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Add something about how to custom partition layout

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niusmallnan
2018-09-28 15:53:39 +08:00
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content/os/v1.x/en/about/custom-partition-layout/_index.md
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---
title: How to custom partition layout
weight: 305
---
When users use the default `ros install`, ROS will automatically create one partition on the root disk.
It will be the only partition with the label RANCHER_STATE.
But sometimes users want to be able to customize the root disk partition to isolate the data.
> The following defaults to MBR mode, GPT mode has not been tested.
### Use RANCHER_STATE partition
As mentioned above, the default mode is that ROS will automatically create one partition with the label RANCHER_STATE.
In addition, we can have other partitions, e.g.: two partitions, one is RANCHER_STATE and the other is a normal partition.
First boot a ROS instance from ISO, then manually format and partition `/dev/sda` , the reference configuration is as follows:
```
[root@rancher oem]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5377622016 bytes, 10503168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x9fff87e9
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 7503167 7501120 3.6G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 7503872 10503167 2999296 1.4G 83 Linux
[root@rancher oem]# blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="RANCHER_STATE" UUID="512f212b-3130-458e-a2d1-1d601c34d4e4" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="9fff87e9-01"
/dev/sda2: UUID="3828e3ac-b825-4898-9072-45da9d37c2a6" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="9fff87e9-02"
```
Then install ROS to the disk with `ros install -t noformat -d /dev/sda ...`.
After rebooting, you can use `/dev/sda2`. For example, changing the data root of user-docker:
```
$ ros config set mounts '[["/dev/sda2","/mnt/s","ext4",""]]’
$ ros config set rancher.docker.graph /mnt/s
$ reboot
```
> In this mode, the RANCHER_STATE partition capacity cannot exceed 3.8GiB, otherwise the bootloader may not recognize the boot disk. This is the test result on VirtualBox.
### Use RANCHER_BOOT partition
When you only use the RRACHER_STATE partition, the bootloader will be installed in the `/boot` directory.
```
$ system-docker run -it --rm -v /:/host alpine
ls /host/boot
...
```
If you want to use a separate boot partition, you also need to boot a ROS instance from ISO, then manually format and partition `/dev/sda`:
```
[root@rancher rancher]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 5 GiB, 5377622016 bytes, 10503168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe32b3025
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 2048 2503167 2501120 1.2G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2504704 7503167 4998464 2.4G 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 7503872 10503167 2999296 1.4G 83 Linux
[root@rancher rancher]# mkfs.ext4 -L RANCHER_BOOT /dev/sda1
[root@rancher rancher]# mkfs.ext4 -L RANCHER_STATE /dev/sda2
[root@rancher rancher]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3
[root@rancher rancher]# blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="RANCHER_BOOT" UUID="43baeac3-11f3-4eed-acfa-64daf66b26c8" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="e32b3025-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="RANCHER_STATE" UUID="16f1ecef-dbe4-42a2-87a1-611939684e0b" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="e32b3025-02"
/dev/sda3: UUID="9f34e161-0eee-48f9-93de-3b7c54dea437" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="c9b8f181-03"
```
Then install ROS to the disk with `ros install -t noformat -d /dev/sda ...`.
After rebooting, you can check the boot partition:
```
[root@rancher rancher]# mkdir /boot
[root@rancher rancher]# mount /dev/sda1 /boot
[root@rancher rancher]# ls -ahl /boot/
total 175388
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4.0K Sep 27 03:35 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4.0K Sep 27 03:38 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 Sep 27 03:05 append
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 128 Sep 27 03:35 global.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 96.8M Sep 27 03:05 initrd
```
If you are not using the first partition as a BOOT partition, you need to set BOOT flag via the fdisk tool.
> In this mode, the RANCHER_BOOT partition capacity cannot exceed 3.8GiB, otherwise the bootloader may not recognize the boot disk. This is the test result on VirtualBox.
### Use RANCHER_OEM partition
If you format any partition with the label RANCHER_OEM, ROS will mount this partition to `/usr/share/ros/oem`:
```
[root@rancher rancher]# blkid
/dev/sda2: LABEL="RANCHER_OEM" UUID="4f438455-63a3-4d29-ac90-50adbeced412" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="9fff87e9-02"
[root@rancher rancher]# df -hT | grep sda2
/dev/sda2 ext4 1.4G 4.3M 1.3G 0% /usr/share/ros/oem
```
Currently, this OEM directory is hardcoded and not configurable.
### Use RANCHER_SWAP partition
Suppose you have a partition(`/dev/sda2`) and you want to use it as a SWAP partition:
```
$ mkswap -L RANCHER_SWAP /dev/sda2
$ blkid
/dev/sda1: LABEL="RANCHER_STATE" UUID="512f212b-3130-458e-a2d1-1d601c34d4e4" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="9fff87e9-01"
/dev/sda2: LABEL="RANCHER_SWAP" UUID="772b6e76-f89c-458e-931e-10902d78d3e4" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="9fff87e9-02"
```
After you install ROS to the disk, you can add the `runcmd` to enable SWAP:
```
runcmd:
- swapon -L RANCHER_SWAP
```
Then check the memory information:
```
[root@rancher rancher]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1996 774 1221 237 20 614
-/+ buffers/cache: 139 1856
Swap: 487 0 487
```
content/os/v1.x/en/installation/storage/state-partition/_index.md
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dev: LABEL=RANCHER_STATE
```
For other labels such as `RANCHER_BOOT` and `RANCHER_OEM` and `RANCHER_SWAP`, please refer to [Custom partition layout]({{< baseurl >}}/os/v1.x/en/about/custom-partition-layout/).
### Autoformat
You can specify a list of devices to check to format on boot. If the state partition is already found, RancherOS will not try to auto format a partition. By default, auto-formatting is off.