nil {
+//         if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok {
+//             // Get error details
+//             log.Println("Error:", err.Code(), err.Message())
+//
+//             // Prints out full error message, including original error if there was one.
+//             log.Println("Error:", err.Error())
+//
+//             // Get original error
+//             if origErr := err.Err(); origErr != nil {
+//                 // operate on original error.
+//             }
+//         } else {
+//             fmt.Println(err.Error())
+//         }
+//     }
+//
+type Error interface {
+	// Satisfy the generic error interface.
+	error
+
+	// Returns the short phrase depicting the classification of the error.
+	Code() string
+
+	// Returns the error details message.
+	Message() string
+
+	// Returns the original error if one was set.  Nil is returned if not set.
+	OrigErr() error
+}
+
+// New returns an Error object described by the code, message, and origErr.
+//
+// If origErr satisfies the Error interface it will not be wrapped within a new
+// Error object and will instead be returned.
+func New(code, message string, origErr error) Error {
+	if e, ok := origErr.(Error); ok && e != nil {
+		return e
+	}
+	return newBaseError(code, message, origErr)
+}
+
+// A RequestFailure is an interface to extract request failure information from
+// an Error such as the request ID of the failed request returned by a service.
+// RequestFailures may not always have a requestID value if the request failed
+// prior to reaching the service such as a connection error.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//     output, err := s3manage.Upload(svc, input, opts)
+//     if err != nil {
+//         if reqerr, ok := err.(RequestFailure); ok {
+//             log.Printf("Request failed", reqerr.Code(), reqerr.Message(), reqerr.RequestID())
+//         } else {
+//             log.Printf("Error:", err.Error()
+//         }
+//     }
+//
+// Combined with awserr.Error:
+//
+//    output, err := s3manage.Upload(svc, input, opts)
+//    if err != nil {
+//        if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok {
+//            // Generic AWS Error with Code, Message, and original error (if any)
+//            fmt.Println(awsErr.Code(), awsErr.Message(), awsErr.OrigErr())
+//
+//            if reqErr, ok := err.(awserr.RequestFailure); ok {
+//                // A service error occurred
+//                fmt.Println(reqErr.StatusCode(), reqErr.RequestID())
+//            }
+//        } else {
+//            fmt.Println(err.Error())
+//        }
+//    }
+//
+type RequestFailure interface {
+	Error
+
+	// The status code of the HTTP response.
+	StatusCode() int
+
+	// The request ID returned by the service for a request failure. This will
+	// be empty if no request ID is available such as the request failed due
+	// to a connection error.
+	RequestID() string
+}
+
+// NewRequestFailure returns a new request error wrapper for the given Error
+// provided.
+func NewRequestFailure(err Error, statusCode int, reqID string) RequestFailure {
+	return newRequestError(err, statusCode, reqID)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package awserr
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// SprintError returns a string of the formatted error code.
+//
+// Both extra and origErr are optional.  If they are included their lines
+// will be added, but if they are not included their lines will be ignored.
+func SprintError(code, message, extra string, origErr error) string {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", code, message)
+	if extra != "" {
+		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s\n\t%s", msg, extra)
+	}
+	if origErr != nil {
+		msg = fmt.Sprintf("%s\ncaused by: %s", msg, origErr.Error())
+	}
+	return msg
+}
+
+// A baseError wraps the code and message which defines an error. It also
+// can be used to wrap an original error object.
+//
+// Should be used as the root for errors satisfying the awserr.Error. Also
+// for any error which does not fit into a specific error wrapper type.
+type baseError struct {
+	// Classification of error
+	code string
+
+	// Detailed information about error
+	message string
+
+	// Optional original error this error is based off of. Allows building
+	// chained errors.
+	origErr error
+}
+
+// newBaseError returns an error object for the code, message, and err.
+//
+// code is a short no whitespace phrase depicting the classification of
+// the error that is being created.
+//
+// message is the free flow string containing detailed information about the error.
+//
+// origErr is the error object which will be nested under the new error to be returned.
+func newBaseError(code, message string, origErr error) *baseError {
+	return &baseError{
+		code:    code,
+		message: message,
+		origErr: origErr,
+	}
+}
+
+// Error returns the string representation of the error.
+//
+// See ErrorWithExtra for formatting.
+//
+// Satisfies the error interface.
+func (b baseError) Error() string {
+	return SprintError(b.code, b.message, "", b.origErr)
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the error.
+// Alias for Error to satisfy the stringer interface.
+func (b baseError) String() string {
+	return b.Error()
+}
+
+// Code returns the short phrase depicting the classification of the error.
+func (b baseError) Code() string {
+	return b.code
+}
+
+// Message returns the error details message.
+func (b baseError) Message() string {
+	return b.message
+}
+
+// OrigErr returns the original error if one was set. Nil is returned if no error
+// was set.
+func (b baseError) OrigErr() error {
+	return b.origErr
+}
+
+// So that the Error interface type can be included as an anonymous field
+// in the requestError struct and not conflict with the error.Error() method.
+type awsError Error
+
+// A requestError wraps a request or service error.
+//
+// Composed of baseError for code, message, and original error.
+type requestError struct {
+	awsError
+	statusCode int
+	requestID  string
+}
+
+// newRequestError returns a wrapped error with additional information for request
+// status code, and service requestID.
+//
+// Should be used to wrap all request which involve service requests. Even if
+// the request failed without a service response, but had an HTTP status code
+// that may be meaningful.
+//
+// Also wraps original errors via the baseError.
+func newRequestError(err Error, statusCode int, requestID string) *requestError {
+	return &requestError{
+		awsError:   err,
+		statusCode: statusCode,
+		requestID:  requestID,
+	}
+}
+
+// Error returns the string representation of the error.
+// Satisfies the error interface.
+func (r requestError) Error() string {
+	extra := fmt.Sprintf("status code: %d, request id: %s",
+		r.statusCode, r.requestID)
+	return SprintError(r.Code(), r.Message(), extra, r.OrigErr())
+}
+
+// String returns the string representation of the error.
+// Alias for Error to satisfy the stringer interface.
+func (r requestError) String() string {
+	return r.Error()
+}
+
+// StatusCode returns the wrapped status code for the error
+func (r requestError) StatusCode() int {
+	return r.statusCode
+}
+
+// RequestID returns the wrapped requestID
+func (r requestError) RequestID() string {
+	return r.requestID
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package awsutil
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// Copy deeply copies a src structure to dst. Useful for copying request and
+// response structures.
+//
+// Can copy between structs of different type, but will only copy fields which
+// are assignable, and exist in both structs. Fields which are not assignable,
+// or do not exist in both structs are ignored.
+func Copy(dst, src interface{}) {
+	dstval := reflect.ValueOf(dst)
+	if !dstval.IsValid() {
+		panic("Copy dst cannot be nil")
+	}
+
+	rcopy(dstval, reflect.ValueOf(src), true)
+}
+
+// CopyOf returns a copy of src while also allocating the memory for dst.
+// src must be a pointer type or this operation will fail.
+func CopyOf(src interface{}) (dst interface{}) {
+	dsti := reflect.New(reflect.TypeOf(src).Elem())
+	dst = dsti.Interface()
+	rcopy(dsti, reflect.ValueOf(src), true)
+	return
+}
+
+// rcopy performs a recursive copy of values from the source to destination.
+//
+// root is used to skip certain aspects of the copy which are not valid
+// for the root node of a object.
+func rcopy(dst, src reflect.Value, root bool) {
+	if !src.IsValid() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch src.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if _, ok := src.Interface().(io.Reader); ok {
+			if dst.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && dst.Elem().CanSet() {
+				dst.Elem().Set(src)
+			} else if dst.CanSet() {
+				dst.Set(src)
+			}
+		} else {
+			e := src.Type().Elem()
+			if dst.CanSet() && !src.IsNil() {
+				dst.Set(reflect.New(e))
+			}
+			if src.Elem().IsValid() {
+				// Keep the current root state since the depth hasn't changed
+				rcopy(dst.Elem(), src.Elem(), root)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		t := dst.Type()
+		for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+			name := t.Field(i).Name
+			srcVal := src.FieldByName(name)
+			dstVal := dst.FieldByName(name)
+			if srcVal.IsValid() && dstVal.CanSet() {
+				rcopy(dstVal, srcVal, false)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			break
+		}
+
+		s := reflect.MakeSlice(src.Type(), src.Len(), src.Cap())
+		dst.Set(s)
+		for i := 0; i < src.Len(); i++ {
+			rcopy(dst.Index(i), src.Index(i), false)
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			break
+		}
+
+		s := reflect.MakeMap(src.Type())
+		dst.Set(s)
+		for _, k := range src.MapKeys() {
+			v := src.MapIndex(k)
+			v2 := reflect.New(v.Type()).Elem()
+			rcopy(v2, v, false)
+			dst.SetMapIndex(k, v2)
+		}
+	default:
+		// Assign the value if possible. If its not assignable, the value would
+		// need to be converted and the impact of that may be unexpected, or is
+		// not compatible with the dst type.
+		if src.Type().AssignableTo(dst.Type()) {
+			dst.Set(src)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+package awsutil_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awsutil"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func ExampleCopy() {
+	type Foo struct {
+		A int
+		B []*string
+	}
+
+	// Create the initial value
+	str1 := "hello"
+	str2 := "bye bye"
+	f1 := &Foo{A: 1, B: []*string{&str1, &str2}}
+
+	// Do the copy
+	var f2 Foo
+	awsutil.Copy(&f2, f1)
+
+	// Print the result
+	fmt.Println(awsutil.Prettify(f2))
+
+	// Output:
+	// {
+	//   A: 1,
+	//   B: ["hello","bye bye"]
+	// }
+}
+
+func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	type Foo struct {
+		A int
+		B []*string
+		C map[string]*int
+	}
+
+	// Create the initial value
+	str1 := "hello"
+	str2 := "bye bye"
+	int1 := 1
+	int2 := 2
+	f1 := &Foo{
+		A: 1,
+		B: []*string{&str1, &str2},
+		C: map[string]*int{
+			"A": &int1,
+			"B": &int2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Do the copy
+	var f2 Foo
+	awsutil.Copy(&f2, f1)
+
+	// Values are equal
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.A, f1.A)
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.B, f1.B)
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.C, f1.C)
+
+	// But pointers are not!
+	str3 := "nothello"
+	int3 := 57
+	f2.A = 100
+	f2.B[0] = &str3
+	f2.C["B"] = &int3
+	assert.NotEqual(t, f2.A, f1.A)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, f2.B, f1.B)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, f2.C, f1.C)
+}
+
+func TestCopyNestedWithUnexported(t *testing.T) {
+	type Bar struct {
+		a int
+		B int
+	}
+	type Foo struct {
+		A string
+		B Bar
+	}
+
+	f1 := &Foo{A: "string", B: Bar{a: 1, B: 2}}
+
+	var f2 Foo
+	awsutil.Copy(&f2, f1)
+
+	// Values match
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.A, f1.A)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, f2.B, f1.B)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, f2.B.a, f1.B.a)
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.B.B, f2.B.B)
+}
+
+func TestCopyIgnoreNilMembers(t *testing.T) {
+	type Foo struct {
+		A *string
+		B []string
+		C map[string]string
+	}
+
+	f := &Foo{}
+	assert.Nil(t, f.A)
+	assert.Nil(t, f.B)
+	assert.Nil(t, f.C)
+
+	var f2 Foo
+	awsutil.Copy(&f2, f)
+	assert.Nil(t, f2.A)
+	assert.Nil(t, f2.B)
+	assert.Nil(t, f2.C)
+
+	fcopy := awsutil.CopyOf(f)
+	f3 := fcopy.(*Foo)
+	assert.Nil(t, f3.A)
+	assert.Nil(t, f3.B)
+	assert.Nil(t, f3.C)
+}
+
+func TestCopyPrimitive(t *testing.T) {
+	str := "hello"
+	var s string
+	awsutil.Copy(&s, &str)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", s)
+}
+
+func TestCopyNil(t *testing.T) {
+	var s string
+	awsutil.Copy(&s, nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", s)
+}
+
+func TestCopyReader(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf io.Reader = bytes.NewReader([]byte("hello world"))
+	var r io.Reader
+	awsutil.Copy(&r, buf)
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("hello world"), b)
+
+	// empty bytes because this is not a deep copy
+	b, err = ioutil.ReadAll(buf)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte(""), b)
+}
+
+func TestCopyDifferentStructs(t *testing.T) {
+	type SrcFoo struct {
+		A                int
+		B                []*string
+		C                map[string]*int
+		SrcUnique        string
+		SameNameDiffType int
+		unexportedPtr    *int
+		ExportedPtr      *int
+	}
+	type DstFoo struct {
+		A                int
+		B                []*string
+		C                map[string]*int
+		DstUnique        int
+		SameNameDiffType string
+		unexportedPtr    *int
+		ExportedPtr      *int
+	}
+
+	// Create the initial value
+	str1 := "hello"
+	str2 := "bye bye"
+	int1 := 1
+	int2 := 2
+	f1 := &SrcFoo{
+		A: 1,
+		B: []*string{&str1, &str2},
+		C: map[string]*int{
+			"A": &int1,
+			"B": &int2,
+		},
+		SrcUnique:        "unique",
+		SameNameDiffType: 1,
+		unexportedPtr:    &int1,
+		ExportedPtr:      &int2,
+	}
+
+	// Do the copy
+	var f2 DstFoo
+	awsutil.Copy(&f2, f1)
+
+	// Values are equal
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.A, f1.A)
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.B, f1.B)
+	assert.Equal(t, f2.C, f1.C)
+	assert.Equal(t, "unique", f1.SrcUnique)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, f1.SameNameDiffType)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, f2.DstUnique)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", f2.SameNameDiffType)
+	assert.Equal(t, int1, *f1.unexportedPtr)
+	assert.Nil(t, f2.unexportedPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, int2, *f1.ExportedPtr)
+	assert.Equal(t, int2, *f2.ExportedPtr)
+}
+
+func ExampleCopyOf() {
+	type Foo struct {
+		A int
+		B []*string
+	}
+
+	// Create the initial value
+	str1 := "hello"
+	str2 := "bye bye"
+	f1 := &Foo{A: 1, B: []*string{&str1, &str2}}
+
+	// Do the copy
+	v := awsutil.CopyOf(f1)
+	var f2 *Foo = v.(*Foo)
+
+	// Print the result
+	fmt.Println(awsutil.Prettify(f2))
+
+	// Output:
+	// {
+	//   A: 1,
+	//   B: ["hello","bye bye"]
+	// }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package awsutil
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+// DeepEqual returns if the two values are deeply equal like reflect.DeepEqual.
+// In addition to this, this method will also dereference the input values if
+// possible so the DeepEqual performed will not fail if one parameter is a
+// pointer and the other is not.
+//
+// DeepEqual will not perform indirection of nested values of the input parameters.
+func DeepEqual(a, b interface{}) bool {
+	ra := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(a))
+	rb := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(b))
+
+	if raValid, rbValid := ra.IsValid(), rb.IsValid(); !raValid && !rbValid {
+		// If the elements are both nil, and of the same type the are equal
+		// If they are of different types they are not equal
+		return reflect.TypeOf(a) == reflect.TypeOf(b)
+	} else if raValid != rbValid {
+		// Both values must be valid to be equal
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return reflect.DeepEqual(ra.Interface(), rb.Interface())
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package awsutil_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awsutil"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestDeepEqual(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		a, b  interface{}
+		equal bool
+	}{
+		{"a", "a", true},
+		{"a", "b", false},
+		{"a", aws.String(""), false},
+		{"a", nil, false},
+		{"a", aws.String("a"), true},
+		{(*bool)(nil), (*bool)(nil), true},
+		{(*bool)(nil), (*string)(nil), false},
+		{nil, nil, true},
+	}
+
+	for i, c := range cases {
+		assert.Equal(t, c.equal, awsutil.DeepEqual(c.a, c.b), "%d, a:%v b:%v, %t", i, c.a, c.b, c.equal)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+package awsutil
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath"
+)
+
+var indexRe = regexp.MustCompile(`(.+)\[(-?\d+)?\]$`)
+
+// rValuesAtPath returns a slice of values found in value v. The values
+// in v are explored recursively so all nested values are collected.
+func rValuesAtPath(v interface{}, path string, createPath, caseSensitive, nilTerm bool) []reflect.Value {
+	pathparts := strings.Split(path, "||")
+	if len(pathparts) > 1 {
+		for _, pathpart := range pathparts {
+			vals := rValuesAtPath(v, pathpart, createPath, caseSensitive, nilTerm)
+			if len(vals) > 0 {
+				return vals
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	values := []reflect.Value{reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(v))}
+	components := strings.Split(path, ".")
+	for len(values) > 0 && len(components) > 0 {
+		var index *int64
+		var indexStar bool
+		c := strings.TrimSpace(components[0])
+		if c == "" { // no actual component, illegal syntax
+			return nil
+		} else if caseSensitive && c != "*" && strings.ToLower(c[0:1]) == c[0:1] {
+			// TODO normalize case for user
+			return nil // don't support unexported fields
+		}
+
+		// parse this component
+		if m := indexRe.FindStringSubmatch(c); m != nil {
+			c = m[1]
+			if m[2] == "" {
+				index = nil
+				indexStar = true
+			} else {
+				i, _ := strconv.ParseInt(m[2], 10, 32)
+				index = &i
+				indexStar = false
+			}
+		}
+
+		nextvals := []reflect.Value{}
+		for _, value := range values {
+			// pull component name out of struct member
+			if value.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if c == "*" { // pull all members
+				for i := 0; i < value.NumField(); i++ {
+					if f := reflect.Indirect(value.Field(i)); f.IsValid() {
+						nextvals = append(nextvals, f)
+					}
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			value = value.FieldByNameFunc(func(name string) bool {
+				if c == name {
+					return true
+				} else if !caseSensitive && strings.ToLower(name) == strings.ToLower(c) {
+					return true
+				}
+				return false
+			})
+
+			if nilTerm && value.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && len(components[1:]) == 0 {
+				if !value.IsNil() {
+					value.Set(reflect.Zero(value.Type()))
+				}
+				return []reflect.Value{value}
+			}
+
+			if createPath && value.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && value.IsNil() {
+				// TODO if the value is the terminus it should not be created
+				// if the value to be set to its position is nil.
+				value.Set(reflect.New(value.Type().Elem()))
+				value = value.Elem()
+			} else {
+				value = reflect.Indirect(value)
+			}
+
+			if value.Kind() == reflect.Slice || value.Kind() == reflect.Map {
+				if !createPath && value.IsNil() {
+					value = reflect.ValueOf(nil)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if value.IsValid() {
+				nextvals = append(nextvals, value)
+			}
+		}
+		values = nextvals
+
+		if indexStar || index != nil {
+			nextvals = []reflect.Value{}
+			for _, value := range values {
+				value := reflect.Indirect(value)
+				if value.Kind() != reflect.Slice {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if indexStar { // grab all indices
+					for i := 0; i < value.Len(); i++ {
+						idx := reflect.Indirect(value.Index(i))
+						if idx.IsValid() {
+							nextvals = append(nextvals, idx)
+						}
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// pull out index
+				i := int(*index)
+				if i >= value.Len() { // check out of bounds
+					if createPath {
+						// TODO resize slice
+					} else {
+						continue
+					}
+				} else if i < 0 { // support negative indexing
+					i = value.Len() + i
+				}
+				value = reflect.Indirect(value.Index(i))
+
+				if value.Kind() == reflect.Slice || value.Kind() == reflect.Map {
+					if !createPath && value.IsNil() {
+						value = reflect.ValueOf(nil)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if value.IsValid() {
+					nextvals = append(nextvals, value)
+				}
+			}
+			values = nextvals
+		}
+
+		components = components[1:]
+	}
+	return values
+}
+
+// ValuesAtPath returns a list of values at the case insensitive lexical
+// path inside of a structure.
+func ValuesAtPath(i interface{}, path string) ([]interface{}, error) {
+	result, err := jmespath.Search(path, i)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(result)
+	if !v.IsValid() || (v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.IsNil()) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if s, ok := result.([]interface{}); ok {
+		return s, err
+	}
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Map && v.Len() == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
+		out := make([]interface{}, v.Len())
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			out[i] = v.Index(i).Interface()
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	return []interface{}{result}, nil
+}
+
+// SetValueAtPath sets a value at the case insensitive lexical path inside
+// of a structure.
+func SetValueAtPath(i interface{}, path string, v interface{}) {
+	if rvals := rValuesAtPath(i, path, true, false, v == nil); rvals != nil {
+		for _, rval := range rvals {
+			if rval.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && rval.IsNil() {
+				continue
+			}
+			setValue(rval, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func setValue(dstVal reflect.Value, src interface{}) {
+	if dstVal.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		dstVal = reflect.Indirect(dstVal)
+	}
+	srcVal := reflect.ValueOf(src)
+
+	if !srcVal.IsValid() { // src is literal nil
+		if dstVal.CanAddr() {
+			// Convert to pointer so that pointer's value can be nil'ed
+			//                     dstVal = dstVal.Addr()
+		}
+		dstVal.Set(reflect.Zero(dstVal.Type()))
+
+	} else if srcVal.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		if srcVal.IsNil() {
+			srcVal = reflect.Zero(dstVal.Type())
+		} else {
+			srcVal = reflect.ValueOf(src).Elem()
+		}
+		dstVal.Set(srcVal)
+	} else {
+		dstVal.Set(srcVal)
+	}
+
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package awsutil_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awsutil"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type Struct struct {
+	A []Struct
+	z []Struct
+	B *Struct
+	D *Struct
+	C string
+	E map[string]string
+}
+
+var data = Struct{
+	A: []Struct{{C: "value1"}, {C: "value2"}, {C: "value3"}},
+	z: []Struct{{C: "value1"}, {C: "value2"}, {C: "value3"}},
+	B: &Struct{B: &Struct{C: "terminal"}, D: &Struct{C: "terminal2"}},
+	C: "initial",
+}
+var data2 = Struct{A: []Struct{
+	{A: []Struct{{C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}}},
+	{A: []Struct{{C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}}},
+}}
+
+func TestValueAtPathSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	var testCases = []struct {
+		expect []interface{}
+		data   interface{}
+		path   string
+	}{
+		{[]interface{}{"initial"}, data, "C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value1"}, data, "A[0].C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value2"}, data, "A[1].C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value3"}, data, "A[2].C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value3"}, data, "a[2].c"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value3"}, data, "A[-1].C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"value1", "value2", "value3"}, data, "A[].C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"terminal"}, data, "B . B . C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"initial"}, data, "A.D.X || C"},
+		{[]interface{}{"initial"}, data, "A[0].B || C"},
+		{[]interface{}{
+			Struct{A: []Struct{{C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}, {C: "1"}}},
+			Struct{A: []Struct{{C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}, {C: "2"}}},
+		}, data2, "A"},
+	}
+	for i, c := range testCases {
+		v, err := awsutil.ValuesAtPath(c.data, c.path)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "case %d, expected no error, %s", i, c.path)
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expect, v, "case %d, %s", i, c.path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValueAtPathFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	var testCases = []struct {
+		expect      []interface{}
+		errContains string
+		data        interface{}
+		path        string
+	}{
+		{nil, "", data, "C.x"},
+		{nil, "SyntaxError: Invalid token: tDot", data, ".x"},
+		{nil, "", data, "X.Y.Z"},
+		{nil, "", data, "A[100].C"},
+		{nil, "", data, "A[3].C"},
+		{nil, "", data, "B.B.C.Z"},
+		{nil, "", data, "z[-1].C"},
+		{nil, "", nil, "A.B.C"},
+		{[]interface{}{}, "", Struct{}, "A"},
+		{nil, "", data, "A[0].B.C"},
+		{nil, "", data, "D"},
+	}
+
+	for i, c := range testCases {
+		v, err := awsutil.ValuesAtPath(c.data, c.path)
+		if c.errContains != "" {
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), c.errContains, "case %d, expected error, %s", i, c.path)
+			continue
+		} else {
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "case %d, expected no error, %s", i, c.path)
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, c.expect, v, "case %d, %s", i, c.path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetValueAtPathSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	var s Struct
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s, "C", "test1")
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s, "B.B.C", "test2")
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s, "B.D.C", "test3")
+	assert.Equal(t, "test1", s.C)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test2", s.B.B.C)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test3", s.B.D.C)
+
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s, "B.*.C", "test0")
+	assert.Equal(t, "test0", s.B.B.C)
+	assert.Equal(t, "test0", s.B.D.C)
+
+	var s2 Struct
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s2, "b.b.c", "test0")
+	assert.Equal(t, "test0", s2.B.B.C)
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s2, "A", []Struct{{}})
+	assert.Equal(t, []Struct{{}}, s2.A)
+
+	str := "foo"
+
+	s3 := Struct{}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s3, "b.b.c", str)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo", s3.B.B.C)
+
+	s3 = Struct{B: &Struct{B: &Struct{C: str}}}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s3, "b.b.c", nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", s3.B.B.C)
+
+	s3 = Struct{}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s3, "b.b.c", nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", s3.B.B.C)
+
+	s3 = Struct{}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s3, "b.b.c", &str)
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo", s3.B.B.C)
+
+	var s4 struct{ Name *string }
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s4, "Name", str)
+	assert.Equal(t, str, *s4.Name)
+
+	s4 = struct{ Name *string }{}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s4, "Name", nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, (*string)(nil), s4.Name)
+
+	s4 = struct{ Name *string }{Name: &str}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s4, "Name", nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, (*string)(nil), s4.Name)
+
+	s4 = struct{ Name *string }{}
+	awsutil.SetValueAtPath(&s4, "Name", &str)
+	assert.Equal(t, str, *s4.Name)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package awsutil
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Prettify returns the string representation of a value.
+func Prettify(i interface{}) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	prettify(reflect.ValueOf(i), 0, &buf)
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+// prettify will recursively walk value v to build a textual
+// representation of the value.
+func prettify(v reflect.Value, indent int, buf *bytes.Buffer) {
+	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		v = v.Elem()
+	}
+
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		strtype := v.Type().String()
+		if strtype == "time.Time" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s", v.Interface())
+			break
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(strtype, "io.") {
+			buf.WriteString("<buffer>")
+			break
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString("{\n")
+
+		names := []string{}
+		for i := 0; i < v.Type().NumField(); i++ {
+			name := v.Type().Field(i).Name
+			f := v.Field(i)
+			if name[0:1] == strings.ToLower(name[0:1]) {
+				continue // ignore unexported fields
+			}
+			if (f.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || f.Kind() == reflect.Slice || f.Kind() == reflect.Map) && f.IsNil() {
+				continue // ignore unset fields
+			}
+			names = append(names, name)
+		}
+
+		for i, n := range names {
+			val := v.FieldByName(n)
+			buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2))
+			buf.WriteString(n + ": ")
+			prettify(val, indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < len(names)-1 {
+				buf.WriteString(",\n")
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString("\n" + strings.Repeat(" ", indent) + "}")
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		nl, id, id2 := "", "", ""
+		if v.Len() > 3 {
+			nl, id, id2 = "\n", strings.Repeat(" ", indent), strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2)
+		}
+		buf.WriteString("[" + nl)
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			buf.WriteString(id2)
+			prettify(v.Index(i), indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < v.Len()-1 {
+				buf.WriteString("," + nl)
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString(nl + id + "]")
+	case reflect.Map:
+		buf.WriteString("{\n")
+
+		for i, k := range v.MapKeys() {
+			buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2))
+			buf.WriteString(k.String() + ": ")
+			prettify(v.MapIndex(k), indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < v.Len()-1 {
+				buf.WriteString(",\n")
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString("\n" + strings.Repeat(" ", indent) + "}")
+	default:
+		format := "%v"
+		switch v.Interface().(type) {
+		case string:
+			format = "%q"
+		case io.ReadSeeker, io.Reader:
+			format = "buffer(%p)"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(buf, format, v.Interface())
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package awsutil
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// StringValue returns the string representation of a value.
+func StringValue(i interface{}) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	stringValue(reflect.ValueOf(i), 0, &buf)
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
+func stringValue(v reflect.Value, indent int, buf *bytes.Buffer) {
+	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+		v = v.Elem()
+	}
+
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		buf.WriteString("{\n")
+
+		names := []string{}
+		for i := 0; i < v.Type().NumField(); i++ {
+			name := v.Type().Field(i).Name
+			f := v.Field(i)
+			if name[0:1] == strings.ToLower(name[0:1]) {
+				continue // ignore unexported fields
+			}
+			if (f.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || f.Kind() == reflect.Slice) && f.IsNil() {
+				continue // ignore unset fields
+			}
+			names = append(names, name)
+		}
+
+		for i, n := range names {
+			val := v.FieldByName(n)
+			buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2))
+			buf.WriteString(n + ": ")
+			stringValue(val, indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < len(names)-1 {
+				buf.WriteString(",\n")
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString("\n" + strings.Repeat(" ", indent) + "}")
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		nl, id, id2 := "", "", ""
+		if v.Len() > 3 {
+			nl, id, id2 = "\n", strings.Repeat(" ", indent), strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2)
+		}
+		buf.WriteString("[" + nl)
+		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+			buf.WriteString(id2)
+			stringValue(v.Index(i), indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < v.Len()-1 {
+				buf.WriteString("," + nl)
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString(nl + id + "]")
+	case reflect.Map:
+		buf.WriteString("{\n")
+
+		for i, k := range v.MapKeys() {
+			buf.WriteString(strings.Repeat(" ", indent+2))
+			buf.WriteString(k.String() + ": ")
+			stringValue(v.MapIndex(k), indent+2, buf)
+
+			if i < v.Len()-1 {
+				buf.WriteString(",\n")
+			}
+		}
+
+		buf.WriteString("\n" + strings.Repeat(" ", indent) + "}")
+	default:
+		format := "%v"
+		switch v.Interface().(type) {
+		case string:
+			format = "%q"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(buf, format, v.Interface())
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http/httputil"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client/metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// A Config provides configuration to a service client instance.
+type Config struct {
+	Config                  *aws.Config
+	Handlers                request.Handlers
+	Endpoint, SigningRegion string
+}
+
+// ConfigProvider provides a generic way for a service client to receive
+// the ClientConfig without circular dependencies.
+type ConfigProvider interface {
+	ClientConfig(serviceName string, cfgs ...*aws.Config) Config
+}
+
+// A Client implements the base client request and response handling
+// used by all service clients.
+type Client struct {
+	request.Retryer
+	metadata.ClientInfo
+
+	Config   aws.Config
+	Handlers request.Handlers
+}
+
+// New will return a pointer to a new initialized service client.
+func New(cfg aws.Config, info metadata.ClientInfo, handlers request.Handlers, options ...func(*Client)) *Client {
+	svc := &Client{
+		Config:     cfg,
+		ClientInfo: info,
+		Handlers:   handlers,
+	}
+
+	switch retryer, ok := cfg.Retryer.(request.Retryer); {
+	case ok:
+		svc.Retryer = retryer
+	case cfg.Retryer != nil && cfg.Logger != nil:
+		s := fmt.Sprintf("WARNING: %T does not implement request.Retryer; using DefaultRetryer instead", cfg.Retryer)
+		cfg.Logger.Log(s)
+		fallthrough
+	default:
+		maxRetries := aws.IntValue(cfg.MaxRetries)
+		if cfg.MaxRetries == nil || maxRetries == aws.UseServiceDefaultRetries {
+			maxRetries = 3
+		}
+		svc.Retryer = DefaultRetryer{NumMaxRetries: maxRetries}
+	}
+
+	svc.AddDebugHandlers()
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(svc)
+	}
+
+	return svc
+}
+
+// NewRequest returns a new Request pointer for the service API
+// operation and parameters.
+func (c *Client) NewRequest(operation *request.Operation, params interface{}, data interface{}) *request.Request {
+	return request.New(c.Config, c.ClientInfo, c.Handlers, c.Retryer, operation, params, data)
+}
+
+// AddDebugHandlers injects debug logging handlers into the service to log request
+// debug information.
+func (c *Client) AddDebugHandlers() {
+	if !c.Config.LogLevel.AtLeast(aws.LogDebug) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Handlers.Send.PushFront(logRequest)
+	c.Handlers.Send.PushBack(logResponse)
+}
+
+const logReqMsg = `DEBUG: Request %s/%s Details:
+---[ REQUEST POST-SIGN ]-----------------------------
+%s
+-----------------------------------------------------`
+
+func logRequest(r *request.Request) {
+	logBody := r.Config.LogLevel.Matches(aws.LogDebugWithHTTPBody)
+	dumpedBody, _ := httputil.DumpRequestOut(r.HTTPRequest, logBody)
+
+	if logBody {
+		// Reset the request body because dumpRequest will re-wrap the r.HTTPRequest's
+		// Body as a NoOpCloser and will not be reset after read by the HTTP
+		// client reader.
+		r.Body.Seek(r.BodyStart, 0)
+		r.HTTPRequest.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(r.Body)
+	}
+
+	r.Config.Logger.Log(fmt.Sprintf(logReqMsg, r.ClientInfo.ServiceName, r.Operation.Name, string(dumpedBody)))
+}
+
+const logRespMsg = `DEBUG: Response %s/%s Details:
+---[ RESPONSE ]--------------------------------------
+%s
+-----------------------------------------------------`
+
+func logResponse(r *request.Request) {
+	var msg = "no reponse data"
+	if r.HTTPResponse != nil {
+		logBody := r.Config.LogLevel.Matches(aws.LogDebugWithHTTPBody)
+		dumpedBody, _ := httputil.DumpResponse(r.HTTPResponse, logBody)
+		msg = string(dumpedBody)
+	} else if r.Error != nil {
+		msg = r.Error.Error()
+	}
+	r.Config.Logger.Log(fmt.Sprintf(logRespMsg, r.ClientInfo.ServiceName, r.Operation.Name, msg))
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"math/rand"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// DefaultRetryer implements basic retry logic using exponential backoff for
+// most services. If you want to implement custom retry logic, implement the
+// request.Retryer interface or create a structure type that composes this
+// struct and override the specific methods. For example, to override only
+// the MaxRetries method:
+//
+//		type retryer struct {
+//      service.DefaultRetryer
+//    }
+//
+//    // This implementation always has 100 max retries
+//    func (d retryer) MaxRetries() uint { return 100 }
+type DefaultRetryer struct {
+	NumMaxRetries int
+}
+
+// MaxRetries returns the number of maximum returns the service will use to make
+// an individual API request.
+func (d DefaultRetryer) MaxRetries() int {
+	return d.NumMaxRetries
+}
+
+// RetryRules returns the delay duration before retrying this request again
+func (d DefaultRetryer) RetryRules(r *request.Request) time.Duration {
+	delay := int(math.Pow(2, float64(r.RetryCount))) * (rand.Intn(30) + 30)
+	return time.Duration(delay) * time.Millisecond
+}
+
+// ShouldRetry returns if the request should be retried.
+func (d DefaultRetryer) ShouldRetry(r *request.Request) bool {
+	if r.HTTPResponse.StatusCode >= 500 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return r.IsErrorRetryable()
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package metadata
+
+// ClientInfo wraps immutable data from the client.Client structure.
+type ClientInfo struct {
+	ServiceName   string
+	APIVersion    string
+	Endpoint      string
+	SigningName   string
+	SigningRegion string
+	JSONVersion   string
+	TargetPrefix  string
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+package aws
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+)
+
+// UseServiceDefaultRetries instructs the config to use the service's own default
+// number of retries. This will be the default action if Config.MaxRetries
+// is nil also.
+const UseServiceDefaultRetries = -1
+
+// RequestRetryer is an alias for a type that implements the request.Retryer interface.
+type RequestRetryer interface{}
+
+// A Config provides service configuration for service clients. By default,
+// all clients will use the {defaults.DefaultConfig} structure.
+type Config struct {
+	// The credentials object to use when signing requests. Defaults to
+	// a chain of credential providers to search for credentials in environment
+	// variables, shared credential file, and EC2 Instance Roles.
+	Credentials *credentials.Credentials
+
+	// An optional endpoint URL (hostname only or fully qualified URI)
+	// that overrides the default generated endpoint for a client. Set this
+	// to `""` to use the default generated endpoint.
+	//
+	// @note You must still provide a `Region` value when specifying an
+	//   endpoint for a client.
+	Endpoint *string
+
+	// The region to send requests to. This parameter is required and must
+	// be configured globally or on a per-client basis unless otherwise
+	// noted. A full list of regions is found in the "Regions and Endpoints"
+	// document.
+	//
+	// @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html
+	//   AWS Regions and Endpoints
+	Region *string
+
+	// Set this to `true` to disable SSL when sending requests. Defaults
+	// to `false`.
+	DisableSSL *bool
+
+	// The HTTP client to use when sending requests. Defaults to
+	// `http.DefaultClient`.
+	HTTPClient *http.Client
+
+	// An integer value representing the logging level. The default log level
+	// is zero (LogOff), which represents no logging. To enable logging set
+	// to a LogLevel Value.
+	LogLevel *LogLevelType
+
+	// The logger writer interface to write logging messages to. Defaults to
+	// standard out.
+	Logger Logger
+
+	// The maximum number of times that a request will be retried for failures.
+	// Defaults to -1, which defers the max retry setting to the service specific
+	// configuration.
+	MaxRetries *int
+
+	// Retryer guides how HTTP requests should be retried in case of recoverable failures.
+	//
+	// When nil or the value does not implement the request.Retryer interface,
+	// the request.DefaultRetryer will be used.
+	//
+	// When both Retryer and MaxRetries are non-nil, the former is used and
+	// the latter ignored.
+	//
+	// To set the Retryer field in a type-safe manner and with chaining, use
+	// the request.WithRetryer helper function:
+	//
+	//   cfg := request.WithRetryer(aws.NewConfig(), myRetryer)
+	//
+	Retryer RequestRetryer
+
+	// Disables semantic parameter validation, which validates input for missing
+	// required fields and/or other semantic request input errors.
+	DisableParamValidation *bool
+
+	// Disables the computation of request and response checksums, e.g.,
+	// CRC32 checksums in Amazon DynamoDB.
+	DisableComputeChecksums *bool
+
+	// Set this to `true` to force the request to use path-style addressing,
+	// i.e., `http://s3.amazonaws.com/BUCKET/KEY`. By default, the S3 client will
+	// use virtual hosted bucket addressing when possible
+	// (`http://BUCKET.s3.amazonaws.com/KEY`).
+	//
+	// @note This configuration option is specific to the Amazon S3 service.
+	// @see http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/VirtualHosting.html
+	//   Amazon S3: Virtual Hosting of Buckets
+	S3ForcePathStyle *bool
+
+	SleepDelay func(time.Duration)
+}
+
+// NewConfig returns a new Config pointer that can be chained with builder methods to
+// set multiple configuration values inline without using pointers.
+//
+//     svc := s3.New(aws.NewConfig().WithRegion("us-west-2").WithMaxRetries(10))
+//
+func NewConfig() *Config {
+	return &Config{}
+}
+
+// WithCredentials sets a config Credentials value returning a Config pointer
+// for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithCredentials(creds *credentials.Credentials) *Config {
+	c.Credentials = creds
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithEndpoint sets a config Endpoint value returning a Config pointer for
+// chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithEndpoint(endpoint string) *Config {
+	c.Endpoint = &endpoint
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithRegion sets a config Region value returning a Config pointer for
+// chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithRegion(region string) *Config {
+	c.Region = &region
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithDisableSSL sets a config DisableSSL value returning a Config pointer
+// for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithDisableSSL(disable bool) *Config {
+	c.DisableSSL = &disable
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithHTTPClient sets a config HTTPClient value returning a Config pointer
+// for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithHTTPClient(client *http.Client) *Config {
+	c.HTTPClient = client
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithMaxRetries sets a config MaxRetries value returning a Config pointer
+// for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithMaxRetries(max int) *Config {
+	c.MaxRetries = &max
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithDisableParamValidation sets a config DisableParamValidation value
+// returning a Config pointer for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithDisableParamValidation(disable bool) *Config {
+	c.DisableParamValidation = &disable
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithDisableComputeChecksums sets a config DisableComputeChecksums value
+// returning a Config pointer for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithDisableComputeChecksums(disable bool) *Config {
+	c.DisableComputeChecksums = &disable
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithLogLevel sets a config LogLevel value returning a Config pointer for
+// chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithLogLevel(level LogLevelType) *Config {
+	c.LogLevel = &level
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithLogger sets a config Logger value returning a Config pointer for
+// chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithLogger(logger Logger) *Config {
+	c.Logger = logger
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithS3ForcePathStyle sets a config S3ForcePathStyle value returning a Config
+// pointer for chaining.
+func (c *Config) WithS3ForcePathStyle(force bool) *Config {
+	c.S3ForcePathStyle = &force
+	return c
+}
+
+// WithSleepDelay overrides the function used to sleep while waiting for the
+// next retry. Defaults to time.Sleep.
+func (c *Config) WithSleepDelay(fn func(time.Duration)) *Config {
+	c.SleepDelay = fn
+	return c
+}
+
+// MergeIn merges the passed in configs into the existing config object.
+func (c *Config) MergeIn(cfgs ...*Config) {
+	for _, other := range cfgs {
+		mergeInConfig(c, other)
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeInConfig(dst *Config, other *Config) {
+	if other == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if other.Credentials != nil {
+		dst.Credentials = other.Credentials
+	}
+
+	if other.Endpoint != nil {
+		dst.Endpoint = other.Endpoint
+	}
+
+	if other.Region != nil {
+		dst.Region = other.Region
+	}
+
+	if other.DisableSSL != nil {
+		dst.DisableSSL = other.DisableSSL
+	}
+
+	if other.HTTPClient != nil {
+		dst.HTTPClient = other.HTTPClient
+	}
+
+	if other.LogLevel != nil {
+		dst.LogLevel = other.LogLevel
+	}
+
+	if other.Logger != nil {
+		dst.Logger = other.Logger
+	}
+
+	if other.MaxRetries != nil {
+		dst.MaxRetries = other.MaxRetries
+	}
+
+	if other.Retryer != nil {
+		dst.Retryer = other.Retryer
+	}
+
+	if other.DisableParamValidation != nil {
+		dst.DisableParamValidation = other.DisableParamValidation
+	}
+
+	if other.DisableComputeChecksums != nil {
+		dst.DisableComputeChecksums = other.DisableComputeChecksums
+	}
+
+	if other.S3ForcePathStyle != nil {
+		dst.S3ForcePathStyle = other.S3ForcePathStyle
+	}
+
+	if other.SleepDelay != nil {
+		dst.SleepDelay = other.SleepDelay
+	}
+}
+
+// Copy will return a shallow copy of the Config object. If any additional
+// configurations are provided they will be merged into the new config returned.
+func (c *Config) Copy(cfgs ...*Config) *Config {
+	dst := &Config{}
+	dst.MergeIn(c)
+
+	for _, cfg := range cfgs {
+		dst.MergeIn(cfg)
+	}
+
+	return dst
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package aws
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+)
+
+var testCredentials = credentials.NewStaticCredentials("AKID", "SECRET", "SESSION")
+
+var copyTestConfig = Config{
+	Credentials:             testCredentials,
+	Endpoint:                String("CopyTestEndpoint"),
+	Region:                  String("COPY_TEST_AWS_REGION"),
+	DisableSSL:              Bool(true),
+	HTTPClient:              http.DefaultClient,
+	LogLevel:                LogLevel(LogDebug),
+	Logger:                  NewDefaultLogger(),
+	MaxRetries:              Int(3),
+	DisableParamValidation:  Bool(true),
+	DisableComputeChecksums: Bool(true),
+	S3ForcePathStyle:        Bool(true),
+}
+
+func TestCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	want := copyTestConfig
+	got := copyTestConfig.Copy()
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(*got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("Copy() = %+v", got)
+		t.Errorf("    want %+v", want)
+	}
+
+	got.Region = String("other")
+	if got.Region == want.Region {
+		t.Errorf("Expect setting copy values not not reflect in source")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCopyReturnsNewInstance(t *testing.T) {
+	want := copyTestConfig
+	got := copyTestConfig.Copy()
+	if got == &want {
+		t.Errorf("Copy() = %p; want different instance as source %p", got, &want)
+	}
+}
+
+var mergeTestZeroValueConfig = Config{}
+
+var mergeTestConfig = Config{
+	Credentials:             testCredentials,
+	Endpoint:                String("MergeTestEndpoint"),
+	Region:                  String("MERGE_TEST_AWS_REGION"),
+	DisableSSL:              Bool(true),
+	HTTPClient:              http.DefaultClient,
+	LogLevel:                LogLevel(LogDebug),
+	Logger:                  NewDefaultLogger(),
+	MaxRetries:              Int(10),
+	DisableParamValidation:  Bool(true),
+	DisableComputeChecksums: Bool(true),
+	S3ForcePathStyle:        Bool(true),
+}
+
+var mergeTests = []struct {
+	cfg  *Config
+	in   *Config
+	want *Config
+}{
+	{&Config{}, nil, &Config{}},
+	{&Config{}, &mergeTestZeroValueConfig, &Config{}},
+	{&Config{}, &mergeTestConfig, &mergeTestConfig},
+}
+
+func TestMerge(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, tt := range mergeTests {
+		got := tt.cfg.Copy()
+		got.MergeIn(tt.in)
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
+			t.Errorf("Config %d %+v", i, tt.cfg)
+			t.Errorf("   Merge(%+v)", tt.in)
+			t.Errorf("     got %+v", got)
+			t.Errorf("    want %+v", tt.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+package aws
+
+import "time"
+
+// String returns a pointer to of the string value passed in.
+func String(v string) *string {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// StringValue returns the value of the string pointer passed in or
+// "" if the pointer is nil.
+func StringValue(v *string) string {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// StringSlice converts a slice of string values into a slice of
+// string pointers
+func StringSlice(src []string) []*string {
+	dst := make([]*string, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// StringValueSlice converts a slice of string pointers into a slice of
+// string values
+func StringValueSlice(src []*string) []string {
+	dst := make([]string, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// StringMap converts a string map of string values into a string
+// map of string pointers
+func StringMap(src map[string]string) map[string]*string {
+	dst := make(map[string]*string)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// StringValueMap converts a string map of string pointers into a string
+// map of string values
+func StringValueMap(src map[string]*string) map[string]string {
+	dst := make(map[string]string)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Bool returns a pointer to of the bool value passed in.
+func Bool(v bool) *bool {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// BoolValue returns the value of the bool pointer passed in or
+// false if the pointer is nil.
+func BoolValue(v *bool) bool {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// BoolSlice converts a slice of bool values into a slice of
+// bool pointers
+func BoolSlice(src []bool) []*bool {
+	dst := make([]*bool, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// BoolValueSlice converts a slice of bool pointers into a slice of
+// bool values
+func BoolValueSlice(src []*bool) []bool {
+	dst := make([]bool, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// BoolMap converts a string map of bool values into a string
+// map of bool pointers
+func BoolMap(src map[string]bool) map[string]*bool {
+	dst := make(map[string]*bool)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// BoolValueMap converts a string map of bool pointers into a string
+// map of bool values
+func BoolValueMap(src map[string]*bool) map[string]bool {
+	dst := make(map[string]bool)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Int returns a pointer to of the int value passed in.
+func Int(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// IntValue returns the value of the int pointer passed in or
+// 0 if the pointer is nil.
+func IntValue(v *int) int {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// IntSlice converts a slice of int values into a slice of
+// int pointers
+func IntSlice(src []int) []*int {
+	dst := make([]*int, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// IntValueSlice converts a slice of int pointers into a slice of
+// int values
+func IntValueSlice(src []*int) []int {
+	dst := make([]int, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// IntMap converts a string map of int values into a string
+// map of int pointers
+func IntMap(src map[string]int) map[string]*int {
+	dst := make(map[string]*int)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// IntValueMap converts a string map of int pointers into a string
+// map of int values
+func IntValueMap(src map[string]*int) map[string]int {
+	dst := make(map[string]int)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Int64 returns a pointer to of the int64 value passed in.
+func Int64(v int64) *int64 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Int64Value returns the value of the int64 pointer passed in or
+// 0 if the pointer is nil.
+func Int64Value(v *int64) int64 {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Int64Slice converts a slice of int64 values into a slice of
+// int64 pointers
+func Int64Slice(src []int64) []*int64 {
+	dst := make([]*int64, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Int64ValueSlice converts a slice of int64 pointers into a slice of
+// int64 values
+func Int64ValueSlice(src []*int64) []int64 {
+	dst := make([]int64, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Int64Map converts a string map of int64 values into a string
+// map of int64 pointers
+func Int64Map(src map[string]int64) map[string]*int64 {
+	dst := make(map[string]*int64)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Int64ValueMap converts a string map of int64 pointers into a string
+// map of int64 values
+func Int64ValueMap(src map[string]*int64) map[string]int64 {
+	dst := make(map[string]int64)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Float64 returns a pointer to of the float64 value passed in.
+func Float64(v float64) *float64 {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// Float64Value returns the value of the float64 pointer passed in or
+// 0 if the pointer is nil.
+func Float64Value(v *float64) float64 {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Float64Slice converts a slice of float64 values into a slice of
+// float64 pointers
+func Float64Slice(src []float64) []*float64 {
+	dst := make([]*float64, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Float64ValueSlice converts a slice of float64 pointers into a slice of
+// float64 values
+func Float64ValueSlice(src []*float64) []float64 {
+	dst := make([]float64, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Float64Map converts a string map of float64 values into a string
+// map of float64 pointers
+func Float64Map(src map[string]float64) map[string]*float64 {
+	dst := make(map[string]*float64)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Float64ValueMap converts a string map of float64 pointers into a string
+// map of float64 values
+func Float64ValueMap(src map[string]*float64) map[string]float64 {
+	dst := make(map[string]float64)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// Time returns a pointer to of the time.Time value passed in.
+func Time(v time.Time) *time.Time {
+	return &v
+}
+
+// TimeValue returns the value of the time.Time pointer passed in or
+// time.Time{} if the pointer is nil.
+func TimeValue(v *time.Time) time.Time {
+	if v != nil {
+		return *v
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+// TimeSlice converts a slice of time.Time values into a slice of
+// time.Time pointers
+func TimeSlice(src []time.Time) []*time.Time {
+	dst := make([]*time.Time, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		dst[i] = &(src[i])
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// TimeValueSlice converts a slice of time.Time pointers into a slice of
+// time.Time values
+func TimeValueSlice(src []*time.Time) []time.Time {
+	dst := make([]time.Time, len(src))
+	for i := 0; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != nil {
+			dst[i] = *(src[i])
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// TimeMap converts a string map of time.Time values into a string
+// map of time.Time pointers
+func TimeMap(src map[string]time.Time) map[string]*time.Time {
+	dst := make(map[string]*time.Time)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		v := val
+		dst[k] = &v
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// TimeValueMap converts a string map of time.Time pointers into a string
+// map of time.Time values
+func TimeValueMap(src map[string]*time.Time) map[string]time.Time {
+	dst := make(map[string]time.Time)
+	for k, val := range src {
+		if val != nil {
+			dst[k] = *val
+		}
+	}
+	return dst
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+package aws
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+var testCasesStringSlice = [][]string{
+	{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"},
+	{"a", "b", "", "", "e"},
+}
+
+func TestStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesStringSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := StringSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := StringValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesStringValueSlice = [][]*string{
+	{String("a"), String("b"), nil, String("c")},
+}
+
+func TestStringValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesStringValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := StringValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := StringSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesStringMap = []map[string]string{
+	{"a": "1", "b": "2", "c": "3"},
+}
+
+func TestStringMap(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesStringMap {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := StringMap(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := StringValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesBoolSlice = [][]bool{
+	{true, true, false, false},
+}
+
+func TestBoolSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesBoolSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := BoolSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := BoolValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesBoolValueSlice = [][]*bool{}
+
+func TestBoolValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesBoolValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := BoolValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := BoolSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesBoolMap = []map[string]bool{
+	{"a": true, "b": false, "c": true},
+}
+
+func TestBoolMap(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesBoolMap {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := BoolMap(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := BoolValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesIntSlice = [][]int{
+	{1, 2, 3, 4},
+}
+
+func TestIntSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesIntSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := IntSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := IntValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesIntValueSlice = [][]*int{}
+
+func TestIntValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesIntValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := IntValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := IntSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesIntMap = []map[string]int{
+	{"a": 3, "b": 2, "c": 1},
+}
+
+func TestIntMap(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesIntMap {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := IntMap(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := IntValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesInt64Slice = [][]int64{
+	{1, 2, 3, 4},
+}
+
+func TestInt64Slice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesInt64Slice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Int64Slice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := Int64ValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesInt64ValueSlice = [][]*int64{}
+
+func TestInt64ValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesInt64ValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Int64ValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := Int64Slice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesInt64Map = []map[string]int64{
+	{"a": 3, "b": 2, "c": 1},
+}
+
+func TestInt64Map(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesInt64Map {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Int64Map(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := Int64ValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesFloat64Slice = [][]float64{
+	{1, 2, 3, 4},
+}
+
+func TestFloat64Slice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesFloat64Slice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Float64Slice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := Float64ValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesFloat64ValueSlice = [][]*float64{}
+
+func TestFloat64ValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesFloat64ValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Float64ValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := Float64Slice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesFloat64Map = []map[string]float64{
+	{"a": 3, "b": 2, "c": 1},
+}
+
+func TestFloat64Map(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesFloat64Map {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := Float64Map(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := Float64ValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesTimeSlice = [][]time.Time{
+	{time.Now(), time.Now().AddDate(100, 0, 0)},
+}
+
+func TestTimeSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesTimeSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := TimeSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := TimeValueSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesTimeValueSlice = [][]*time.Time{}
+
+func TestTimeValueSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesTimeValueSlice {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := TimeValueSlice(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, *(in[i]), out[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		out2 := TimeSlice(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out2 {
+			if in[i] == nil {
+				assert.Empty(t, *(out2[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, in[i], out2[i], "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var testCasesTimeMap = []map[string]time.Time{
+	{"a": time.Now().AddDate(-100, 0, 0), "b": time.Now()},
+}
+
+func TestTimeMap(t *testing.T) {
+	for idx, in := range testCasesTimeMap {
+		if in == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out := TimeMap(in)
+		assert.Len(t, out, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		for i := range out {
+			assert.Equal(t, in[i], *(out[i]), "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+		}
+
+		out2 := TimeValueMap(out)
+		assert.Len(t, out2, len(in), "Unexpected len at idx %d", idx)
+		assert.Equal(t, in, out2, "Unexpected value at idx %d", idx)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package corehandlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// Interface for matching types which also have a Len method.
+type lener interface {
+	Len() int
+}
+
+// BuildContentLengthHandler builds the content length of a request based on the body,
+// or will use the HTTPRequest.Header's "Content-Length" if defined. If unable
+// to determine request body length and no "Content-Length" was specified it will panic.
+var BuildContentLengthHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.BuildContentLengthHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	if slength := r.HTTPRequest.Header.Get("Content-Length"); slength != "" {
+		length, _ := strconv.ParseInt(slength, 10, 64)
+		r.HTTPRequest.ContentLength = length
+		return
+	}
+
+	var length int64
+	switch body := r.Body.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		length = 0
+	case lener:
+		length = int64(body.Len())
+	case io.Seeker:
+		r.BodyStart, _ = body.Seek(0, 1)
+		end, _ := body.Seek(0, 2)
+		body.Seek(r.BodyStart, 0) // make sure to seek back to original location
+		length = end - r.BodyStart
+	default:
+		panic("Cannot get length of body, must provide `ContentLength`")
+	}
+
+	r.HTTPRequest.ContentLength = length
+	r.HTTPRequest.Header.Set("Content-Length", fmt.Sprintf("%d", length))
+}}
+
+// SDKVersionUserAgentHandler is a request handler for adding the SDK Version to the user agent.
+var SDKVersionUserAgentHandler = request.NamedHandler{
+	Name: "core.SDKVersionUserAgentHandler",
+	Fn: request.MakeAddToUserAgentHandler(aws.SDKName, aws.SDKVersion,
+		runtime.Version(), runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH),
+}
+
+var reStatusCode = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\d{3})`)
+
+// SendHandler is a request handler to send service request using HTTP client.
+var SendHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.SendHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	var err error
+	r.HTTPResponse, err = r.Config.HTTPClient.Do(r.HTTPRequest)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Capture the case where url.Error is returned for error processing
+		// response. e.g. 301 without location header comes back as string
+		// error and r.HTTPResponse is nil. Other url redirect errors will
+		// comeback in a similar method.
+		if e, ok := err.(*url.Error); ok && e.Err != nil {
+			if s := reStatusCode.FindStringSubmatch(e.Err.Error()); s != nil {
+				code, _ := strconv.ParseInt(s[1], 10, 64)
+				r.HTTPResponse = &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: int(code),
+					Status:     http.StatusText(int(code)),
+					Body:       ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte{})),
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if r.HTTPResponse == nil {
+			// Add a dummy request response object to ensure the HTTPResponse
+			// value is consistent.
+			r.HTTPResponse = &http.Response{
+				StatusCode: int(0),
+				Status:     http.StatusText(int(0)),
+				Body:       ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte{})),
+			}
+		}
+		// Catch all other request errors.
+		r.Error = awserr.New("RequestError", "send request failed", err)
+		r.Retryable = aws.Bool(true) // network errors are retryable
+	}
+}}
+
+// ValidateResponseHandler is a request handler to validate service response.
+var ValidateResponseHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.ValidateResponseHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	if r.HTTPResponse.StatusCode == 0 || r.HTTPResponse.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		// this may be replaced by an UnmarshalError handler
+		r.Error = awserr.New("UnknownError", "unknown error", nil)
+	}
+}}
+
+// AfterRetryHandler performs final checks to determine if the request should
+// be retried and how long to delay.
+var AfterRetryHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.AfterRetryHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	// If one of the other handlers already set the retry state
+	// we don't want to override it based on the service's state
+	if r.Retryable == nil {
+		r.Retryable = aws.Bool(r.ShouldRetry(r))
+	}
+
+	if r.WillRetry() {
+		r.RetryDelay = r.RetryRules(r)
+		r.Config.SleepDelay(r.RetryDelay)
+
+		// when the expired token exception occurs the credentials
+		// need to be expired locally so that the next request to
+		// get credentials will trigger a credentials refresh.
+		if r.IsErrorExpired() {
+			r.Config.Credentials.Expire()
+		}
+
+		r.RetryCount++
+		r.Error = nil
+	}
+}}
+
+// ValidateEndpointHandler is a request handler to validate a request had the
+// appropriate Region and Endpoint set. Will set r.Error if the endpoint or
+// region is not valid.
+var ValidateEndpointHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.ValidateEndpointHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	if r.ClientInfo.SigningRegion == "" && aws.StringValue(r.Config.Region) == "" {
+		r.Error = aws.ErrMissingRegion
+	} else if r.ClientInfo.Endpoint == "" {
+		r.Error = aws.ErrMissingEndpoint
+	}
+}}
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package corehandlers_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/corehandlers"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/awstesting"
+)
+
+func TestValidateEndpointHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	svc := awstesting.NewClient(aws.NewConfig().WithRegion("us-west-2"))
+	svc.Handlers.Clear()
+	svc.Handlers.Validate.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.ValidateEndpointHandler)
+
+	req := svc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{Name: "Operation"}, nil, nil)
+	err := req.Build()
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestValidateEndpointHandlerErrorRegion(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	svc := awstesting.NewClient()
+	svc.Handlers.Clear()
+	svc.Handlers.Validate.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.ValidateEndpointHandler)
+
+	req := svc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{Name: "Operation"}, nil, nil)
+	err := req.Build()
+
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, aws.ErrMissingRegion, err)
+}
+
+type mockCredsProvider struct {
+	expired        bool
+	retrieveCalled bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockCredsProvider) Retrieve() (credentials.Value, error) {
+	m.retrieveCalled = true
+	return credentials.Value{}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockCredsProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	return m.expired
+}
+
+func TestAfterRetryRefreshCreds(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	credProvider := &mockCredsProvider{}
+
+	svc := awstesting.NewClient(&aws.Config{
+		Credentials: credentials.NewCredentials(credProvider),
+		MaxRetries:  aws.Int(1),
+	})
+
+	svc.Handlers.Clear()
+	svc.Handlers.ValidateResponse.PushBack(func(r *request.Request) {
+		r.Error = awserr.New("UnknownError", "", nil)
+		r.HTTPResponse = &http.Response{StatusCode: 400}
+	})
+	svc.Handlers.UnmarshalError.PushBack(func(r *request.Request) {
+		r.Error = awserr.New("ExpiredTokenException", "", nil)
+	})
+	svc.Handlers.AfterRetry.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.AfterRetryHandler)
+
+	assert.True(t, svc.Config.Credentials.IsExpired(), "Expect to start out expired")
+	assert.False(t, credProvider.retrieveCalled)
+
+	req := svc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{Name: "Operation"}, nil, nil)
+	req.Send()
+
+	assert.True(t, svc.Config.Credentials.IsExpired())
+	assert.False(t, credProvider.retrieveCalled)
+
+	_, err := svc.Config.Credentials.Get()
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, credProvider.retrieveCalled)
+}
+
+type testSendHandlerTransport struct{}
+
+func (t *testSendHandlerTransport) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("mock error")
+}
+
+func TestSendHandlerError(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := awstesting.NewClient(&aws.Config{
+		HTTPClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: &testSendHandlerTransport{},
+		},
+	})
+	svc.Handlers.Clear()
+	svc.Handlers.Send.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.SendHandler)
+	r := svc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{Name: "Operation"}, nil, nil)
+
+	r.Send()
+
+	assert.Error(t, r.Error)
+	assert.NotNil(t, r.HTTPResponse)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package corehandlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// ValidateParametersHandler is a request handler to validate the input parameters.
+// Validating parameters only has meaning if done prior to the request being sent.
+var ValidateParametersHandler = request.NamedHandler{Name: "core.ValidateParametersHandler", Fn: func(r *request.Request) {
+	if r.ParamsFilled() {
+		v := validator{errors: []string{}}
+		v.validateAny(reflect.ValueOf(r.Params), "")
+
+		if count := len(v.errors); count > 0 {
+			format := "%d validation errors:\n- %s"
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf(format, count, strings.Join(v.errors, "\n- "))
+			r.Error = awserr.New("InvalidParameter", msg, nil)
+		}
+	}
+}}
+
+// A validator validates values. Collects validations errors which occurs.
+type validator struct {
+	errors []string
+}
+
+// validateAny will validate any struct, slice or map type. All validations
+// are also performed recursively for nested types.
+func (v *validator) validateAny(value reflect.Value, path string) {
+	value = reflect.Indirect(value)
+	if !value.IsValid() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch value.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		v.validateStruct(value, path)
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		for i := 0; i < value.Len(); i++ {
+			v.validateAny(value.Index(i), path+fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", i))
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		for _, n := range value.MapKeys() {
+			v.validateAny(value.MapIndex(n), path+fmt.Sprintf("[%q]", n.String()))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// validateStruct will validate the struct value's fields. If the structure has
+// nested types those types will be validated also.
+func (v *validator) validateStruct(value reflect.Value, path string) {
+	prefix := "."
+	if path == "" {
+		prefix = ""
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < value.Type().NumField(); i++ {
+		f := value.Type().Field(i)
+		if strings.ToLower(f.Name[0:1]) == f.Name[0:1] {
+			continue
+		}
+		fvalue := value.FieldByName(f.Name)
+
+		err := validateField(f, fvalue, validateFieldRequired, validateFieldMin)
+		if err != nil {
+			v.errors = append(v.errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", err.Error(), path+prefix+f.Name))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		v.validateAny(fvalue, path+prefix+f.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+type validatorFunc func(f reflect.StructField, fvalue reflect.Value) error
+
+func validateField(f reflect.StructField, fvalue reflect.Value, funcs ...validatorFunc) error {
+	for _, fn := range funcs {
+		if err := fn(f, fvalue); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Validates that a field has a valid value provided for required fields.
+func validateFieldRequired(f reflect.StructField, fvalue reflect.Value) error {
+	if f.Tag.Get("required") == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch fvalue.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Slice, reflect.Map:
+		if fvalue.IsNil() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing required parameter")
+		}
+	default:
+		if !fvalue.IsValid() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing required parameter")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Validates that if a value is provided for a field, that value must be at
+// least a minimum length.
+func validateFieldMin(f reflect.StructField, fvalue reflect.Value) error {
+	minStr := f.Tag.Get("min")
+	if minStr == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	min, _ := strconv.ParseInt(minStr, 10, 64)
+
+	kind := fvalue.Kind()
+	if kind == reflect.Ptr {
+		if fvalue.IsNil() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		fvalue = fvalue.Elem()
+	}
+
+	switch fvalue.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		if int64(fvalue.Len()) < min {
+			return fmt.Errorf("field too short, minimum length %d", min)
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Map:
+		if fvalue.IsNil() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if int64(fvalue.Len()) < min {
+			return fmt.Errorf("field too short, minimum length %d", min)
+		}
+
+		// TODO min can also apply to number minimum value.
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package corehandlers_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client/metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/corehandlers"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+var testSvc = func() *client.Client {
+	s := &client.Client{
+		Config: aws.Config{},
+		ClientInfo: metadata.ClientInfo{
+			ServiceName: "mock-service",
+			APIVersion:  "2015-01-01",
+		},
+	}
+	return s
+}()
+
+type StructShape struct {
+	RequiredList   []*ConditionalStructShape          `required:"true"`
+	RequiredMap    map[string]*ConditionalStructShape `required:"true"`
+	RequiredBool   *bool                              `required:"true"`
+	OptionalStruct *ConditionalStructShape
+
+	hiddenParameter *string
+
+	metadataStructureShape
+}
+
+type metadataStructureShape struct {
+	SDKShapeTraits bool
+}
+
+type ConditionalStructShape struct {
+	Name           *string `required:"true"`
+	SDKShapeTraits bool
+}
+
+func TestNoErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	input := &StructShape{
+		RequiredList: []*ConditionalStructShape{},
+		RequiredMap: map[string]*ConditionalStructShape{
+			"key1": {Name: aws.String("Name")},
+			"key2": {Name: aws.String("Name")},
+		},
+		RequiredBool:   aws.Bool(true),
+		OptionalStruct: &ConditionalStructShape{Name: aws.String("Name")},
+	}
+
+	req := testSvc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{}, input, nil)
+	corehandlers.ValidateParametersHandler.Fn(req)
+	require.NoError(t, req.Error)
+}
+
+func TestMissingRequiredParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	input := &StructShape{}
+	req := testSvc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{}, input, nil)
+	corehandlers.ValidateParametersHandler.Fn(req)
+
+	require.Error(t, req.Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "InvalidParameter", req.Error.(awserr.Error).Code())
+	assert.Equal(t, "3 validation errors:\n- missing required parameter: RequiredList\n- missing required parameter: RequiredMap\n- missing required parameter: RequiredBool", req.Error.(awserr.Error).Message())
+}
+
+func TestNestedMissingRequiredParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	input := &StructShape{
+		RequiredList: []*ConditionalStructShape{{}},
+		RequiredMap: map[string]*ConditionalStructShape{
+			"key1": {Name: aws.String("Name")},
+			"key2": {},
+		},
+		RequiredBool:   aws.Bool(true),
+		OptionalStruct: &ConditionalStructShape{},
+	}
+
+	req := testSvc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{}, input, nil)
+	corehandlers.ValidateParametersHandler.Fn(req)
+
+	require.Error(t, req.Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "InvalidParameter", req.Error.(awserr.Error).Code())
+	assert.Equal(t, "3 validation errors:\n- missing required parameter: RequiredList[0].Name\n- missing required parameter: RequiredMap[\"key2\"].Name\n- missing required parameter: OptionalStruct.Name", req.Error.(awserr.Error).Message())
+}
+
+type testInput struct {
+	StringField string            `min:"5"`
+	PtrStrField *string           `min:"2"`
+	ListField   []string          `min:"3"`
+	MapField    map[string]string `min:"4"`
+}
+
+var testsFieldMin = []struct {
+	err awserr.Error
+	in  testInput
+}{
+	{
+		err: awserr.New("InvalidParameter", "1 validation errors:\n- field too short, minimum length 5: StringField", nil),
+		in:  testInput{StringField: "abcd"},
+	},
+	{
+		err: awserr.New("InvalidParameter", "2 validation errors:\n- field too short, minimum length 5: StringField\n- field too short, minimum length 3: ListField", nil),
+		in:  testInput{StringField: "abcd", ListField: []string{"a", "b"}},
+	},
+	{
+		err: awserr.New("InvalidParameter", "3 validation errors:\n- field too short, minimum length 5: StringField\n- field too short, minimum length 3: ListField\n- field too short, minimum length 4: MapField", nil),
+		in:  testInput{StringField: "abcd", ListField: []string{"a", "b"}, MapField: map[string]string{"a": "a", "b": "b"}},
+	},
+	{
+		err: awserr.New("InvalidParameter", "1 validation errors:\n- field too short, minimum length 2: PtrStrField", nil),
+		in:  testInput{StringField: "abcde", PtrStrField: aws.String("v")},
+	},
+	{
+		err: nil,
+		in: testInput{StringField: "abcde", PtrStrField: aws.String("value"),
+			ListField: []string{"a", "b", "c"}, MapField: map[string]string{"a": "a", "b": "b", "c": "c", "d": "d"}},
+	},
+}
+
+func TestValidateFieldMinParameter(t *testing.T) {
+	for i, c := range testsFieldMin {
+		req := testSvc.NewRequest(&request.Operation{}, &c.in, nil)
+		corehandlers.ValidateParametersHandler.Fn(req)
+
+		require.Equal(t, c.err, req.Error, "%d case failed", i)
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain Is returned when there are no valid
+	// providers in the ChainProvider.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain = awserr.New("NoCredentialProviders", "no valid providers in chain", nil)
+)
+
+// A ChainProvider will search for a provider which returns credentials
+// and cache that provider until Retrieve is called again.
+//
+// The ChainProvider provides a way of chaining multiple providers together
+// which will pick the first available using priority order of the Providers
+// in the list.
+//
+// If none of the Providers retrieve valid credentials Value, ChainProvider's
+// Retrieve() will return the error ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain.
+//
+// If a Provider is found which returns valid credentials Value ChainProvider
+// will cache that Provider for all calls to IsExpired(), until Retrieve is
+// called again.
+//
+// Example of ChainProvider to be used with an EnvProvider and EC2RoleProvider.
+// In this example EnvProvider will first check if any credentials are available
+// vai the environment variables. If there are none ChainProvider will check
+// the next Provider in the list, EC2RoleProvider in this case. If EC2RoleProvider
+// does not return any credentials ChainProvider will return the error
+// ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain
+//
+//     creds := NewChainCredentials(
+//         []Provider{
+//             &EnvProvider{},
+//             &EC2RoleProvider{},
+//         })
+//
+//     // Usage of ChainCredentials with aws.Config
+//     svc := ec2.New(&aws.Config{Credentials: creds})
+//
+type ChainProvider struct {
+	Providers []Provider
+	curr      Provider
+}
+
+// NewChainCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object
+// wrapping a chain of providers.
+func NewChainCredentials(providers []Provider) *Credentials {
+	return NewCredentials(&ChainProvider{
+		Providers: append([]Provider{}, providers...),
+	})
+}
+
+// Retrieve returns the credentials value or error if no provider returned
+// without error.
+//
+// If a provider is found it will be cached and any calls to IsExpired()
+// will return the expired state of the cached provider.
+func (c *ChainProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {
+	for _, p := range c.Providers {
+		if creds, err := p.Retrieve(); err == nil {
+			c.curr = p
+			return creds, nil
+		}
+	}
+	c.curr = nil
+
+	// TODO better error reporting. maybe report error for each failed retrieve?
+
+	return Value{}, ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain
+}
+
+// IsExpired will returned the expired state of the currently cached provider
+// if there is one.  If there is no current provider, true will be returned.
+func (c *ChainProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	if c.curr != nil {
+		return c.curr.IsExpired()
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestChainProviderGet(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &ChainProvider{
+		Providers: []Provider{
+			&stubProvider{err: awserr.New("FirstError", "first provider error", nil)},
+			&stubProvider{err: awserr.New("SecondError", "second provider error", nil)},
+			&stubProvider{
+				creds: Value{
+					AccessKeyID:     "AKID",
+					SecretAccessKey: "SECRET",
+					SessionToken:    "",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+	assert.Equal(t, "AKID", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "SECRET", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to be empty")
+}
+
+func TestChainProviderIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	stubProvider := &stubProvider{expired: true}
+	p := &ChainProvider{
+		Providers: []Provider{
+			stubProvider,
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect expired to be true before any Retrieve")
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+	assert.False(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect not expired after retrieve")
+
+	stubProvider.expired = true
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect return of expired provider")
+
+	_, err = p.Retrieve()
+	assert.False(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect not expired after retrieve")
+}
+
+func TestChainProviderWithNoProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &ChainProvider{
+		Providers: []Provider{},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect expired with no providers")
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain, err, "Expect no providers error returned")
+}
+
+func TestChainProviderWithNoValidProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &ChainProvider{
+		Providers: []Provider{
+			&stubProvider{err: awserr.New("FirstError", "first provider error", nil)},
+			&stubProvider{err: awserr.New("SecondError", "second provider error", nil)},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect expired with no providers")
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrNoValidProvidersFoundInChain, err, "Expect no providers error returned")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+// Package credentials provides credential retrieval and management
+//
+// The Credentials is the primary method of getting access to and managing
+// credentials Values. Using dependency injection retrieval of the credential
+// values is handled by a object which satisfies the Provider interface.
+//
+// By default the Credentials.Get() will cache the successful result of a
+// Provider's Retrieve() until Provider.IsExpired() returns true. At which
+// point Credentials will call Provider's Retrieve() to get new credential Value.
+//
+// The Provider is responsible for determining when credentials Value have expired.
+// It is also important to note that Credentials will always call Retrieve the
+// first time Credentials.Get() is called.
+//
+// Example of using the environment variable credentials.
+//
+//     creds := NewEnvCredentials()
+//
+//     // Retrieve the credentials value
+//     credValue, err := creds.Get()
+//     if err != nil {
+//         // handle error
+//     }
+//
+// Example of forcing credentials to expire and be refreshed on the next Get().
+// This may be helpful to proactively expire credentials and refresh them sooner
+// than they would naturally expire on their own.
+//
+//     creds := NewCredentials(&EC2RoleProvider{})
+//     creds.Expire()
+//     credsValue, err := creds.Get()
+//     // New credentials will be retrieved instead of from cache.
+//
+//
+// Custom Provider
+//
+// Each Provider built into this package also provides a helper method to generate
+// a Credentials pointer setup with the provider. To use a custom Provider just
+// create a type which satisfies the Provider interface and pass it to the
+// NewCredentials method.
+//
+//     type MyProvider struct{}
+//     func (m *MyProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {...}
+//     func (m *MyProvider) IsExpired() bool {...}
+//
+//     creds := NewCredentials(&MyProvider{})
+//     credValue, err := creds.Get()
+//
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// AnonymousCredentials is an empty Credential object that can be used as
+// dummy placeholder credentials for requests that do not need signed.
+//
+// This Credentials can be used to configure a service to not sign requests
+// when making service API calls. For example, when accessing public
+// s3 buckets.
+//
+//     svc := s3.New(&aws.Config{Credentials: AnonymousCredentials})
+//     // Access public S3 buckets.
+//
+// @readonly
+var AnonymousCredentials = NewStaticCredentials("", "", "")
+
+// A Value is the AWS credentials value for individual credential fields.
+type Value struct {
+	// AWS Access key ID
+	AccessKeyID string
+
+	// AWS Secret Access Key
+	SecretAccessKey string
+
+	// AWS Session Token
+	SessionToken string
+}
+
+// A Provider is the interface for any component which will provide credentials
+// Value. A provider is required to manage its own Expired state, and what to
+// be expired means.
+//
+// The Provider should not need to implement its own mutexes, because
+// that will be managed by Credentials.
+type Provider interface {
+	// Refresh returns nil if it successfully retrieved the value.
+	// Error is returned if the value were not obtainable, or empty.
+	Retrieve() (Value, error)
+
+	// IsExpired returns if the credentials are no longer valid, and need
+	// to be retrieved.
+	IsExpired() bool
+}
+
+// A Expiry provides shared expiration logic to be used by credentials
+// providers to implement expiry functionality.
+//
+// The best method to use this struct is as an anonymous field within the
+// provider's struct.
+//
+// Example:
+//     type EC2RoleProvider struct {
+//         Expiry
+//         ...
+//     }
+type Expiry struct {
+	// The date/time when to expire on
+	expiration time.Time
+
+	// If set will be used by IsExpired to determine the current time.
+	// Defaults to time.Now if CurrentTime is not set.  Available for testing
+	// to be able to mock out the current time.
+	CurrentTime func() time.Time
+}
+
+// SetExpiration sets the expiration IsExpired will check when called.
+//
+// If window is greater than 0 the expiration time will be reduced by the
+// window value.
+//
+// Using a window is helpful to trigger credentials to expire sooner than
+// the expiration time given to ensure no requests are made with expired
+// tokens.
+func (e *Expiry) SetExpiration(expiration time.Time, window time.Duration) {
+	e.expiration = expiration
+	if window > 0 {
+		e.expiration = e.expiration.Add(-window)
+	}
+}
+
+// IsExpired returns if the credentials are expired.
+func (e *Expiry) IsExpired() bool {
+	if e.CurrentTime == nil {
+		e.CurrentTime = time.Now
+	}
+	return e.expiration.Before(e.CurrentTime())
+}
+
+// A Credentials provides synchronous safe retrieval of AWS credentials Value.
+// Credentials will cache the credentials value until they expire. Once the value
+// expires the next Get will attempt to retrieve valid credentials.
+//
+// Credentials is safe to use across multiple goroutines and will manage the
+// synchronous state so the Providers do not need to implement their own
+// synchronization.
+//
+// The first Credentials.Get() will always call Provider.Retrieve() to get the
+// first instance of the credentials Value. All calls to Get() after that
+// will return the cached credentials Value until IsExpired() returns true.
+type Credentials struct {
+	creds        Value
+	forceRefresh bool
+	m            sync.Mutex
+
+	provider Provider
+}
+
+// NewCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials with the provider set.
+func NewCredentials(provider Provider) *Credentials {
+	return &Credentials{
+		provider:     provider,
+		forceRefresh: true,
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns the credentials value, or error if the credentials Value failed
+// to be retrieved.
+//
+// Will return the cached credentials Value if it has not expired. If the
+// credentials Value has expired the Provider's Retrieve() will be called
+// to refresh the credentials.
+//
+// If Credentials.Expire() was called the credentials Value will be force
+// expired, and the next call to Get() will cause them to be refreshed.
+func (c *Credentials) Get() (Value, error) {
+	c.m.Lock()
+	defer c.m.Unlock()
+
+	if c.isExpired() {
+		creds, err := c.provider.Retrieve()
+		if err != nil {
+			return Value{}, err
+		}
+		c.creds = creds
+		c.forceRefresh = false
+	}
+
+	return c.creds, nil
+}
+
+// Expire expires the credentials and forces them to be retrieved on the
+// next call to Get().
+//
+// This will override the Provider's expired state, and force Credentials
+// to call the Provider's Retrieve().
+func (c *Credentials) Expire() {
+	c.m.Lock()
+	defer c.m.Unlock()
+
+	c.forceRefresh = true
+}
+
+// IsExpired returns if the credentials are no longer valid, and need
+// to be retrieved.
+//
+// If the Credentials were forced to be expired with Expire() this will
+// reflect that override.
+func (c *Credentials) IsExpired() bool {
+	c.m.Lock()
+	defer c.m.Unlock()
+
+	return c.isExpired()
+}
+
+// isExpired helper method wrapping the definition of expired credentials.
+func (c *Credentials) isExpired() bool {
+	return c.forceRefresh || c.provider.IsExpired()
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type stubProvider struct {
+	creds   Value
+	expired bool
+	err     error
+}
+
+func (s *stubProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {
+	s.expired = false
+	return s.creds, s.err
+}
+func (s *stubProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	return s.expired
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsGet(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewCredentials(&stubProvider{
+		creds: Value{
+			AccessKeyID:     "AKID",
+			SecretAccessKey: "SECRET",
+			SessionToken:    "",
+		},
+		expired: true,
+	})
+
+	creds, err := c.Get()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expected no error")
+	assert.Equal(t, "AKID", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "SECRET", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to be empty")
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsGetWithError(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewCredentials(&stubProvider{err: awserr.New("provider error", "", nil), expired: true})
+
+	_, err := c.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, "provider error", err.(awserr.Error).Code(), "Expected provider error")
+}
+
+func TestCredentialsExpire(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &stubProvider{}
+	c := NewCredentials(stub)
+
+	stub.expired = false
+	assert.True(t, c.IsExpired(), "Expected to start out expired")
+	c.Expire()
+	assert.True(t, c.IsExpired(), "Expected to be expired")
+
+	c.forceRefresh = false
+	assert.False(t, c.IsExpired(), "Expected not to be expired")
+
+	stub.expired = true
+	assert.True(t, c.IsExpired(), "Expected to be expired")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+package ec2rolecreds
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/ec2metadata"
+)
+
+// A EC2RoleProvider retrieves credentials from the EC2 service, and keeps track if
+// those credentials are expired.
+//
+// Example how to configure the EC2RoleProvider with custom http Client, Endpoint
+// or ExpiryWindow
+//
+//     p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+//         // Pass in a custom timeout to be used when requesting
+//         // IAM EC2 Role credentials.
+//         Client: &http.Client{
+//             Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
+//         },
+//         // Do not use early expiry of credentials. If a non zero value is
+//         // specified the credentials will be expired early
+//         ExpiryWindow: 0,
+//     }
+type EC2RoleProvider struct {
+	credentials.Expiry
+
+	// Required EC2Metadata client to use when connecting to EC2 metadata service.
+	Client *ec2metadata.EC2Metadata
+
+	// ExpiryWindow will allow the credentials to trigger refreshing prior to
+	// the credentials actually expiring. This is beneficial so race conditions
+	// with expiring credentials do not cause request to fail unexpectedly
+	// due to ExpiredTokenException exceptions.
+	//
+	// So a ExpiryWindow of 10s would cause calls to IsExpired() to return true
+	// 10 seconds before the credentials are actually expired.
+	//
+	// If ExpiryWindow is 0 or less it will be ignored.
+	ExpiryWindow time.Duration
+}
+
+// NewCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object wrapping
+// the EC2RoleProvider. Takes a ConfigProvider to create a EC2Metadata client.
+// The ConfigProvider is satisfied by the session.Session type.
+func NewCredentials(c client.ConfigProvider, options ...func(*EC2RoleProvider)) *credentials.Credentials {
+	p := &EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: ec2metadata.New(c),
+	}
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(p)
+	}
+
+	return credentials.NewCredentials(p)
+}
+
+// NewCredentialsWithClient returns a pointer to a new Credentials object wrapping
+// the EC2RoleProvider. Takes a EC2Metadata client to use when connecting to EC2
+// metadata service.
+func NewCredentialsWithClient(client *ec2metadata.EC2Metadata, options ...func(*EC2RoleProvider)) *credentials.Credentials {
+	p := &EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: client,
+	}
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(p)
+	}
+
+	return credentials.NewCredentials(p)
+}
+
+// Retrieve retrieves credentials from the EC2 service.
+// Error will be returned if the request fails, or unable to extract
+// the desired credentials.
+func (m *EC2RoleProvider) Retrieve() (credentials.Value, error) {
+	credsList, err := requestCredList(m.Client)
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentials.Value{}, err
+	}
+
+	if len(credsList) == 0 {
+		return credentials.Value{}, awserr.New("EmptyEC2RoleList", "empty EC2 Role list", nil)
+	}
+	credsName := credsList[0]
+
+	roleCreds, err := requestCred(m.Client, credsName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentials.Value{}, err
+	}
+
+	m.SetExpiration(roleCreds.Expiration, m.ExpiryWindow)
+
+	return credentials.Value{
+		AccessKeyID:     roleCreds.AccessKeyID,
+		SecretAccessKey: roleCreds.SecretAccessKey,
+		SessionToken:    roleCreds.Token,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// A ec2RoleCredRespBody provides the shape for unmarshalling credential
+// request responses.
+type ec2RoleCredRespBody struct {
+	// Success State
+	Expiration      time.Time
+	AccessKeyID     string
+	SecretAccessKey string
+	Token           string
+
+	// Error state
+	Code    string
+	Message string
+}
+
+const iamSecurityCredsPath = "/iam/security-credentials"
+
+// requestCredList requests a list of credentials from the EC2 service.
+// If there are no credentials, or there is an error making or receiving the request
+func requestCredList(client *ec2metadata.EC2Metadata) ([]string, error) {
+	resp, err := client.GetMetadata(iamSecurityCredsPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, awserr.New("EC2RoleRequestError", "failed to list EC2 Roles", err)
+	}
+
+	credsList := []string{}
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(strings.NewReader(resp))
+	for s.Scan() {
+		credsList = append(credsList, s.Text())
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, awserr.New("SerializationError", "failed to read list of EC2 Roles", err)
+	}
+
+	return credsList, nil
+}
+
+// requestCred requests the credentials for a specific credentials from the EC2 service.
+//
+// If the credentials cannot be found, or there is an error reading the response
+// and error will be returned.
+func requestCred(client *ec2metadata.EC2Metadata, credsName string) (ec2RoleCredRespBody, error) {
+	resp, err := client.GetMetadata(path.Join(iamSecurityCredsPath, credsName))
+	if err != nil {
+		return ec2RoleCredRespBody{},
+			awserr.New("EC2RoleRequestError",
+				fmt.Sprintf("failed to get %s EC2 Role credentials", credsName),
+				err)
+	}
+
+	respCreds := ec2RoleCredRespBody{}
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(resp)).Decode(&respCreds); err != nil {
+		return ec2RoleCredRespBody{},
+			awserr.New("SerializationError",
+				fmt.Sprintf("failed to decode %s EC2 Role credentials", credsName),
+				err)
+	}
+
+	if respCreds.Code != "Success" {
+		// If an error code was returned something failed requesting the role.
+		return ec2RoleCredRespBody{}, awserr.New(respCreds.Code, respCreds.Message, nil)
+	}
+
+	return respCreds, nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package ec2rolecreds_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials/ec2rolecreds"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/ec2metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
+)
+
+const credsRespTmpl = `{
+  "Code": "Success",
+  "Type": "AWS-HMAC",
+  "AccessKeyId" : "accessKey",
+  "SecretAccessKey" : "secret",
+  "Token" : "token",
+  "Expiration" : "%s",
+  "LastUpdated" : "2009-11-23T0:00:00Z"
+}`
+
+const credsFailRespTmpl = `{
+  "Code": "ErrorCode",
+  "Message": "ErrorMsg",
+  "LastUpdated": "2009-11-23T0:00:00Z"
+}`
+
+func initTestServer(expireOn string, failAssume bool) *httptest.Server {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path == "/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials" {
+			fmt.Fprintln(w, "RoleName")
+		} else if r.URL.Path == "/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/RoleName" {
+			if failAssume {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, credsFailRespTmpl)
+			} else {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, credsRespTmpl, expireOn)
+			}
+		} else {
+			http.Error(w, "bad request", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	return server
+}
+
+func TestEC2RoleProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer("2014-12-16T01:51:37Z", false)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")}),
+	}
+
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error, %v", err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func TestEC2RoleProviderFailAssume(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer("2014-12-16T01:51:37Z", true)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")}),
+	}
+
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Error(t, err, "Expect error")
+
+	e := err.(awserr.Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ErrorCode", e.Code())
+	assert.Equal(t, "ErrorMsg", e.Message())
+	assert.Nil(t, e.OrigErr())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func TestEC2RoleProviderIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer("2014-12-16T01:51:37Z", false)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")}),
+	}
+	p.CurrentTime = func() time.Time {
+		return time.Date(2014, 12, 15, 21, 26, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired before retrieve.")
+
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error, %v", err)
+
+	assert.False(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to not be expired after retrieve.")
+
+	p.CurrentTime = func() time.Time {
+		return time.Date(3014, 12, 15, 21, 26, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired.")
+}
+
+func TestEC2RoleProviderExpiryWindowIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer("2014-12-16T01:51:37Z", false)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client:       ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")}),
+		ExpiryWindow: time.Hour * 1,
+	}
+	p.CurrentTime = func() time.Time {
+		return time.Date(2014, 12, 15, 0, 51, 37, 0, time.UTC)
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired before retrieve.")
+
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error, %v", err)
+
+	assert.False(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to not be expired after retrieve.")
+
+	p.CurrentTime = func() time.Time {
+		return time.Date(2014, 12, 16, 0, 55, 37, 0, time.UTC)
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired.")
+}
+
+func BenchmarkEC3RoleProvider(b *testing.B) {
+	server := initTestServer("2014-12-16T01:51:37Z", false)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	p := &ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+		Client: ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")}),
+	}
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if _, err := p.Retrieve(); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrAccessKeyIDNotFound is returned when the AWS Access Key ID can't be
+	// found in the process's environment.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrAccessKeyIDNotFound = awserr.New("EnvAccessKeyNotFound", "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or AWS_ACCESS_KEY not found in environment", nil)
+
+	// ErrSecretAccessKeyNotFound is returned when the AWS Secret Access Key
+	// can't be found in the process's environment.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrSecretAccessKeyNotFound = awserr.New("EnvSecretNotFound", "AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY or AWS_SECRET_KEY not found in environment", nil)
+)
+
+// A EnvProvider retrieves credentials from the environment variables of the
+// running process. Environment credentials never expire.
+//
+// Environment variables used:
+//
+// * Access Key ID:     AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID or AWS_ACCESS_KEY
+// * Secret Access Key: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY or AWS_SECRET_KEY
+type EnvProvider struct {
+	retrieved bool
+}
+
+// NewEnvCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object
+// wrapping the environment variable provider.
+func NewEnvCredentials() *Credentials {
+	return NewCredentials(&EnvProvider{})
+}
+
+// Retrieve retrieves the keys from the environment.
+func (e *EnvProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {
+	e.retrieved = false
+
+	id := os.Getenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID")
+	if id == "" {
+		id = os.Getenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY")
+	}
+
+	secret := os.Getenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY")
+	if secret == "" {
+		secret = os.Getenv("AWS_SECRET_KEY")
+	}
+
+	if id == "" {
+		return Value{}, ErrAccessKeyIDNotFound
+	}
+
+	if secret == "" {
+		return Value{}, ErrSecretAccessKeyNotFound
+	}
+
+	e.retrieved = true
+	return Value{
+		AccessKeyID:     id,
+		SecretAccessKey: secret,
+		SessionToken:    os.Getenv("AWS_SESSION_TOKEN"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// IsExpired returns if the credentials have been retrieved.
+func (e *EnvProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	return !e.retrieved
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEnvProviderRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "access")
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "secret")
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SESSION_TOKEN", "token")
+
+	e := EnvProvider{}
+	creds, err := e.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "access", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func TestEnvProviderIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "access")
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "secret")
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SESSION_TOKEN", "token")
+
+	e := EnvProvider{}
+
+	assert.True(t, e.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired before retrieve.")
+
+	_, err := e.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.False(t, e.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to not be expired after retrieve.")
+}
+
+func TestEnvProviderNoAccessKeyID(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "secret")
+
+	e := EnvProvider{}
+	creds, err := e.Retrieve()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrAccessKeyIDNotFound, err, "ErrAccessKeyIDNotFound expected, but was %#v error: %#v", creds, err)
+}
+
+func TestEnvProviderNoSecretAccessKey(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "access")
+
+	e := EnvProvider{}
+	creds, err := e.Retrieve()
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrSecretAccessKeyNotFound, err, "ErrSecretAccessKeyNotFound expected, but was %#v error: %#v", creds, err)
+}
+
+func TestEnvProviderAlternateNames(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY", "access")
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_KEY", "secret")
+
+	e := EnvProvider{}
+	creds, err := e.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "access", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expected access key ID")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expected secret access key")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expected no token")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[default]
+aws_access_key_id = accessKey
+aws_secret_access_key = secret
+aws_session_token = token
+
+[no_token]
+aws_access_key_id = accessKey
+aws_secret_access_key = secret
+
+[with_colon]
+aws_access_key_id: accessKey
+aws_secret_access_key: secret
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/go-ini/ini"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrSharedCredentialsHomeNotFound is emitted when the user directory cannot be found.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrSharedCredentialsHomeNotFound = awserr.New("UserHomeNotFound", "user home directory not found.", nil)
+)
+
+// A SharedCredentialsProvider retrieves credentials from the current user's home
+// directory, and keeps track if those credentials are expired.
+//
+// Profile ini file example: $HOME/.aws/credentials
+type SharedCredentialsProvider struct {
+	// Path to the shared credentials file.
+	//
+	// If empty will look for "AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE" env variable. If the
+	// env value is empty will default to current user's home directory.
+	// Linux/OSX: "$HOME/.aws/credentials"
+	// Windows:   "%USERPROFILE%\.aws\credentials"
+	Filename string
+
+	// AWS Profile to extract credentials from the shared credentials file. If empty
+	// will default to environment variable "AWS_PROFILE" or "default" if
+	// environment variable is also not set.
+	Profile string
+
+	// retrieved states if the credentials have been successfully retrieved.
+	retrieved bool
+}
+
+// NewSharedCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object
+// wrapping the Profile file provider.
+func NewSharedCredentials(filename, profile string) *Credentials {
+	return NewCredentials(&SharedCredentialsProvider{
+		Filename: filename,
+		Profile:  profile,
+	})
+}
+
+// Retrieve reads and extracts the shared credentials from the current
+// users home directory.
+func (p *SharedCredentialsProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {
+	p.retrieved = false
+
+	filename, err := p.filename()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, err
+	}
+
+	creds, err := loadProfile(filename, p.profile())
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, err
+	}
+
+	p.retrieved = true
+	return creds, nil
+}
+
+// IsExpired returns if the shared credentials have expired.
+func (p *SharedCredentialsProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	return !p.retrieved
+}
+
+// loadProfiles loads from the file pointed to by shared credentials filename for profile.
+// The credentials retrieved from the profile will be returned or error. Error will be
+// returned if it fails to read from the file, or the data is invalid.
+func loadProfile(filename, profile string) (Value, error) {
+	config, err := ini.Load(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, awserr.New("SharedCredsLoad", "failed to load shared credentials file", err)
+	}
+	iniProfile, err := config.GetSection(profile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, awserr.New("SharedCredsLoad", "failed to get profile", err)
+	}
+
+	id, err := iniProfile.GetKey("aws_access_key_id")
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, awserr.New("SharedCredsAccessKey",
+			fmt.Sprintf("shared credentials %s in %s did not contain aws_access_key_id", profile, filename),
+			err)
+	}
+
+	secret, err := iniProfile.GetKey("aws_secret_access_key")
+	if err != nil {
+		return Value{}, awserr.New("SharedCredsSecret",
+			fmt.Sprintf("shared credentials %s in %s did not contain aws_secret_access_key", profile, filename),
+			nil)
+	}
+
+	// Default to empty string if not found
+	token := iniProfile.Key("aws_session_token")
+
+	return Value{
+		AccessKeyID:     id.String(),
+		SecretAccessKey: secret.String(),
+		SessionToken:    token.String(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// filename returns the filename to use to read AWS shared credentials.
+//
+// Will return an error if the user's home directory path cannot be found.
+func (p *SharedCredentialsProvider) filename() (string, error) {
+	if p.Filename == "" {
+		if p.Filename = os.Getenv("AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE"); p.Filename != "" {
+			return p.Filename, nil
+		}
+
+		homeDir := os.Getenv("HOME") // *nix
+		if homeDir == "" {           // Windows
+			homeDir = os.Getenv("USERPROFILE")
+		}
+		if homeDir == "" {
+			return "", ErrSharedCredentialsHomeNotFound
+		}
+
+		p.Filename = filepath.Join(homeDir, ".aws", "credentials")
+	}
+
+	return p.Filename, nil
+}
+
+// profile returns the AWS shared credentials profile.  If empty will read
+// environment variable "AWS_PROFILE". If that is not set profile will
+// return "default".
+func (p *SharedCredentialsProvider) profile() string {
+	if p.Profile == "" {
+		p.Profile = os.Getenv("AWS_PROFILE")
+	}
+	if p.Profile == "" {
+		p.Profile = "default"
+	}
+
+	return p.Profile
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: ""}
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProviderIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: ""}
+
+	assert.True(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to be expired before retrieve")
+
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.False(t, p.IsExpired(), "Expect creds to not be expired after retrieve")
+}
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProviderWithAWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE", "example.ini")
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{}
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProviderWithAWS_PROFILE(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+	os.Setenv("AWS_PROFILE", "no_token")
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: ""}
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect no token")
+}
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProviderWithoutTokenFromProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: "no_token"}
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect no token")
+}
+
+func TestSharedCredentialsProviderColonInCredFile(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: "with_colon"}
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "accessKey", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect no token")
+}
+
+func BenchmarkSharedCredentialsProvider(b *testing.B) {
+	os.Clearenv()
+
+	p := SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "example.ini", Profile: ""}
+	_, err := p.Retrieve()
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		_, err := p.Retrieve()
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrStaticCredentialsEmpty is emitted when static credentials are empty.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrStaticCredentialsEmpty = awserr.New("EmptyStaticCreds", "static credentials are empty", nil)
+)
+
+// A StaticProvider is a set of credentials which are set pragmatically,
+// and will never expire.
+type StaticProvider struct {
+	Value
+}
+
+// NewStaticCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object
+// wrapping a static credentials value provider.
+func NewStaticCredentials(id, secret, token string) *Credentials {
+	return NewCredentials(&StaticProvider{Value: Value{
+		AccessKeyID:     id,
+		SecretAccessKey: secret,
+		SessionToken:    token,
+	}})
+}
+
+// Retrieve returns the credentials or error if the credentials are invalid.
+func (s *StaticProvider) Retrieve() (Value, error) {
+	if s.AccessKeyID == "" || s.SecretAccessKey == "" {
+		return Value{}, ErrStaticCredentialsEmpty
+	}
+
+	return s.Value, nil
+}
+
+// IsExpired returns if the credentials are expired.
+//
+// For StaticProvider, the credentials never expired.
+func (s *StaticProvider) IsExpired() bool {
+	return false
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package credentials
+
+import (
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestStaticProviderGet(t *testing.T) {
+	s := StaticProvider{
+		Value: Value{
+			AccessKeyID:     "AKID",
+			SecretAccessKey: "SECRET",
+			SessionToken:    "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	creds, err := s.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+	assert.Equal(t, "AKID", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "SECRET", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Empty(t, creds.SessionToken, "Expect no session token")
+}
+
+func TestStaticProviderIsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	s := StaticProvider{
+		Value: Value{
+			AccessKeyID:     "AKID",
+			SecretAccessKey: "SECRET",
+			SessionToken:    "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, s.IsExpired(), "Expect static credentials to never expire")
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Package stscreds are credential Providers to retrieve STS AWS credentials.
+//
+// STS provides multiple ways to retrieve credentials which can be used when making
+// future AWS service API operation calls.
+package stscreds
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sts"
+)
+
+// AssumeRoler represents the minimal subset of the STS client API used by this provider.
+type AssumeRoler interface {
+	AssumeRole(input *sts.AssumeRoleInput) (*sts.AssumeRoleOutput, error)
+}
+
+// DefaultDuration is the default amount of time in minutes that the credentials
+// will be valid for.
+var DefaultDuration = time.Duration(15) * time.Minute
+
+// AssumeRoleProvider retrieves temporary credentials from the STS service, and
+// keeps track of their expiration time. This provider must be used explicitly,
+// as it is not included in the credentials chain.
+type AssumeRoleProvider struct {
+	credentials.Expiry
+
+	// STS client to make assume role request with.
+	Client AssumeRoler
+
+	// Role to be assumed.
+	RoleARN string
+
+	// Session name, if you wish to reuse the credentials elsewhere.
+	RoleSessionName string
+
+	// Expiry duration of the STS credentials. Defaults to 15 minutes if not set.
+	Duration time.Duration
+
+	// Optional ExternalID to pass along, defaults to nil if not set.
+	ExternalID *string
+
+	// ExpiryWindow will allow the credentials to trigger refreshing prior to
+	// the credentials actually expiring. This is beneficial so race conditions
+	// with expiring credentials do not cause request to fail unexpectedly
+	// due to ExpiredTokenException exceptions.
+	//
+	// So a ExpiryWindow of 10s would cause calls to IsExpired() to return true
+	// 10 seconds before the credentials are actually expired.
+	//
+	// If ExpiryWindow is 0 or less it will be ignored.
+	ExpiryWindow time.Duration
+}
+
+// NewCredentials returns a pointer to a new Credentials object wrapping the
+// AssumeRoleProvider. The credentials will expire every 15 minutes and the
+// role will be named after a nanosecond timestamp of this operation.
+//
+// Takes a Config provider to create the STS client. The ConfigProvider is
+// satisfied by the session.Session type.
+func NewCredentials(c client.ConfigProvider, roleARN string, options ...func(*AssumeRoleProvider)) *credentials.Credentials {
+	p := &AssumeRoleProvider{
+		Client:   sts.New(c),
+		RoleARN:  roleARN,
+		Duration: DefaultDuration,
+	}
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(p)
+	}
+
+	return credentials.NewCredentials(p)
+}
+
+// NewCredentialsWithClient returns a pointer to a new Credentials object wrapping the
+// AssumeRoleProvider. The credentials will expire every 15 minutes and the
+// role will be named after a nanosecond timestamp of this operation.
+//
+// Takes an AssumeRoler which can be satisfiede by the STS client.
+func NewCredentialsWithClient(svc AssumeRoler, roleARN string, options ...func(*AssumeRoleProvider)) *credentials.Credentials {
+	p := &AssumeRoleProvider{
+		Client:   svc,
+		RoleARN:  roleARN,
+		Duration: DefaultDuration,
+	}
+
+	for _, option := range options {
+		option(p)
+	}
+
+	return credentials.NewCredentials(p)
+}
+
+// Retrieve generates a new set of temporary credentials using STS.
+func (p *AssumeRoleProvider) Retrieve() (credentials.Value, error) {
+
+	// Apply defaults where parameters are not set.
+	if p.RoleSessionName == "" {
+		// Try to work out a role name that will hopefully end up unique.
+		p.RoleSessionName = fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UTC().UnixNano())
+	}
+	if p.Duration == 0 {
+		// Expire as often as AWS permits.
+		p.Duration = DefaultDuration
+	}
+
+	roleOutput, err := p.Client.AssumeRole(&sts.AssumeRoleInput{
+		DurationSeconds: aws.Int64(int64(p.Duration / time.Second)),
+		RoleArn:         aws.String(p.RoleARN),
+		RoleSessionName: aws.String(p.RoleSessionName),
+		ExternalId:      p.ExternalID,
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return credentials.Value{}, err
+	}
+
+	// We will proactively generate new credentials before they expire.
+	p.SetExpiration(*roleOutput.Credentials.Expiration, p.ExpiryWindow)
+
+	return credentials.Value{
+		AccessKeyID:     *roleOutput.Credentials.AccessKeyId,
+		SecretAccessKey: *roleOutput.Credentials.SecretAccessKey,
+		SessionToken:    *roleOutput.Credentials.SessionToken,
+	}, nil
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package stscreds
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/sts"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type stubSTS struct {
+}
+
+func (s *stubSTS) AssumeRole(input *sts.AssumeRoleInput) (*sts.AssumeRoleOutput, error) {
+	expiry := time.Now().Add(60 * time.Minute)
+	return &sts.AssumeRoleOutput{
+		Credentials: &sts.Credentials{
+			// Just reflect the role arn to the provider.
+			AccessKeyId:     input.RoleArn,
+			SecretAccessKey: aws.String("assumedSecretAccessKey"),
+			SessionToken:    aws.String("assumedSessionToken"),
+			Expiration:      &expiry,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestAssumeRoleProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &stubSTS{}
+	p := &AssumeRoleProvider{
+		Client:  stub,
+		RoleARN: "roleARN",
+	}
+
+	creds, err := p.Retrieve()
+	assert.Nil(t, err, "Expect no error")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "roleARN", creds.AccessKeyID, "Expect access key ID to be reflected role ARN")
+	assert.Equal(t, "assumedSecretAccessKey", creds.SecretAccessKey, "Expect secret access key to match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "assumedSessionToken", creds.SessionToken, "Expect session token to match")
+}
+
+func BenchmarkAssumeRoleProvider(b *testing.B) {
+	stub := &stubSTS{}
+	p := &AssumeRoleProvider{
+		Client:  stub,
+		RoleARN: "roleARN",
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if _, err := p.Retrieve(); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Package defaults is a collection of helpers to retrieve the SDK's default
+// configuration and handlers.
+package defaults
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/corehandlers"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/credentials/ec2rolecreds"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/ec2metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/private/endpoints"
+)
+
+// A Defaults provides a collection of default values for SDK clients.
+type Defaults struct {
+	Config   *aws.Config
+	Handlers request.Handlers
+}
+
+// Get returns the SDK's default values with Config and handlers pre-configured.
+func Get() Defaults {
+	cfg := Config()
+	handlers := Handlers()
+	cfg.Credentials = CredChain(cfg, handlers)
+
+	return Defaults{
+		Config:   cfg,
+		Handlers: handlers,
+	}
+}
+
+// Config returns the default configuration.
+func Config() *aws.Config {
+	return aws.NewConfig().
+		WithCredentials(credentials.AnonymousCredentials).
+		WithRegion(os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")).
+		WithHTTPClient(http.DefaultClient).
+		WithMaxRetries(aws.UseServiceDefaultRetries).
+		WithLogger(aws.NewDefaultLogger()).
+		WithLogLevel(aws.LogOff).
+		WithSleepDelay(time.Sleep)
+}
+
+// Handlers returns the default request handlers.
+func Handlers() request.Handlers {
+	var handlers request.Handlers
+
+	handlers.Validate.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.ValidateEndpointHandler)
+	handlers.Build.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.SDKVersionUserAgentHandler)
+	handlers.Sign.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.BuildContentLengthHandler)
+	handlers.Send.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.SendHandler)
+	handlers.AfterRetry.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.AfterRetryHandler)
+	handlers.ValidateResponse.PushBackNamed(corehandlers.ValidateResponseHandler)
+
+	return handlers
+}
+
+// CredChain returns the default credential chain.
+func CredChain(cfg *aws.Config, handlers request.Handlers) *credentials.Credentials {
+	endpoint, signingRegion := endpoints.EndpointForRegion(ec2metadata.ServiceName, *cfg.Region, true)
+
+	return credentials.NewChainCredentials(
+		[]credentials.Provider{
+			&credentials.EnvProvider{},
+			&credentials.SharedCredentialsProvider{Filename: "", Profile: ""},
+			&ec2rolecreds.EC2RoleProvider{
+				Client:       ec2metadata.NewClient(*cfg, handlers, endpoint, signingRegion),
+				ExpiryWindow: 5 * time.Minute,
+			},
+		})
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package ec2metadata
+
+import (
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// GetMetadata uses the path provided to request
+func (c *EC2Metadata) GetMetadata(p string) (string, error) {
+	op := &request.Operation{
+		Name:       "GetMetadata",
+		HTTPMethod: "GET",
+		HTTPPath:   path.Join("/", "meta-data", p),
+	}
+
+	output := &metadataOutput{}
+	req := c.NewRequest(op, nil, output)
+
+	return output.Content, req.Send()
+}
+
+// Region returns the region the instance is running in.
+func (c *EC2Metadata) Region() (string, error) {
+	resp, err := c.GetMetadata("placement/availability-zone")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	// returns region without the suffix. Eg: us-west-2a becomes us-west-2
+	return resp[:len(resp)-1], nil
+}
+
+// Available returns if the application has access to the EC2 Metadata service.
+// Can be used to determine if application is running within an EC2 Instance and
+// the metadata service is available.
+func (c *EC2Metadata) Available() bool {
+	if _, err := c.GetMetadata("instance-id"); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package ec2metadata_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"path"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/ec2metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
+)
+
+func initTestServer(path string, resp string) *httptest.Server {
+	return httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.RequestURI != path {
+			http.Error(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Write([]byte(resp))
+	}))
+}
+
+func TestEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	c := ec2metadata.New(session.New())
+	op := &request.Operation{
+		Name:       "GetMetadata",
+		HTTPMethod: "GET",
+		HTTPPath:   path.Join("/", "meta-data", "testpath"),
+	}
+
+	req := c.NewRequest(op, nil, nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://169.254.169.254/latest", req.ClientInfo.Endpoint)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/testpath", req.HTTPRequest.URL.String())
+}
+
+func TestGetMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer(
+		"/latest/meta-data/some/path",
+		"success", // real response includes suffix
+	)
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")})
+
+	resp, err := c.GetMetadata("some/path")
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "success", resp)
+}
+
+func TestGetRegion(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer(
+		"/latest/meta-data/placement/availability-zone",
+		"us-west-2a", // real response includes suffix
+	)
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")})
+
+	region, err := c.Region()
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "us-west-2", region)
+}
+
+func TestMetadataAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	server := initTestServer(
+		"/latest/meta-data/instance-id",
+		"instance-id",
+	)
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := ec2metadata.New(session.New(), &aws.Config{Endpoint: aws.String(server.URL + "/latest")})
+
+	available := c.Available()
+
+	assert.True(t, available)
+}
+
+func TestMetadataNotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	c := ec2metadata.New(session.New())
+	c.Handlers.Send.Clear()
+	c.Handlers.Send.PushBack(func(r *request.Request) {
+		r.HTTPResponse = &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: int(0),
+			Status:     http.StatusText(int(0)),
+			Body:       ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte{})),
+		}
+		r.Error = awserr.New("RequestError", "send request failed", nil)
+		r.Retryable = aws.Bool(true) // network errors are retryable
+	})
+
+	available := c.Available()
+
+	assert.False(t, available)
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Package ec2metadata provides the client for making API calls to the
+// EC2 Metadata service.
+package ec2metadata
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/client/metadata"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
+)
+
+// ServiceName is the name of the service.
+const ServiceName = "ec2metadata"
+
+// A EC2Metadata is an EC2 Metadata service Client.
+type EC2Metadata struct {
+	*client.Client
+}
+
+// New creates a new instance of the EC2Metadata client with a session.
+// This client is safe to use across multiple goroutines.
+//
+// Example:
+//     // Create a EC2Metadata client from just a session.
+//     svc := ec2metadata.New(mySession)
+//
+//     // Create a EC2Metadata client with additional configuration
+//     svc := ec2metadata.New(mySession, aws.NewConfig().WithLogLevel(aws.LogDebugHTTPBody))
+func New(p client.ConfigProvider, cfgs ...*aws.Config) *EC2Metadata {
+	c := p.ClientConfig(ServiceName, cfgs...)
+	return NewClient(*c.Config, c.Handlers, c.Endpoint, c.SigningRegion)
+}
+
+// NewClient returns a new EC2Metadata client. Should be used to create
+// a client when not using a session. Generally using just New with a session
+// is preferred.
+func NewClient(cfg aws.Config, handlers request.Handlers, endpoint, signingRegion string, opts ...func(*client.Client)) *EC2Metadata {
+	// If the default http client is provided, replace it with a custom
+	// client using default timeouts.
+	if cfg.HTTPClient == http.DefaultClient {
+		cfg.HTTPClient = &http.Client{
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				Proxy: http.ProxyFromEnvironment,
+				Dial: (&net.Dialer{
+					// use a shorter timeout than default because the metadata
+					// service is local if it is running, and to fail faster
+					// if not running on an ec2 instance.
+					Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
+					KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+				}).Dial,
+				TLSHandshakeTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	svc := &EC2Metadata{
+		Client: client.New(
+			cfg,
+			metadata.ClientInfo{
+				ServiceName: ServiceName,
+				Endpoint:    endpoint,
+				APIVersion:  "latest",
+			},
+			handlers,
+		),
+	}
+
+	svc.Handlers.Unmarshal.PushBack(unmarshalHandler)
+	svc.Handlers.UnmarshalError.PushBack(unmarshalError)
+	svc.Handlers.Validate.Clear()
+	svc.Handlers.Validate.PushBack(validateEndpointHandler)
+
+	// Add additional options to the service config
+	for _, option := range opts {
+		option(svc.Client)
+	}
+
+	return svc
+}
+
+type metadataOutput struct {
+	Content string
+}
+
+func unmarshalHandler(r *request.Request) {
+	defer r.HTTPResponse.Body.Close()
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.HTTPResponse.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.Error = awserr.New("SerializationError", "unable to unmarshal EC2 metadata respose", err)
+	}
+
+	data := r.Data.(*metadataOutput)
+	data.Content = string(b)
+}
+
+func unmarshalError(r *request.Request) {
+	defer r.HTTPResponse.Body.Close()
+	_, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.HTTPResponse.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.Error = awserr.New("SerializationError", "unable to unmarshal EC2 metadata error respose", err)
+	}
+
+	// TODO extract the error...
+}
+
+func validateEndpointHandler(r *request.Request) {
+	if r.ClientInfo.Endpoint == "" {
+		r.Error = aws.ErrMissingEndpoint
+	}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package aws
+
+import "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
+
+var (
+	// ErrMissingRegion is an error that is returned if region configuration is
+	// not found.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrMissingRegion = awserr.New("MissingRegion", "could not find region configuration", nil)
+
+	// ErrMissingEndpoint is an error that is returned if an endpoint cannot be
+	// resolved for a service.
+	//
+	// @readonly
+	ErrMissingEndpoint = awserr.New("MissingEndpoint", "'Endpoint' configuration is required for this service", nil)
+)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`au BufWritePost *.go silent!make tags > /dev/null 2>&1`